对虾大棚养殖废水悬浮物静沉降效果初步研究
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摘要
为探究对虾大棚养殖废水中悬浮物的性质和静沉降规律,采用大棚养殖废水中的悬浮物进行静沉降实验,表明虾塘废水的悬浮物一般小于200 mg/L,且粒径主要集中在11~150μm之间。在2 h左右静沉降后,悬浮物浓度能降低39%~46%;悬浮物的沉降速率随着沉降时间的增加而降低。前10 min,沉降速率在0.20 cm/s以上,且浓度越大,速率越大,随后逐渐减少。悬浮物是评估水产养殖废水达标排放的重要指标之一。本次试验获得了对虾废水废水悬浮物的基本特性以及静水沉降的一般规律,为今后优化对虾养殖废水的达标处理技术提供了参考依据,从而助推浙江省"五水共治"工程。
To explore properties and hydrostatic settling rule of the suspended solids in prawn greenhouse aquiculture waste water,the static sedimentation experiment of suspended solids has been accomplished.The result showed that concentration of suspended solids of waste water was generally less than 200 mg/L,but also particle size were mainly concentrated in 11-150 microns.After 2 h static settling,concentration of suspended solids could reduce 39%-46%; sedimentation rate of suspension reduced as settling time extended.Sedimentation rate was above 0.20 cm/s during the first 10 minutes.the greater the concentration,the more fast the rate.Then the rate would reduce gradually.suspended solids is one of the important indicators in waste water evaluation.This experiment achieved that the fundamental characteristics of suspended solids and general rule of hydrostatic settling of shrimp suspended solids.For future,it could provide a scientific reference for technology development on waste water treatment.
To explore properties and hydrostatic settling rule of the suspended solids in prawn greenhouse aquiculture waste water,the static sedimentation experiment of suspended solids has been accomplished.The result showed that concentration of suspended solids of waste water was generally less than 200 mg/L,but also particle size were mainly concentrated in 11-150 microns.After 2 h static settling,concentration of suspended solids could reduce 39%-46%; sedimentation rate of suspension reduced as settling time extended.Sedimentation rate was above 0.20 cm/s during the first 10 minutes.the greater the concentration,the more fast the rate.Then the rate would reduce gradually.suspended solids is one of the important indicators in waste water evaluation.This experiment achieved that the fundamental characteristics of suspended solids and general rule of hydrostatic settling of shrimp suspended solids.For future,it could provide a scientific reference for technology development on waste water treatment.
引文
[1]华建权,郑忠明,陈辉煌,等.凡纳滨对虾池塘不同混养模式技术的研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2014,33(5):455-457.
[2]徐志进,李伟业,傅荣兵,等.不同养殖模式对凡纳滨对虾生长与营养成分的影响[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2015,34(1):15-19.
[3]杭小英,周志明,李倩,等.不同养殖模式对南美白对虾生长、病害发生与水质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(5):191-192.
[4]魏逸峰.甘蔗渣在凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)高位池养殖中应用的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
[5]叶建勇,单洪伟,李色东,等.甘蔗渣悬浮颗粒和芽孢杆菌在凡纳滨对虾高位池养殖中的应用[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2016,35(2):132-136.
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[7]于冬冬.海水循环水养殖系统中微细颗粒去除技术的研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2014.
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[9]黄建维.粘性泥沙在静水中沉降特性的试验研究[J].泥沙研究,1981(2):30-41.
[10]向军,逄勇,李一平,等.浅水湖泊水体中不同颗粒悬浮物静沉降规律研究[J].水科学进展,2008,19(1):111-115.
[11]杨逸萍,王增焕,孙建,等.精养虾池主要水化学因子变化规律和氮的收支[J].海洋科学,1999(1):15-17.
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[13]张扬宗,谭玉钧,欧阳海.中国池塘养鱼学[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.
[14]LORENZEN K,STRUVE J,COWAN V J.Impact of farming intensity and water management on nitrogen dynamics in intensive pond culture:a mathematical model applied to Thaicommercial shrimp farms[J].Aquaculture Res,1997,28(7):493-507.
[15]COREA A S L E,JAYASINGHE J M P K,EKARATNE S U K,et al.对虾养殖对Dutch运河(斯里兰卡对虾养殖业的主要水源)的环境影响[J].Ambio:人类环境杂志,1995,24(增刊):423-427.
[16]林继辉,许忠能,林小涛,等.养虾废水生物处理过程中营养负荷的动态变化[J].生态科学,2003,22(2):133-137.
[17]陶玲,李谷,袁龙义,等.人工湿地冬季净化减排水产养殖废水效果[J].淡水渔业,2009,39(4):59-62.
[18]TANNER C C.Plants for constructed wetland treatment systems:A comparison of the growth and nutrient uptake of eight emergent species[J].Ecological Engineering,1996,7(1):59-83.
[19]BARRUT B,BLANCHETON J P,CALLIER M,et al.Foam fractionation efficiency of a vacuum airlift:Application to particulate matter removal in recirculating systems[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2012,54:16-21.
[20]郑瑞东,李田,刘鹰.泡沫分离法在工厂化养殖废水处理中的应用研究[J].渔业现代化,2005(2):33-35.
