基于电热系统联合规划的城市商住混合区能源站优化配置
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摘要
针对城市能源需求日益增大、分布式光伏发电具有不确定性、商住混合区供热供电独立规划导致能源综合效率不高的问题,基于电热系统联合规划研究城市商住混合区能源站优化配置。首先,考虑光伏出力的不确定性,建立了典型日各时段光伏出力的多状态模型。其次,分别以一定置信度下的年费用和运行费用最小作为上、下层目标函数,提出了嵌入机会约束规划的城市商住混合区能源站接入区域电网、热网的二层规划模型。该模型基于电-热网络综合潮流,考虑了可控分布式综合能源单元的优化调度,因而仿真模拟更符合系统的实际运行,结果更准确。最后,采用分段二进制编码和精英保留策略遗传算法对所提出模型进行求解。北方某城市商住混合区算例结果表明:与电热分产相比,区域电-热系统联合规划能够有效地减少运行费用和污染物排放;随着系统供能可靠性的提升其经济性将有所下降,所以规划时应结合成本增加灵敏度和系统实际要求来权衡经济性和可靠性。
To address the problems of increasing uncertainty caused by distributed generation and lower efficiency of energy system planned separately in urban hybrid area of commerce and residence, the optimum configuration of energy stations in urban hybrid area of commerce and residence is studied based on the integrated planning of electrical and heat system. First, the multi-state models of photovoltaic during each period in typical days are built. Then, the bi-level programming model of the new-built energy stations in electrical and heat network near consumers is presented, whose upper and lower objectives are the minimum of the annual and operating costs separately under some confidence level based on chance constrained programming. Optimum dispatch of the controlled distributed energy unit is also considered based on the electrical and heat power flow, which conforms to the real operation of the system, thus the final calculation is more accurate. Last, the elitist strategy genetic algorithm based on segmented chromosome coding is applied to solve the proposed model. The simulation results indicate that the integrated planning contributes to a lower operating cost and less emission of pollutants, also higher reliability of system brings about the decreasing economy, thus both the sensitivity of capital's improvement and the real requirements of system should be considered to keep a balance between the economy and reliability.
To address the problems of increasing uncertainty caused by distributed generation and lower efficiency of energy system planned separately in urban hybrid area of commerce and residence, the optimum configuration of energy stations in urban hybrid area of commerce and residence is studied based on the integrated planning of electrical and heat system. First, the multi-state models of photovoltaic during each period in typical days are built. Then, the bi-level programming model of the new-built energy stations in electrical and heat network near consumers is presented, whose upper and lower objectives are the minimum of the annual and operating costs separately under some confidence level based on chance constrained programming. Optimum dispatch of the controlled distributed energy unit is also considered based on the electrical and heat power flow, which conforms to the real operation of the system, thus the final calculation is more accurate. Last, the elitist strategy genetic algorithm based on segmented chromosome coding is applied to solve the proposed model. The simulation results indicate that the integrated planning contributes to a lower operating cost and less emission of pollutants, also higher reliability of system brings about the decreasing economy, thus both the sensitivity of capital's improvement and the real requirements of system should be considered to keep a balance between the economy and reliability.
引文
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[15]白牧可,唐巍,张璐,等.基于机会约束规划的DG与配电网架多目标协调规划[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(10):346-354.BAI Muke,TANG Wei,ZHANG Lu,et al.Multi-objective coordinated planning of distribution network incorporating distributed generation based on chance constrained programming[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(10):346-354.
[2]徐飞,闵勇,陈磊,等.包含大容量储热的电–热联合系统[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(29):5063-5072.XU Fei,MIN Yong,CHEN Lei,et al.Combined electricity-heat operation system containing large capacity thermal energy storage[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(29):5063-5072.
[3]王成山,洪博文,郭力,等.冷热电联供微网优化调度通用建模方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(31):26-33.WANG Chengshan,HONG Bowen,GUO Li,et al.A general modeling method for optimal dispatch of combined cooling,heating and power microgrid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(31):26-33.
[4]CARLOS R M,JAVIER U M,AMAYA M G,et al.Design optimization of a poly-generation plant fuelled by natural gas and renewable energy sources[J].Applied Energy,2011,88(2):449-457.
[5]刘振国,胡亚平,陈炯聪,等.基于双层优化的微电网系统规划设计方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(8):124-133.LIU Zhenguo,HU Yaping,CHEN Jiongcong,et al.A planning and design method for microgrid based on two-stage optimization[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(8):124-133.
[6]丁明,田龙刚,潘浩,等.交直流混合微电网运行控制策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(9):1-8.DING Ming,TIAN Longgang,PAN Hao,et al.Research on control strategy of hybrid AC/DC microgrid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(9):1-8.
[7]AKOMENO O,RUCHI C,ADAM B.Distributed energy resource system optimization using mixed integer linear programming[J].Energy Policy,2013,61:249-266.
[8]成思琪,刘俊勇,向月,等.微网中混储/柴协调运行策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(7):42-50.CHENG Siqi,LIU Junyong,XIANG Yue,et al.Research on optimal coordinated operation for microgrid with hybrid energy storage and diesel generator[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(7):42-50.
[9]陈洁,杨秀,朱兰,等.基于遗传算法的热电联产型微网经济运行优化[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(8):7-15.CHEN Jie,YANG Xiu,ZHU Lan,et al.Genetic algorithm based economic operation optimization of a combined heat and power microgrid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(8):7-15.
[10]赵峰,张承慧,孙波,等.冷热电联供系统的三级协同整体优化设计方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(15):3785-3793.ZHAO Feng,ZHANG Chenghui,SUN Bo,et al.Threestage collaborative global optimization design method of combined cooling heating and power[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(15):3785-3793.
[11]王进,李欣然,杨洪明,等.与电力系统协同区域型分布式冷热电联供能源系统集成方案[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(16):16-21.WANG Jin,LI Xinran,YANG Hongming,et al.An integration scheme for DES/CCHP coordinated with power system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(16):16-21.
[12]荣秋生,颜君彪,郭国强.基于DBSCAN聚类算法的研究与实现[J].计算机应用,2004,24(4):45-46,61.RONG Qiusheng,YAN Junbiao,GUO Guoqiang.Research and implementation of clustering algorithm based on DBSCAN[J].Computer Applications,2004,24(4):45-46,61.
[13]郭金明,李欣然,邓威,等.基于2层规划的间歇性分布式电源及无功补偿综合优化配置[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(28):25-33.GUO Jinming,LI Xinran,DENG Wei,et al.Comprehensive optimal allocation of intermittent distributed generation and reactive power compensation based on bi-level planning[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(28):25-33.
[14]张璐,唐巍,丛鹏伟,等.含光伏发电的配电网有功无功资源综合优化配置[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(31):5525-5533.ZHANG Lu,TANG Wei,CONG Pengwei,et al.Optimal configuration of active-reactive power sources in distribution network with photovoltaic generation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(31):5525-5533.
[15]白牧可,唐巍,张璐,等.基于机会约束规划的DG与配电网架多目标协调规划[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(10):346-354.BAI Muke,TANG Wei,ZHANG Lu,et al.Multi-objective coordinated planning of distribution network incorporating distributed generation based on chance constrained programming[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(10):346-354.