DMCC发动机实车工况下实现国IV排放的试验研究
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摘要
本试验在一台满足国三排放的增压中冷四缸柴油机上,在不改变原机柴油ECU(甲醇控制单元)标定MAP的条件下,对其实施柴油/甲醇组合燃烧(DMCC)技术改造,按照重型柴油机十三点工况(ESC)循环进行试验.对比了原机基础上加装DMCC(Diesel and Methanol Compound Combustion)及简单的后处理器(DOC+POC)的效果,并探讨了其满足国IV排放标准的可行性.结果表明:与原机(无后处理)相比,DMCC燃烧模式下的NO_x和碳烟(soot)比排放均有了较大的降幅,且均能满足国IV排放标准;但在未加装后处理器时,碳氢化合物(HC)、一氧化碳(CO)的比排放明显高于国IV排放限值;非常规排放物中甲醇(CH_3OH)及甲醛(HCHO)的比排放也有较大幅度增加.在加装了后处理器DOC+POC之后,碳烟比排放进一步降低,仅为国IV排放限值的60%,NO_x比排放小幅度增加,但其增幅范围不超过国IV排放限值的2.57%;在经过后处理之后HC和CO的比排放分别是国IV排放限值的36.9%、1.24%,CH_3OH、HCHO比排放分别是原机水平的1.49%、59.55%.研究结果为采用甲醇辅助燃烧提升原柴油机的排放性能提供了可行的技术途径.
Basing on a turbo-charged inter-cooled four-cylinder diesel which meets China III emission standard, this experiment implemented diesel/methanol compound combustion technology innovation for original engine without changing its original calibration MAP and was conducted according to 13-points operating conditions cycle(ESC) of heavy duty diesel engine. Coupling the DMCC and the simple post-treatments(DOC+POC) on original engine, this study discussed the feasibility of it meeting China IV emission standard. The experimental results showed that comparing with the original engine(without post-treatments), the specific emissions of NO_x and soot have a larger reduction under the DMCC combustion mode without equipping post-treatments, and all of them could meet China IV emissions standard. However, the specific emissions of HC, CO, CH_3OH and HCHO are higher than the emission limitation. After equipping post-treatments(DOC+POC), the specific emission of soot further reduced which was only 60% of China IV standard and the specific emission NO_x was slightly increasing, but its increasing range did not exceed 2.57% of China IV standard. After equipping post-treatment, the specific emissions of HC, CO were 36.9%,1.24% of the China IV emission standard respectively and the specific emissions of CH_3OH, HCHO were 1.49%, 59.55% of the original engine emission level respectively. The test results provided a feasible technical approach for adopting methanol assisted combustion technology to improve the emission performance of original diesel engine.
Basing on a turbo-charged inter-cooled four-cylinder diesel which meets China III emission standard, this experiment implemented diesel/methanol compound combustion technology innovation for original engine without changing its original calibration MAP and was conducted according to 13-points operating conditions cycle(ESC) of heavy duty diesel engine. Coupling the DMCC and the simple post-treatments(DOC+POC) on original engine, this study discussed the feasibility of it meeting China IV emission standard. The experimental results showed that comparing with the original engine(without post-treatments), the specific emissions of NO_x and soot have a larger reduction under the DMCC combustion mode without equipping post-treatments, and all of them could meet China IV emissions standard. However, the specific emissions of HC, CO, CH_3OH and HCHO are higher than the emission limitation. After equipping post-treatments(DOC+POC), the specific emission of soot further reduced which was only 60% of China IV standard and the specific emission NO_x was slightly increasing, but its increasing range did not exceed 2.57% of China IV standard. After equipping post-treatment, the specific emissions of HC, CO were 36.9%,1.24% of the China IV emission standard respectively and the specific emissions of CH_3OH, HCHO were 1.49%, 59.55% of the original engine emission level respectively. The test results provided a feasible technical approach for adopting methanol assisted combustion technology to improve the emission performance of original diesel engine.