[21]宋德敬,尚静,姜辉.蛋白质分离器中的不同臭氧浓度对工厂化养殖净水效果的试验[J].水产学报,2005,29(5):719-723.
[22]周煊亦,房燕,曹广斌,等.臭氧处理技术在工厂化水产养殖中的应用研究[J].水产学杂志,2015,25(1):49-57.
[23]于金旗.臭氧-陶瓷膜耦合系统在水产养殖循环水处理中的应用[D].大连:大连理工大学,2015.
[24]裴宇.凡纳滨对虾与金钱鱼混养对池塘生态因子及能量收支的影响[D].湛江:广东海洋大学,2012.
[25]申玉春,叶富良,梁国潘,等.虾-鱼-贝-藻多池循环水生态养殖模式的研究[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2004,24(4):10-16.
[26]粟丽,朱长波,陈素文.混养罗非鱼对凡纳滨对虾养殖围隔中悬浮颗粒物和弧菌数量的影响[J].南方水产科学,2015,11(6):19-26.
[27]孔谦.凡纳滨对虾与鲻鱼混养中精养池的理化生物因子的研究[D].湛江:广东海洋大学,2010.
[2]徐志进,李伟业,傅荣兵,等.不同养殖模式对凡纳滨对虾生长与营养成分的影响[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2015,34(1):15-19.
[3]杭小英,周志明,李倩,等.不同养殖模式对南美白对虾生长、病害发生与水质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(5):191-192.
[4]魏逸峰.甘蔗渣在凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)高位池养殖中应用的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
[5]叶建勇,单洪伟,李色东,等.甘蔗渣悬浮颗粒和芽孢杆菌在凡纳滨对虾高位池养殖中的应用[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2016,35(2):132-136.
[6]YINGKAJORN M,MITRAPARP-ARTHORN P,NUANUALSUWAN S,et al.Prevalence and quantification of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus during shrimp culture in Thailand[J].Dis Aquat Org,2014,112(2):103-111.
[7]于冬冬.海水循环水养殖系统中微细颗粒去除技术的研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2014.
[8]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB17378.4-2007海洋监测规范第4部分:海水分析[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[9]黄建维.粘性泥沙在静水中沉降特性的试验研究[J].泥沙研究,1981(2):30-41.
[10]向军,逄勇,李一平,等.浅水湖泊水体中不同颗粒悬浮物静沉降规律研究[J].水科学进展,2008,19(1):111-115.
[11]杨逸萍,王增焕,孙建,等.精养虾池主要水化学因子变化规律和氮的收支[J].海洋科学,1999(1):15-17.
[12]刘国才,李德尚,卢静,等.对虾养殖围隔生态系颗粒悬浮物的研究[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(3):350-352.
[13]张扬宗,谭玉钧,欧阳海.中国池塘养鱼学[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.
[14]LORENZEN K,STRUVE J,COWAN V J.Impact of farming intensity and water management on nitrogen dynamics in intensive pond culture:a mathematical model applied to Thaicommercial shrimp farms[J].Aquaculture Res,1997,28(7):493-507.
[15]COREA A S L E,JAYASINGHE J M P K,EKARATNE S U K,et al.对虾养殖对Dutch运河(斯里兰卡对虾养殖业的主要水源)的环境影响[J].Ambio:人类环境杂志,1995,24(增刊):423-427.
[16]林继辉,许忠能,林小涛,等.养虾废水生物处理过程中营养负荷的动态变化[J].生态科学,2003,22(2):133-137.
[17]陶玲,李谷,袁龙义,等.人工湿地冬季净化减排水产养殖废水效果[J].淡水渔业,2009,39(4):59-62.
[18]TANNER C C.Plants for constructed wetland treatment systems:A comparison of the growth and nutrient uptake of eight emergent species[J].Ecological Engineering,1996,7(1):59-83.
[19]BARRUT B,BLANCHETON J P,CALLIER M,et al.Foam fractionation efficiency of a vacuum airlift:Application to particulate matter removal in recirculating systems[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2012,54:16-21.
[20]郑瑞东,李田,刘鹰.泡沫分离法在工厂化养殖废水处理中的应用研究[J].渔业现代化,2005(2):33-35.
[21]宋德敬,尚静,姜辉.蛋白质分离器中的不同臭氧浓度对工厂化养殖净水效果的试验[J].水产学报,2005,29(5):719-723.
[22]周煊亦,房燕,曹广斌,等.臭氧处理技术在工厂化水产养殖中的应用研究[J].水产学杂志,2015,25(1):49-57.
[23]于金旗.臭氧-陶瓷膜耦合系统在水产养殖循环水处理中的应用[D].大连:大连理工大学,2015.
[24]裴宇.凡纳滨对虾与金钱鱼混养对池塘生态因子及能量收支的影响[D].湛江:广东海洋大学,2012.
[25]申玉春,叶富良,梁国潘,等.虾-鱼-贝-藻多池循环水生态养殖模式的研究[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2004,24(4):10-16.
[26]粟丽,朱长波,陈素文.混养罗非鱼对凡纳滨对虾养殖围隔中悬浮颗粒物和弧菌数量的影响[J].南方水产科学,2015,11(6):19-26.
[27]孔谦.凡纳滨对虾与鲻鱼混养中精养池的理化生物因子的研究[D].湛江:广东海洋大学,2010.