帆布带式马铃薯挖掘-残膜回收联合作业机设计与试验
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摘要
为解决西北旱区大面积推广马铃薯大垄双行覆膜栽培模式所造成的田间残膜污染问题,设计了帆布带式马铃薯挖掘-残膜回收联合作业机,实现了马铃薯挖掘收获与残膜回收的一体化作业。通过对样机防缠绕装置、帆布带式送膜装置及浮动卷膜装置关键工作参数进行计算分析,确定影响联合回收机残膜回收率的相关试验因素及其取值范围。依照Box-Behnken试验设计原理,采用四因素三水平响应面分析方法,建立了作业机前进速度、卷膜驱动辊转速、输膜轴转速和输膜板倾角与残膜回收率之间的数学模型,并对各因素及其交互作用进行分析。试验结果表明:4个因素对残膜回收率影响的主次顺序为:卷膜驱动辊转速、作业机前进速度、输膜轴转速和输膜板倾角;联合回收机最佳工作参数为:作业机前进速度0.72 m/s、卷膜驱动辊转速303 r/min、输膜轴转速499 r/min、输膜板倾角29°。验证试验表明,联合回收机残膜回收率均值为92.1%,较优化前有明显提升;同时在此工作参数条件下,作业机明薯率为96.6%、伤薯率为2.2%,各项作业指标均达到国家和行业标准要求。
According to the problems of field plastic film pollution with film mulching of double rows on a big ridge cultivation pattern of potato in northwest arid area of China,the canvas belt combined operation machine for potato harvesting and plastic film collecting was designed, which had synchronous implementation function of potato harvesting and plastic film collecting. Based on design and calculation analysis of key operation parts for prototype,the operation parameters of anti-twining device,canvas belt transporting film device and floating curl-up film mechanism were determined. The related experimental factors and their range of values were determined which affected the plastic film collecting ratio of the combined recovery machine. The Box-Behnken experimental design with four factors and three levels was performed,the mathematical models between the key parameters such as operation machine speed,filmcurling driving roller rotating speed,transporting film axis rotating speed,transporting film sheet dip angle and plastic film collecting ratio were established,and then the effects of various parameters and their interactions were analyzed as well. The test results showed that effects order of four parameters on the plastic film collecting ratio were as follows: film-curling driving roller rotating speed,operation machine speed,transporting film axis rotating speed and transporting film sheet dip angle. The optimal working parameters were combined operation machine speed of 0. 72 m/s,film-curling driving roller rotating speed of 303 r/min,transporting film axis rotating speed of 499 r/min and transporting film sheet dip angle of 29°. Confirmatory tests showed that the average value of the plastic film collecting ratio was 92. 1%,compared with before the optimization it was dropped significantly. At the same time,under the operating parameters the obvious ratio of potato was 96. 6% and the injury ratio of potato was 2. 2%,which were up to the relevant work quality evaluation specification requirements.
According to the problems of field plastic film pollution with film mulching of double rows on a big ridge cultivation pattern of potato in northwest arid area of China,the canvas belt combined operation machine for potato harvesting and plastic film collecting was designed, which had synchronous implementation function of potato harvesting and plastic film collecting. Based on design and calculation analysis of key operation parts for prototype,the operation parameters of anti-twining device,canvas belt transporting film device and floating curl-up film mechanism were determined. The related experimental factors and their range of values were determined which affected the plastic film collecting ratio of the combined recovery machine. The Box-Behnken experimental design with four factors and three levels was performed,the mathematical models between the key parameters such as operation machine speed,filmcurling driving roller rotating speed,transporting film axis rotating speed,transporting film sheet dip angle and plastic film collecting ratio were established,and then the effects of various parameters and their interactions were analyzed as well. The test results showed that effects order of four parameters on the plastic film collecting ratio were as follows: film-curling driving roller rotating speed,operation machine speed,transporting film axis rotating speed and transporting film sheet dip angle. The optimal working parameters were combined operation machine speed of 0. 72 m/s,film-curling driving roller rotating speed of 303 r/min,transporting film axis rotating speed of 499 r/min and transporting film sheet dip angle of 29°. Confirmatory tests showed that the average value of the plastic film collecting ratio was 92. 1%,compared with before the optimization it was dropped significantly. At the same time,under the operating parameters the obvious ratio of potato was 96. 6% and the injury ratio of potato was 2. 2%,which were up to the relevant work quality evaluation specification requirements.