引文
Cheng C H,Cheung C S,Chan T L,et al.2008.Comparison of emissions of a direct injection diesel engine operating on biodiesel with emulsified and fumigated methanol[J].Fuel,87(10/11):1870-1879
Hori M,Marinov N,Matsunaga N,et al.1998.An experimental and kinetic calculation of the promotion effect of hydrocarbons on the NO-NO2 conversion in a flow reacto[J].Symposium on Combustion,27(1):389-396
李向荣,赵伟华,苏立旺,等.2017.柴油机侧卷流燃烧系统的燃烧及排放性能[J].内燃机学报,(4):297-304
刘军恒,姚安仁,姚春德,等.2014.重载柴油机采用非SCR和DPF实现国Ⅳ排放研究[J].环境科学学报,34(10):2654-2659
刘美娟.2014.氧化型后处理器在DMCC发动机上的应用[D].天津:天津大学
刘友县.2009.机动车NOx污染与光化学烟雾形成的原因分析[J].科技情报开发与经济,19(6):167-169
梁润梅.2003.神经系统的NO及其生物学功能[J].生物学教学,28(4):3-5
Liu J,Yao A,Yao C.2015.Effects of diesel injection pressure on the performance and emissions of a HD common-rail diesel engine fueled with diesel/methanol dual fuel[J].Fuel,140:192-200
卢晗,王斌,陈超,等.2017.DMDF电控单体泵柴油机结合简单后处理装置实现国V排放的研究[J].环境科学学报,37(12):4535-4540
Lyon R K,Cole J A,Kramlich J C,et al.1990.The selective reduction of SO3,to SO2,and the oxidation of NO to NO2,by methanol[J].Combustion & Flame,81(1):30-39
Masimalai S K.2014.Influence of methanol induction on performance,emission and combustion behavior of a methanol - diesel dual fuel engine[J].SAE Technical Paper, DOI:10.4271/2014-01-1315
Qi D H,Chen H,Geng L M,et al.2010.Performance and combustion characteristics of biodiesel-diesel-methanol blend fuelled engine[J].Applied Energy,87(5):1679-1686
Senthil Kumar M,Nataraj G,Arul Selvan S.2017.A comprehensive assessment on the effect of high octane fuels induction on engine′s combustion behaviour of a Mahua oil based dual fuel engine[J].Fuel,199:176-184
帅石金,唐韬,赵彦光,等.2012.柴油车排放法规及后处理技术的现状与展望[J].汽车安全与节能学报,3(3):200-217
谭丕强,王德源,楼狄明,等.2018.农业机械污染排放控制技术的现状与展望[J].农业工程学报,34(7):1-14
Vaaraslahti K,Ristim?ki J,Virtanen A,et al.2006.Effect of oxidation catalysts on diesel soot particles[J].Environmental Science & Technology,40(15):4776-4781
王辉,苏万华,刘斌,等.2005.调制多脉冲喷油策略的实现及对HCCI燃烧过程影响的研究[J].内燃机学报,23(5):385-391
王利军,刘圣华,邹洪波,等.2007.高比例甲醇柴油双燃料发动机燃烧与排放特性的研究[J].西安交通大学学报,41(1):14-17
王全刚,姚春德,余海涛,等.2014.柴油甲醇双燃料燃烧运行边界研究[J].工程热物理学报,(9):1879-1883
王全刚.2016.柴油/甲醇二元燃料燃烧边界条件研究[D].天津:天津大学.133
王铁,冯星,雷思敏等.2012.甲醇和EGR降低柴油机NOx和碳烟排放的试验研究[J].内燃机工程,(4):47-52
Wei H,Yao C,Pan W,et al.2017.Experimental investigations of the effects of pilot injection on combustion and gaseous emission characteristics of diesel/methanol dual fuel engine[J].Fuel,188:427-441
Wei L,Yao C,Wang Q,et al.2015.Combustion and emission characteristics of a turbocharged diesel engine using high premixed ratio of methanol and diesel fuel[J].Fuel,140:156-163
魏立江,马雁,韩国鹏,等.2015.重型柴油机进气预混甲醇实现国Ⅳ排放标准研究[J].农业机械学报,46(6):269-274
夏琦,姚春德,魏立江,等.2014.柴油/甲醇组合燃烧发动机的氮氧化物排放研究[J].环境科学学报,34(2):345-348
杨辉,张兆明.2013.EGR+DPF系统降低柴油机的排放[J].柴油机设计与制造,19(2):5-9
