不同品种甘蔗生长对氮肥的响应与利用
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摘要
本文以研究区当家甘蔗品种台糖22(ROC22)、柳城5136(LC5136)、粤糖236(YT236)为材料,设5个不同氮肥施用量,研究施氮量对不同品种甘蔗生长及氮肥利用的影响。结果表明:(1)施氮量增加,3种甘蔗的茎重和产量先增加后无显著变化。ROC22和LC5136在施氮量为351.9 kg/hm2时较为适宜,而YT236在234.6 kg/hm2时较适宜;ROC22的产量最高,分别比LC5136和YT236增产8.6%和40%。(2)随施氮量的提高,LC5136和YT236的产糖量呈先增加后无明显变化的趋势。ROC22的产糖量在施氮量为351.9kg/hm2时显著大于无氮处理的,但不同施肥量处理间无显著差异;ROC22的平均产糖量分别比LC5136和YT236高20%和57%。(3)随着施氮量的增加,ROC22和YT236的氮肥利用率呈递减趋势,施氮量为117.3kg/hm2时利用率最高。而LC5136的肥料利用率呈递增趋势,施氮量为469.2 kg/hm2时利用率最高;ROC22的氮肥利用率比LC5136和YT236的均高出10个百分点。综合考虑甘蔗产量、产糖量、氮肥利用率的情况,氮肥用量为351.9kg/hm2时,对ROC22和LC5136较适宜,而在234.6kg/hm2时,对YT236较适宜。在研究区种植甘蔗ROC22明显优于LC5136和YT236。
The aim was to investigate the optimum nitrogen(N) fertilizer application for different sugarcanes varieties to conserve resources and reduce pollution.Using three main local sugarcanes varieties,ROC22,LC5136,and YT236,for experiments,5 levels of N fertilizers quantities were set to study the effects of N fertilizer application on different sugarcanes varieties.The results showed that:(1) The weight of stem and yield of all three sugarcanes varieties increased with N fertilizers increased,followed by no significant change.The best application rate for ROC22 and LC5136 was 351.9 kg/hm2,while that for YT236 was 234.6 kg/hm2.The yield of ROC22 was the highest,which was more than LC5136 and YT236 for 8.6% and 40%,respectively.(2) The sugar yield of LC5136 and YT236 increased with increasing N fertilizer,followed by leveling off.The sugar yield of ROC22 with N application of 351.9 kg/hm2 was significantly higher than no N application,but no obvious difference for different N applications.The average sugar yield of ROC22 was 20% and 57% higher than that of LC5136 and YT236.(3) The effect of N application on three sugarcanes varieties was different.With increasing N application,the use efficiency of N fertilizer of ROC22 and YT236 showed decreasing trend,reaching highest efficiency at 117.3 kg/hm2.The use efficiency of N fertilizer of ROC22 was 10% higher than that of LC5316 and YT236.Considering the yield of sugarcanes,yield of sugar,and use efficiency of N fertilizer,the optimum N fertilizer application for ROC22 and LC5136 was 351.9 kg/hm2,while that of YT236 was 234.6 kg/hm2.The growth of ROC22 in the study area was obviously better than LC5136 and YT236.
The aim was to investigate the optimum nitrogen(N) fertilizer application for different sugarcanes varieties to conserve resources and reduce pollution.Using three main local sugarcanes varieties,ROC22,LC5136,and YT236,for experiments,5 levels of N fertilizers quantities were set to study the effects of N fertilizer application on different sugarcanes varieties.The results showed that:(1) The weight of stem and yield of all three sugarcanes varieties increased with N fertilizers increased,followed by no significant change.The best application rate for ROC22 and LC5136 was 351.9 kg/hm2,while that for YT236 was 234.6 kg/hm2.The yield of ROC22 was the highest,which was more than LC5136 and YT236 for 8.6% and 40%,respectively.(2) The sugar yield of LC5136 and YT236 increased with increasing N fertilizer,followed by leveling off.The sugar yield of ROC22 with N application of 351.9 kg/hm2 was significantly higher than no N application,but no obvious difference for different N applications.The average sugar yield of ROC22 was 20% and 57% higher than that of LC5136 and YT236.(3) The effect of N application on three sugarcanes varieties was different.With increasing N application,the use efficiency of N fertilizer of ROC22 and YT236 showed decreasing trend,reaching highest efficiency at 117.3 kg/hm2.The use efficiency of N fertilizer of ROC22 was 10% higher than that of LC5316 and YT236.Considering the yield of sugarcanes,yield of sugar,and use efficiency of N fertilizer,the optimum N fertilizer application for ROC22 and LC5136 was 351.9 kg/hm2,while that of YT236 was 234.6 kg/hm2.The growth of ROC22 in the study area was obviously better than LC5136 and YT236.
引文
[1]韦巧,杨宝玲,高振江.我国甘蔗产业化现状浅析[J].农机化研究,2015,37(4):247-254.
[2]刘哲.河南省西平县“一村一品”发展现状及战略研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[3]Bassi D,Menossi M,Mattiello L.Nitrogen supply influences photosynthesis establishment along the sugarcane leaf[J].Scientific Reports,2018,8(1):2327.
