煤层冲刷带对瓦斯赋存影响效应及其涌出控制机理
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摘要
针对近年来煤层冲刷带瓦斯异常涌出,但瓦斯赋存及涌出规律不清的问题,从煤层冲刷带的形成模式和空间形态出发,结合陕西胡家河煤矿和山西新景煤矿采掘过程中遇到的不同类型煤层冲刷带瓦斯赋存和涌出实践,总结分析了煤层冲刷带对煤矿瓦斯赋存和涌出的影响机理。研究表明,当冲刷带顶部和底部存在封闭条件时可形成一定规模游离砂岩气,继承性冲刷带和后生冲刷带规模要大于原生冲刷带。同生冲刷带和后生冲刷带会对煤层开采瓦斯涌出产生影响,其中以后生冲刷带尤为严重。同生冲刷带由于煤层具有统一顶板有利于带状冲刷带砂岩中游离瓦斯赋存,煤矿回采过程中瓦斯涌出量高于两侧正常煤层,但受冲刷规模控制影响有限。后生冲刷带对我国煤矿采掘条件影响较大,煤层冲刷带过渡区是煤与瓦斯突出高发地带。煤层冲刷带过渡区由于岩性组合差异,致使煤层冲刷带过渡区存在剪切力煤层结构破坏,导致煤层冲刷带透气性变差,瓦斯赋存能力增强。采掘至此,工作面中部前方来压,煤层应力增大,加之冲刷带砂体中较高压力的游离瓦斯涌出,从而易在后生冲刷带过渡区发生瓦斯异常涌出。区域构造控制下的地应力场分布和地质历史时期构造运动对煤体结构的破坏为冲刷带瓦斯异常涌出提供了地质基础。鉴于煤层冲刷带对煤矿瓦斯涌出的危害,煤矿采掘前应利用三维地震等方法做好超前探工作并圈定煤层冲刷带,为煤矿瓦斯防治提供地质依据。
In view of the abnormal gas emission in coal seam scouring zone in recent years,and the law of gas occurrence and emission is not clear,this paper starts from the formation pattern and spatial form of coal seam scouring zone,combined with the practice of gas occurrence and emission in different types of coal seam scouring zone encountered in the mining process of Hujiahe coal mine in Shaanxi Province and Xinjing Coal Mine in Shanxi Province,the influence mechanism of coal seam scouring on gas occurrence and emission in coal mines were summarized and analyzed.Studies have shown that when there are closed conditions at the top and bottom of the scouring belt,a certain scale of free sandstone gas can be formed,and the size of the inherited scouring zone and the post-production scouring zone is larger than that of the original scouring zone.The contemporaneous scouring belt and the post-production scouring belt will have an impact on the gas emission from coal seam mining,and the subsequent scouring belt is particularly serious.The contemporaneous scouring belt is beneficial to the occurrence of free gas in the banded scouring zone due to the uniform roof of the coal seam.Thus,the gas emission in the syngenetic scouring zone is obviously higher than that of the normal coal seams on both sides,but the influence of the scouring scale control is limited.The post-production scour scouring zone has a great influence on the mining process of coal mines in China,and the transition zone of coal seam scouring zone is a high incidence zone of coal and gas outburst.Due to the difference of lithological combination,the transition zone of the coal seam scouring zone causes shearing coal seam structure damage in the transition zone of the coal seam scouring zone,resulting in poor permeability of coal seam scouring zone and enhanced gas storage capacity.At this point,the pressure in front of the middle of the working face will increase the stress of coal seam,and the free gas of the higher pressure in the sand body of the scouring belt is rushed out.Therefore,it is easy to generate abnormal emission of coal and gasin the transition zone of the scouring zone.The distribution of geosyncline controlled by regional tectonics and the destruction of coal structure by tectonic movement in geological history provide geological basis for abnormal gas emission in scouring zone. In view of the hazards of coal seam scouring zone on coal mine gas emission,three-dimensional seismic method should be used to delineate coal seam scouring zone before coal mining,which can provide geological basis for coal mine gas prevention and control.