Yao C,Cheung C S,Cheng C,et al.2007.Effect of diesel/methanol compound combustion on diesel engine combustion and emissions[J].Energy Conversion and Management,49(6):1696-1704
姚春德,代乾,许汉君,等.2012.柴油在甲醇/空气高温热氛围中的着火和燃烧特性[J].燃烧科学与技术,18(3):193-198
姚春德,段峰,李云强,等.2005.柴油/甲醇组合燃烧发动机的燃烧特性与排放[J].燃烧科学与技术,11(3):214-217
姚春德,胡江涛,银增辉,等.2016.喷油压力对高压共轨柴油机燃烧影响的可视化研究[J].农业机械学报,47(1):355-361
姚春德,胡江涛,臧儒振,等.2017.柴油/甲烷和柴油/甲醇二元燃料着火反应机理比较研究[J].工程热物理学报,38(2):392-398
姚春德,李云强,王银山,等.2004.用柴油/醇组合燃烧法在城市车用柴油机上实现同时降低碳烟与NOx排放的研究[J].环境科学学报,24(5):828-833
姚春德,刘辰,耿鹏,等.2014.甲醇柴油双燃料燃烧结合DOC/POC耦合大幅度减少发动机微粒排放的研究[J].环境科学学报,34(11):2918-2924
姚春德,王斌,王全刚,等.2016.满足国IV排放的DMCC发动机非常规排放研究[J].环境科学学报,36(5):1595-1601
Yao G,Jiang D,Liu H,et al.2011.Experimental study on purification effect of particulate matters in FBC+POC diesel[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,11(Part B):713-718
Yousefi A,Birouk M,Lawler B,et al.2015.Performance and emissions of a dual-fuel pilot diesel ignition engine operating on various premixed fuels[J].Energy Conversion & Management,106:322-336
袁学辉.2018.卡车用柴油机行业2017年市场分析及2018年展望[J].商用汽车,(Z1):111-115
Zhang Z H,Cheung C S,Chan T L,et al.2010.Experimental investigation of regulated and unregulated emissions from a diesel engine fueled with Euro V diesel fuel and fumigation methanol[J].Atmospheric Environment,44(8):1054-1061
Zhu L,Cheung C S,Zhang W G,et al.2011.Combustion,performance and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine fueled with ethanol-biodiesel blends[J].Fuel,90(5):1743-1750
Hori M,Marinov N,Matsunaga N,et al.1998.An experimental and kinetic calculation of the promotion effect of hydrocarbons on the NO-NO2 conversion in a flow reacto[J].Symposium on Combustion,27(1):389-396
李向荣,赵伟华,苏立旺,等.2017.柴油机侧卷流燃烧系统的燃烧及排放性能[J].内燃机学报,(4):297-304
刘军恒,姚安仁,姚春德,等.2014.重载柴油机采用非SCR和DPF实现国Ⅳ排放研究[J].环境科学学报,34(10):2654-2659
刘美娟.2014.氧化型后处理器在DMCC发动机上的应用[D].天津:天津大学
刘友县.2009.机动车NOx污染与光化学烟雾形成的原因分析[J].科技情报开发与经济,19(6):167-169
梁润梅.2003.神经系统的NO及其生物学功能[J].生物学教学,28(4):3-5
Liu J,Yao A,Yao C.2015.Effects of diesel injection pressure on the performance and emissions of a HD common-rail diesel engine fueled with diesel/methanol dual fuel[J].Fuel,140:192-200
卢晗,王斌,陈超,等.2017.DMDF电控单体泵柴油机结合简单后处理装置实现国V排放的研究[J].环境科学学报,37(12):4535-4540
Lyon R K,Cole J A,Kramlich J C,et al.1990.The selective reduction of SO3,to SO2,and the oxidation of NO to NO2,by methanol[J].Combustion & Flame,81(1):30-39
Masimalai S K.2014.Influence of methanol induction on performance,emission and combustion behavior of a methanol - diesel dual fuel engine[J].SAE Technical Paper, DOI:10.4271/2014-01-1315
Qi D H,Chen H,Geng L M,et al.2010.Performance and combustion characteristics of biodiesel-diesel-methanol blend fuelled engine[J].Applied Energy,87(5):1679-1686