[4]Vieira-Megda M X,Mariano E,Leite J M,et al.Contribution of fertilizer nitrogen to the total nitrogen extracted by sugarcane under Brazilian field conditions[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2015,101(2):241-257.
[5]Brackin R,Nasholm T,Robinson N,et al.Nitrogen fluxes at the root-soil interface show a mismatch of nitrogen fertilizer supply and sugarcane root uptake capacity[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:15727.
[6]Nurhidayati N,Basit A.Improvement of nitrogen use efficiency derived from ammonium sulfate substitute fertilizer in sugarcane cultivation through the addition of organic amendment[J].International Journal of Plant&Soil Science,2015,6(6):341-349.
[7]徐媛,莫建文,吴少维,等.施氮量和氮肥运筹模式对甘蔗前期生长的影响[J].中国糖料,2011,33(1):20-22.
[8]Meier E A,Thorbum P J.Long term sugarcane crop residue retention offers limited potential to reduce nitrogen fertilizer rates in Australian wet tropical environments[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2016,7:1017.
[9]安玉兴,郑学文,杨俊贤,等.湛江蔗区甘蔗虫害调研及产业健康发展建议[J].甘蔗糖业,2013,42(4):36-40.
[10]韦剑锋,李生,陈超君,等.施氮量对甘蔗伸长期氮肥效率及氮素去向的影响[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(9):59-61.
[11]谢金兰,陈引芝,朱秋珍,等.氮肥施用量与施用方法对甘蔗生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(31):237-242.
[12]Paungfoo-Lonhienne C,Yeoh Y K,Kasinadhuni N R P,et al.Nitrogen fertilizer dose alters fungal communities in sugarcane soil and rhizosphere[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:8678.
[13]Vieira-Megda M X,Mariano E,Leite J M,et al.Contribution of fertilizer nitrogen to the total nitrogen extracted by sugarcane under Brazilian field conditions[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2015,101(2):241-257.
[14]韦剑锋,梁启新,陈超君,等.施氮量对甘蔗氮素吸收与利用的影响[J].广东农业科学,2011,38(19):66-68.
[15]Franco H C J,Otto R,Vitti A C,et al.Residual recovery and yield performance of nitrogen fertilizer applied at sugarcane planting[J].Scientia Agricola,2015,72(6):528-534.
[16]Fortes C,Trivelin P C O,Vitti A C,et al.Stalk and sucrose yield in response to nitrogen fertilization of sugarcane under reduced tillage Produtividade de colmo e sacarose em respostaàaduba??o nitrogenada da cana-de-a?úcar,sob preparo reduzido[J].Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira,2013,48(1):88-96.
[17]Anderson D L.A review:soils,nutrition,and fertility practices of the Florida sugarcane industry[J].Proceedings Soil&Crop Science Society of Florida,1990,49(3):78-87.
[18]Shekinah D E,Sundara B,Rakkiyappan P.Relative significance of N nutrition on yield,quality and ethanol in sugarcane(Saccharum species hybrid)plant:ratoon system[J].Sugar Tech,2012,14(2):134-137.
[19]胡雷,彭争,栗林.营养元素对甘蔗产量和品质的影响与对策[J].广西糖业,2013,19(3):47-50.
[20]Rhein A F L,Pincelli R P,Arantes M T,et al.Technological quality and yield of sugarcane grown under nitrogen doses via subsurface drip fertigation[J].Revista Brasileira De Engenharia Agrícola E Ambiental,2016,20(3):209-214.
[21]Dordas C A,Lithourgidis A S,Matsi T,et al.Application of liquid cattle manure and inorganic fertilizers affect dry matter,nitrogen accumulation,and partitioning in maize[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2008,80(3):283-296.
[22]Barker A V,Pilbeam D J.Handbook of plant nutrition[M].Boca Raton:CRC Press,2007:21-120.
[23]Bastos A V S,Oliveira R C D,Silva N F D,et al.Productivity and dry matter accumulation of sugarcane crop under irrigation and nitrogen application at Rio Verde GO,Brazil[J].American Journal of Plant Sciences,2015,6(14):2374-2384.
[24]Vale D W D,Prado R D M,Cruz F J R.Nitrogen fertilizer effect in production,nutrient accumulation and nitrogen efficiency use of second ratoon sugarcane harvested without straw burning[J].Australian Journal of Crop Science,2017,11(5):616-623.
[25]甘仪梅,杨本鹏,曾军,等.甘蔗新台糖22号的干物质及氮素积累与分配特征[J].热带作物学报,2013,34(9):1742-1746.
[26]Otto R,Castro S A Q,Mariano E,et al.Nitrogen use efficiency for sugarcane-biofuel production:what is next[J].Bioenergy Research,2016,9(4):1-18.
[27]Achieng G O,Nyandere S O,Philip O,et al.Effects of rate and split application of nitrogen fertilizer on yield of two sugarcane varieties from ratoon crop[J].Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2013,3(3):235-239.