In view of the abnormal gas emission in coal seam scouring zone in recent years,and the law of gas occurrence and emission is not clear,this paper starts from the formation pattern and spatial form of coal seam scouring zone,combined with the practice of gas occurrence and emission in different types of coal seam scouring zone encountered in the mining process of Hujiahe coal mine in Shaanxi Province and Xinjing Coal Mine in Shanxi Province,the influence mechanism of coal seam scouring on gas occurrence and emission in coal mines were summarized and analyzed.Studies have shown that when there are closed conditions at the top and bottom of the scouring belt,a certain scale of free sandstone gas can be formed,and the size of the inherited scouring zone and the post-production scouring zone is larger than that of the original scouring zone.The contemporaneous scouring belt and the post-production scouring belt will have an impact on the gas emission from coal seam mining,and the subsequent scouring belt is particularly serious.The contemporaneous scouring belt is beneficial to the occurrence of free gas in the banded scouring zone due to the uniform roof of the coal seam.Thus,the gas emission in the syngenetic scouring zone is obviously higher than that of the normal coal seams on both sides,but the influence of the scouring scale control is limited.The post-production scour scouring zone has a great influence on the mining process of coal mines in China,and the transition zone of coal seam scouring zone is a high incidence zone of coal and gas outburst.Due to the difference of lithological combination,the transition zone of the coal seam scouring zone causes shearing coal seam structure damage in the transition zone of the coal seam scouring zone,resulting in poor permeability of coal seam scouring zone and enhanced gas storage capacity.At this point,the pressure in front of the middle of the working face will increase the stress of coal seam,and the free gas of the higher pressure in the sand body of the scouring belt is rushed out.Therefore,it is easy to generate abnormal emission of coal and gasin the transition zone of the scouring zone.The distribution of geosyncline controlled by regional tectonics and the destruction of coal structure by tectonic movement in geological history provide geological basis for abnormal gas emission in scouring zone. In view of the hazards of coal seam scouring zone on coal mine gas emission,three-dimensional seismic method should be used to delineate coal seam scouring zone before coal mining,which can provide geological basis for coal mine gas prevention and control.
引文
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[12]韩军,张宏伟,霍丙杰.向斜构造煤与瓦斯突出机理探讨[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(8):908-913.HAN Jun,ZHANG Hongwei,HUO Bingjie.Discussion of coal and gas outburst mechanism of syncline structure[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(8):908-913.
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[14]蔺亚兵,申小龙,刘军.黄陇煤田低煤阶煤储层孔隙特征及吸附储集性能研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(5):181-186.LIN Yabing,SHEN Xiaolong,LIU Jun. Pore characteristics and adsorption reservoir performance of low rank coal reservoirs in Huanglong coalfield[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(5):181-186.
[15]王建国.新景矿瓦斯地质规律的初步探讨[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2009:16-22.
[16]陈书平.阳泉矿区3#煤层河流冲蚀规律探讨[J].江苏煤炭,2003,28(3):34-35.CHEN Shuping.Discussion on river erosion law of No.3 Coal Seam in Yangquan Mining Area[J].Jiangsu Coal,2003,28(3):34-35.
[17]张坤鹏.阳泉新景煤矿构造煤发育规律及其对瓦斯赋存的控制机理[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015:23-29
[18]戚宇霄.新景矿3#煤层地质构造作用对煤孔隙结构特征及瓦斯吸附—解吸特性影响[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2018:8-11.
[19]程远平,张晓磊,王亮.地应力对瓦斯压力及突出灾害的控制作用研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(3):408-414.CHENG Yuanping,ZAHNG Xiaolei,WANG Liang.Controlling effect of ground stress on gas pressure and outburst disaster[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2013,30(3):408-414.
[20]何满潮,任晓龙,宫伟力,等.矿山压力对煤矿瓦斯涌出影响实验分析及其控制[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(1):7-13.HE Manchao,REN Xiaolong,GONG Weili,et al. Experimental analysis of mine pressure influence on gas emission and control[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(1):7-13.
[21]张天军,苏琳,乔宝明,等.矿压与煤层瓦斯涌出量关联性分析[J].西安科技大学学报,2011,31(6):703-707.ZHANG Tianjun,SU Lin,QIAO Baoming,et al. Relationship between mine ground pressure and gas emission[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2011,31(6):703-707.
[2]贾建称,郭东韡,崔中兴,等.布尔台矿井3-1煤层冲刷带特征及预测[J].陕西煤炭,2009,28(1):4-6.JIA Jiancheng,GUO Donghuang,CUI Zhongxing,et al. The feature and forecast of 3-1coalseam washout zones in Buertai Coal Mine[J].Shaanxi Coal,2009,28(1):4-6.
[3]王宇林,张亚明,于常武,等.铁法矿区煤层冲刷带研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2002,30(5):8-11.WANG Yulin,ZHANG Yaming,YU Changwu,et al. Study on coal seam scouring zone in Tiefa Mining Area[J].Coalfield Geology and Exploration,2002,30(5):8-11.
[4]李普涛,张起钻,汪恕生.煤层冲刷带预测方法评述[J].中国煤炭地质,2007,19(2):17-19.LI Putao,ZHANG Qizuan,WANG Shusheng.Review on prediction methods of coal seam erosion zone[J].China Coal Geology,2007,19(2):17-19.