Senthil Kumar M,Nataraj G,Arul Selvan S.2017.A comprehensive assessment on the effect of high octane fuels induction on engine′s combustion behaviour of a Mahua oil based dual fuel engine[J].Fuel,199:176-184
帅石金,唐韬,赵彦光,等.2012.柴油车排放法规及后处理技术的现状与展望[J].汽车安全与节能学报,3(3):200-217
谭丕强,王德源,楼狄明,等.2018.农业机械污染排放控制技术的现状与展望[J].农业工程学报,34(7):1-14
Vaaraslahti K,Ristim?ki J,Virtanen A,et al.2006.Effect of oxidation catalysts on diesel soot particles[J].Environmental Science & Technology,40(15):4776-4781
王辉,苏万华,刘斌,等.2005.调制多脉冲喷油策略的实现及对HCCI燃烧过程影响的研究[J].内燃机学报,23(5):385-391
王利军,刘圣华,邹洪波,等.2007.高比例甲醇柴油双燃料发动机燃烧与排放特性的研究[J].西安交通大学学报,41(1):14-17
王全刚,姚春德,余海涛,等.2014.柴油甲醇双燃料燃烧运行边界研究[J].工程热物理学报,(9):1879-1883
王全刚.2016.柴油/甲醇二元燃料燃烧边界条件研究[D].天津:天津大学.133
王铁,冯星,雷思敏等.2012.甲醇和EGR降低柴油机NOx和碳烟排放的试验研究[J].内燃机工程,(4):47-52
Wei H,Yao C,Pan W,et al.2017.Experimental investigations of the effects of pilot injection on combustion and gaseous emission characteristics of diesel/methanol dual fuel engine[J].Fuel,188:427-441
Wei L,Yao C,Wang Q,et al.2015.Combustion and emission characteristics of a turbocharged diesel engine using high premixed ratio of methanol and diesel fuel[J].Fuel,140:156-163
魏立江,马雁,韩国鹏,等.2015.重型柴油机进气预混甲醇实现国Ⅳ排放标准研究[J].农业机械学报,46(6):269-274
夏琦,姚春德,魏立江,等.2014.柴油/甲醇组合燃烧发动机的氮氧化物排放研究[J].环境科学学报,34(2):345-348
杨辉,张兆明.2013.EGR+DPF系统降低柴油机的排放[J].柴油机设计与制造,19(2):5-9
Yao C,Cheung C S,Cheng C,et al.2007.Effect of diesel/methanol compound combustion on diesel engine combustion and emissions[J].Energy Conversion and Management,49(6):1696-1704
姚春德,代乾,许汉君,等.2012.柴油在甲醇/空气高温热氛围中的着火和燃烧特性[J].燃烧科学与技术,18(3):193-198
姚春德,段峰,李云强,等.2005.柴油/甲醇组合燃烧发动机的燃烧特性与排放[J].燃烧科学与技术,11(3):214-217
姚春德,胡江涛,银增辉,等.2016.喷油压力对高压共轨柴油机燃烧影响的可视化研究[J].农业机械学报,47(1):355-361
姚春德,胡江涛,臧儒振,等.2017.柴油/甲烷和柴油/甲醇二元燃料着火反应机理比较研究[J].工程热物理学报,38(2):392-398
姚春德,李云强,王银山,等.2004.用柴油/醇组合燃烧法在城市车用柴油机上实现同时降低碳烟与NOx排放的研究[J].环境科学学报,24(5):828-833
姚春德,刘辰,耿鹏,等.2014.甲醇柴油双燃料燃烧结合DOC/POC耦合大幅度减少发动机微粒排放的研究[J].环境科学学报,34(11):2918-2924
姚春德,王斌,王全刚,等.2016.满足国IV排放的DMCC发动机非常规排放研究[J].环境科学学报,36(5):1595-1601
Yao G,Jiang D,Liu H,et al.2011.Experimental study on purification effect of particulate matters in FBC+POC diesel[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,11(Part B):713-718
Yousefi A,Birouk M,Lawler B,et al.2015.Performance and emissions of a dual-fuel pilot diesel ignition engine operating on various premixed fuels[J].Energy Conversion & Management,106:322-336
袁学辉.2018.卡车用柴油机行业2017年市场分析及2018年展望[J].商用汽车,(Z1):111-115
Zhang Z H,Cheung C S,Chan T L,et al.2010.Experimental investigation of regulated and unregulated emissions from a diesel engine fueled with Euro V diesel fuel and fumigation methanol[J].Atmospheric Environment,44(8):1054-1061
Zhu L,Cheung C S,Zhang W G,et al.2011.Combustion,performance and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine fueled with ethanol-biodiesel blends[J].Fuel,90(5):1743-1750