引文
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17 由佳翰,陈学庚,张本华,等.4JSM-2000型棉秆粉碎与残膜回收联合作业机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(10):10-16.YOU Jiahan,CHEN Xuegeng,ZHANG Benhua,et al.Design and experiment of 4JSM-2000 type combined operation machine for cotton stalk chopping and residual plastic film collecting[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(10):10-16.(in Chinese)
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22 吕金庆,田忠恩,杨颖,等.4U2A型双行马铃薯挖掘机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(6):17-24.L Jinqing,TIAN Zhongen,YANG Ying,et al.Design and experimental analysis of 4U2A type double-row potato digger[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(6):17-24.(in Chinese)
2 戴飞,辛尚龙,赵武云,等.全膜面覆土式马铃薯播种联合作业机设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(3):76-83 ,56.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20170309&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.03.009.DAI Fei,XIN Shanglong,ZHAO Wuyun,et al.Design and experiment of potato planter combined machine for covering soil on the top of full film surface[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(3):76-83,56.(in Chinese)
3 孙伟,刘小龙,石林榕,等.刮板升运带式膜上覆土装置覆土特性[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(7):38-45.SUN Wei,LIU Xiaolong,SHI Linrong,et al.Covering soil on plastic-film characteristics of scraper lifting belt mechanism[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(7):38-45.(in Chinese)
4 王志超,李仙岳,史海滨,等.农膜残留对土壤水动力参数及土壤结构的影响[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(5):101-106 ,140.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20150515&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.015.WANG Zhichao,LI Xianyue,SHI Haibin,et al.Effects of residual plastic film on soil hydrodynamic parameters and soil structure[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(5):101-106,140.(in Chinese)
5 戴飞,赵武云,孙伟,等.马铃薯收获与气力辅助残膜回收联合作业机设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(1):64 -72.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20170109&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.01.009.DAI Fei,ZHAO Wuyun,SUN Wei,et al.Design and experiment of combined operation machine for potato harvesting and plastic film pneumatic auxiliary collecting[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(1):64-72 .(in Chinese)
6 赵岩,陈学庚,温浩军,等.农田残膜污染治理技术研究现状与展望[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(6):1-14.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20170601&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.06.001.ZHAO Yan,CHEN Xuegeng,WEN Haojun,et al.Research status and prospect of control technology for residual plastic film pollution in farmland[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(6):1-14.(in Chinese)
7 王吉奎,付威,王卫兵,等.SMS-1500型秸秆粉碎与残膜回收机的设计[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(7):168-172.WANG Jikui,FU Wei,WANG Weibing,et al.Design of SMS-1500 type straw chopping and plastic film residue collecting machine[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(7):168-172.(in Chinese)
8 谢建华,侯书林,付宇,等.残膜回收机弹齿式拾膜机构运动分析与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(增刊1):94-99 .http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=2013s118&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.S1.018.XIE Jianhua,HOU Shulin,FU Yu,et al.Motion analysis and experiment on spring-tooth mulching plastic film collector[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(Supp.1):94-99.(in Chinese)
9 杨丽,张东兴,侯书林,等.玉米苗期地膜回收机结构参数分析与试验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(12):29-34.YANG Li,ZHANG Dongxing,HOU Shulin,et al.Analysis of structural parameters and experiment of plastic film collector for corn fields during seedling period[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(12):29-34.(in Chinese)
10 李斌,王吉奎,胡凯,等.残膜回收机顺向脱膜机理分析与试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(21):23-28.LI Bin,WANG Jikui,HU Kai,et al.Analysis and test of forward film removing mechanism for polythene film collector[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(21):23-28.(in Chinese)
11 游兆延,胡志超,吴惠昌,等.1MCDS-100A型铲筛式残膜回收机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(9):10-18.YOU Zhaoyan,HU Zhichao,WU Huichang,et al.Design and experiment of 1MCDS-100A typed shovel-sieve residual film recovery machine[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(9):10-18.(in Chinese)
12 牛琪,纪超,赵岩,等.集条残膜打包机捡拾清理装置设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(5):101-107.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20170512&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.05.012.NIU Qi,JI Chao,ZHAO Yan,et al.Design and experiment on collecting and separating device for strip plastic film baler[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(5):101-107.(in Chinese)
13 吕钊钦,张磊,张广玲,等.链条导轨式地膜回收机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(18):48-54.LZhaoqin,ZHANG Lei,ZHANG Guangling,et al.Design and test of chain guide rail-type plastic film collector[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(18):48-54.(in Chinese)
14 中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册(下册)[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007.
15 戴飞,赵武云,张锋伟,等.玉米全膜双垄沟残膜回收机作业性能优化与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(18):50-60.DAI Fei,ZHAO Wuyun,ZHANG Fengwei,et al.Optimization and experiment of operating performance of collector for corn whole plastic film mulching on double ridges[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(18):50-60.(in Chinese)
16 郭笑欢.马铃薯挖掘与残膜回收一体机设计研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2017.GUO Xiaohuan.Design of the integrated machine for digging potato and recycling residual film[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2017.(in Chinese)
17 由佳翰,陈学庚,张本华,等.4JSM-2000型棉秆粉碎与残膜回收联合作业机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(10):10-16.YOU Jiahan,CHEN Xuegeng,ZHANG Benhua,et al.Design and experiment of 4JSM-2000 type combined operation machine for cotton stalk chopping and residual plastic film collecting[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(10):10-16.(in Chinese)
18 袁雪,祁力钧,王虎,等.温室摇摆式变量弥雾机喷雾参数响应面法优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(4):45-50.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20120410&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2012.04.010.YUAN Xue,QI Lijun,WANG Hu,et al.Spraying parameters optimization of swing,automatic variables and greenhouse mist sprayer with response surface method[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(4):45 -50.(in Chinese)
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