柴达木盆地北缘鱼卡煤田侏罗系煤层气特征及含气性评价
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摘要
柴达木盆地北缘蕴含丰富的煤炭资源及煤层气资源,鱼卡煤田便是一个富含煤层气的典型区域,含煤地层为中侏罗统石门沟组和大煤沟组。鱼卡凹陷地区受区域构造影响,含气量分布不均,其中石门沟组M5煤层和大煤沟组M7煤层煤层气资源前景较好。通过深度—含气性关系分析,发现二井田地区含气性梯度明显且深度—含气性关系的离散性较小,M7煤层含气性随埋深增加呈"先减小后增大"的趋势;而尕秀地区、羊水河和鱼卡东部地区M7煤层含气性随深度增加呈"先增大再减小"的趋势。鱼卡凹陷侏罗系M7煤层的含气性在不同构造单元差异较大,呈现明显的不均一性,整体来看,鱼卡凹陷西部煤层含气性显著高于东部,北部略优于南部,由南向北呈现先降低后升高的趋势;鱼卡煤田北部F2断层和F10断层所控制的区域,在一个小型背斜构造存在2个相对高含气量区,由南向北煤层含气量逐渐增高;而鱼卡煤田东部北山和二井田地区,其煤层含气量普遍较低。
The northern margin of the Qaidam Basin is rich in coal and coal bed methane resources. The Iqe Coalfield is a typical area rich in coalbed methane, which mainly occurs in the Shimengou and Dameigou formations in the Middle Jurassic. Gas contents vary in different areas of the Iqe Sag influenced by regional tectonics. The M5 coal seam of the Shimengou Formation and the M7 coal seam of the Dameigou Formation show a good resource prospect. The relationship between depth and gas-bearing properties shows a gas-bearing gradient and the discreteness of the relationship between depth and gas-bearing property is small in the Erjingtian area. The gas-bearing capacity of M7 coal seam decreases first and then increases with burial depth, and increases first and then decreases in the Caxiu, Yangshuihe and Yuka areas. The gas-bearing properties of M7 coal seam of Jurassic in the Iqe Sag vary greatly in different tectonic units and show obvious heterogeneity. On the whole, the gas-bearing capacity of coal seams in the western Iqe Sag is significantly higher than that of the eastern part, and slightly better in the north than in the south, which shows a trend of decreasing first and then increasing from south to north. There are two relatively high gas content areas in a small anticline structure in the north of the Iqe Coalfield, controlled by F2 and F10 faults, and the coal seam gas content gradually increases from south to north. While the gas content is generally lower in the Beishan and Erjingtian areas in the east of the Iqe Coalfield.
The northern margin of the Qaidam Basin is rich in coal and coal bed methane resources. The Iqe Coalfield is a typical area rich in coalbed methane, which mainly occurs in the Shimengou and Dameigou formations in the Middle Jurassic. Gas contents vary in different areas of the Iqe Sag influenced by regional tectonics. The M5 coal seam of the Shimengou Formation and the M7 coal seam of the Dameigou Formation show a good resource prospect. The relationship between depth and gas-bearing properties shows a gas-bearing gradient and the discreteness of the relationship between depth and gas-bearing property is small in the Erjingtian area. The gas-bearing capacity of M7 coal seam decreases first and then increases with burial depth, and increases first and then decreases in the Caxiu, Yangshuihe and Yuka areas. The gas-bearing properties of M7 coal seam of Jurassic in the Iqe Sag vary greatly in different tectonic units and show obvious heterogeneity. On the whole, the gas-bearing capacity of coal seams in the western Iqe Sag is significantly higher than that of the eastern part, and slightly better in the north than in the south, which shows a trend of decreasing first and then increasing from south to north. There are two relatively high gas content areas in a small anticline structure in the north of the Iqe Coalfield, controlled by F2 and F10 faults, and the coal seam gas content gradually increases from south to north. While the gas content is generally lower in the Beishan and Erjingtian areas in the east of the Iqe Coalfield.
引文
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[3] 缪明,杜学辉.浅谈中国煤层气资源的有效开发与利用[J].科技创新导报,2012(28):161. MIAO Ming,DU Xuehui.Effective exploitation and utilization of coalbed methane resources in China[J].Science and Technology Innovation Herald,2012(28):161.
[4] 赵晨光,刘继东,刘计国,等.非常规天然气系统及其在中国的勘探前景[J].石油天然气学报,2009,31(3):193-195. ZHAO Chenguang,LIU Jidong,LIU Jiguo,et al.Unconventional natural gas system and its exploration prospect in China[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2009,31(3):193-195.
[5] 姚国欣,王建明.国外煤层气生产概况及对加速我国煤层气产业发展的思考[J].中外能源,2010,15(4):25-33. YAO Guoxin,WANG Jianming.A glimpse of coalbed methane production overseas and reflections on accelerating coalbed methane development in China[J].Sino-Global Energy,2010,2010,15(4):25-33.
[6] HEFFERN E L,COATES D A.Geologic history of natural coal-bed fires,Powder River Basin,USA[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2004,59(1/2):25-47.
[7] MOORE T R,PEARSON D L,BOATWRIGHT D C.Petrologic factors controlling coal gas contents of Fruitland Formation coals,San Juan Basin,New Mexico[C]//AAPG Rocky Mountain Section Meeting.Billings,Montana:AAPG,1991.
[8] 田大争.塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞单元结构特征研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2013. TIAN Dazhen.Study on structure characteristics of carbonate fracture-cave unit in Tahe Oilfield[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum (East China),2013.
[9] 刘兴艳,肖玲,白生海.青海省鱼卡煤田尕秀西段矿区供水与矿井充水水文地质条件分析[J].中国煤炭地质,2006,18(5):31-34. LIU Xinyan,XIAO Ling,BAI Shenghai.Hydrogeological analysis of mining area water supply and mine water filling in Gaxiu West Segment,Iqe Coalfield,Qaidam Basin[J].Coal Geology of China,2006,18(5):31-34.
[10] 张华,徐磊,范炳恒,等.两淮地区深部煤储层含气性预测[J].安徽地质,2002,12(1):35-38. ZHANG Hua,XU Lei,FAN Bingheng,et al.Prognosis of gas-bearing capacity of deep-seated coal bed in the Huainan and Huaibei areas[J].Geology of Anhui,2002,12(1):35-38.
[11] 朱苏阳,李传亮,杜志敏,等.煤层气开采过程中的逸散[J].新疆石油地质,2016,37(3):321-326. ZHU Suyang,LI Chuanliang,DU Zhimin,et al.Escaping loss of coal-bed methane during production[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2016,37(3):321-326.
[12] 李明.构造煤结构演化及成因机制[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013. LI Ming.Structure evolution and deformation mechanism of tectonically deformed coal[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2013.