[5]刘俊杰.地质统计学在预测煤层冲刷带中的应用研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,39(1):49-52.LIU Junjie. Application study of geostatistics to predicate washout zone in coal seam[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2004,39(1):49-52.
[6]吴奕峰,孟凡彬.利用地震属性预测煤层厚度及古河流冲刷带的方法[J].中国煤炭地质,2010,22(10):52-56.WU Yifeng,MENG Fanbin. A method for predicting coal seam thickness and ancient river erosion zones by using seismic attributes[J].Coal Geology of China,2010,22(10):52-56.
[7]王宇林,赵明鹏,王国成,等.煤层冲刷带的分类及预测[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报:自然科学版,1998,17(3):249-253.WANG Yulin,ZHAO Mingpeng,WANG Guocheng,et al.Prediction and classification of coal seam erosion zone[J].Journal of Liaoning University of Engineering and Technology:Natural Science Edition,1998,17(3):249-253.
[8]程远平,刘洪永,赵伟.我国煤与瓦斯突出事故现状及防治对策[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(6):15-18.CHENG Yuanping,LIU Hongyong,ZHAO Wei. Status and prevention countermeasures of coal and gas outburst accidents in china[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(6):15-18.
[9]汤友谊,魏若飞,刘最亮,等.后生冲蚀对矿井瓦斯突(喷)出的控制作用[J].河南理工大学学报:自然科学版,2012,31(2):140-144.TANG Youyi,WEI Ruofei,LIU Zhiliang,et al. Gas outburst(spray)of epigenetic washout out of control in No.3 coal seam of Xinjing coal mine[J].Journal of Henan University of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2012,31(2):140-144.
[10]管永伟,陈同俊,崔若飞,等.煤层冲刷带地震响应特征及其与煤层瓦斯突出的相关性分析[J].地球物理学进展,2016,31(1):191-197.GUAN Yongwei,CHEN Tongjun,CUI Ruofei,et al. Analysis of seismic response and correlation with coal seam gas outburst in the coal seam scouring zone[J].Progress in Geophysics,2016,31(1):191-197.
[11]何俊,陈新生.地质构造对煤与瓦斯突出控制作用的研究现状与发展趋势[J].河南理工大学学报:自然科学版,2009,28(1):1-7,13.HE Jun,CHEN Xinsheng. Research state and its development trends for control function of geologica lstructure to coal and gas out burst[J].Journal of Henan University of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2009,28(1):1-7,13.
[12]韩军,张宏伟,霍丙杰.向斜构造煤与瓦斯突出机理探讨[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(8):908-913.HAN Jun,ZHANG Hongwei,HUO Bingjie.Discussion of coal and gas outburst mechanism of syncline structure[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(8):908-913.
[13]李增学.煤矿地质学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2009:236-238.
[14]蔺亚兵,申小龙,刘军.黄陇煤田低煤阶煤储层孔隙特征及吸附储集性能研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(5):181-186.LIN Yabing,SHEN Xiaolong,LIU Jun. Pore characteristics and adsorption reservoir performance of low rank coal reservoirs in Huanglong coalfield[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(5):181-186.
[15]王建国.新景矿瓦斯地质规律的初步探讨[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2009:16-22.
[16]陈书平.阳泉矿区3#煤层河流冲蚀规律探讨[J].江苏煤炭,2003,28(3):34-35.CHEN Shuping.Discussion on river erosion law of No.3 Coal Seam in Yangquan Mining Area[J].Jiangsu Coal,2003,28(3):34-35.
[17]张坤鹏.阳泉新景煤矿构造煤发育规律及其对瓦斯赋存的控制机理[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015:23-29
[18]戚宇霄.新景矿3#煤层地质构造作用对煤孔隙结构特征及瓦斯吸附—解吸特性影响[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2018:8-11.
[19]程远平,张晓磊,王亮.地应力对瓦斯压力及突出灾害的控制作用研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(3):408-414.CHENG Yuanping,ZAHNG Xiaolei,WANG Liang.Controlling effect of ground stress on gas pressure and outburst disaster[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2013,30(3):408-414.
[20]何满潮,任晓龙,宫伟力,等.矿山压力对煤矿瓦斯涌出影响实验分析及其控制[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(1):7-13.HE Manchao,REN Xiaolong,GONG Weili,et al. Experimental analysis of mine pressure influence on gas emission and control[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(1):7-13.
[21]张天军,苏琳,乔宝明,等.矿压与煤层瓦斯涌出量关联性分析[J].西安科技大学学报,2011,31(6):703-707.ZHANG Tianjun,SU Lin,QIAO Baoming,et al. Relationship between mine ground pressure and gas emission[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2011,31(6):703-707.
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