[28]Cassman K G,Pingali P L.Extrapolating trends from long-term experiments to farmers.Fields:the case of irrigated rice systems in Asia[M]//Barnetted V.Agricultural sustainability in economic,environmental and statistical terms.London,UK:John Wiley and Sons,Ltd,1995:63-68.
[29]冯洋,陈海飞,胡孝明,等.高、中、低产田水稻适宜施氮量和氮肥利用率的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(1):7-16.
[30]Suman A,Shrivastava A K,Gaur A,et al.Nitrogen use efficiency of sugarcane in relation to its BNF potential and population of endophytic diazotrophs at different N levels[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2008,54(1):1-11.
[2]刘哲.河南省西平县“一村一品”发展现状及战略研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[3]Bassi D,Menossi M,Mattiello L.Nitrogen supply influences photosynthesis establishment along the sugarcane leaf[J].Scientific Reports,2018,8(1):2327.
[4]Vieira-Megda M X,Mariano E,Leite J M,et al.Contribution of fertilizer nitrogen to the total nitrogen extracted by sugarcane under Brazilian field conditions[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2015,101(2):241-257.
[5]Brackin R,Nasholm T,Robinson N,et al.Nitrogen fluxes at the root-soil interface show a mismatch of nitrogen fertilizer supply and sugarcane root uptake capacity[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:15727.
[6]Nurhidayati N,Basit A.Improvement of nitrogen use efficiency derived from ammonium sulfate substitute fertilizer in sugarcane cultivation through the addition of organic amendment[J].International Journal of Plant&Soil Science,2015,6(6):341-349.
[7]徐媛,莫建文,吴少维,等.施氮量和氮肥运筹模式对甘蔗前期生长的影响[J].中国糖料,2011,33(1):20-22.
[8]Meier E A,Thorbum P J.Long term sugarcane crop residue retention offers limited potential to reduce nitrogen fertilizer rates in Australian wet tropical environments[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2016,7:1017.
[9]安玉兴,郑学文,杨俊贤,等.湛江蔗区甘蔗虫害调研及产业健康发展建议[J].甘蔗糖业,2013,42(4):36-40.
[10]韦剑锋,李生,陈超君,等.施氮量对甘蔗伸长期氮肥效率及氮素去向的影响[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(9):59-61.
[11]谢金兰,陈引芝,朱秋珍,等.氮肥施用量与施用方法对甘蔗生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(31):237-242.
[12]Paungfoo-Lonhienne C,Yeoh Y K,Kasinadhuni N R P,et al.Nitrogen fertilizer dose alters fungal communities in sugarcane soil and rhizosphere[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:8678.
[13]Vieira-Megda M X,Mariano E,Leite J M,et al.Contribution of fertilizer nitrogen to the total nitrogen extracted by sugarcane under Brazilian field conditions[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2015,101(2):241-257.
[14]韦剑锋,梁启新,陈超君,等.施氮量对甘蔗氮素吸收与利用的影响[J].广东农业科学,2011,38(19):66-68.
[15]Franco H C J,Otto R,Vitti A C,et al.Residual recovery and yield performance of nitrogen fertilizer applied at sugarcane planting[J].Scientia Agricola,2015,72(6):528-534.
[16]Fortes C,Trivelin P C O,Vitti A C,et al.Stalk and sucrose yield in response to nitrogen fertilization of sugarcane under reduced tillage Produtividade de colmo e sacarose em respostaàaduba??o nitrogenada da cana-de-a?úcar,sob preparo reduzido[J].Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira,2013,48(1):88-96.
[17]Anderson D L.A review:soils,nutrition,and fertility practices of the Florida sugarcane industry[J].Proceedings Soil&Crop Science Society of Florida,1990,49(3):78-87.
[18]Shekinah D E,Sundara B,Rakkiyappan P.Relative significance of N nutrition on yield,quality and ethanol in sugarcane(Saccharum species hybrid)plant:ratoon system[J].Sugar Tech,2012,14(2):134-137.
[19]胡雷,彭争,栗林.营养元素对甘蔗产量和品质的影响与对策[J].广西糖业,2013,19(3):47-50.
[20]Rhein A F L,Pincelli R P,Arantes M T,et al.Technological quality and yield of sugarcane grown under nitrogen doses via subsurface drip fertigation[J].Revista Brasileira De Engenharia Agrícola E Ambiental,2016,20(3):209-214.
[21]Dordas C A,Lithourgidis A S,Matsi T,et al.Application of liquid cattle manure and inorganic fertilizers affect dry matter,nitrogen accumulation,and partitioning in maize[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2008,80(3):283-296.
[22]Barker A V,Pilbeam D J.Handbook of plant nutrition[M].Boca Raton:CRC Press,2007:21-120.
[23]Bastos A V S,Oliveira R C D,Silva N F D,et al.Productivity and dry matter accumulation of sugarcane crop under irrigation and nitrogen application at Rio Verde GO,Brazil[J].American Journal of Plant Sciences,2015,6(14):2374-2384.
[24]Vale D W D,Prado R D M,Cruz F J R.Nitrogen fertilizer effect in production,nutrient accumulation and nitrogen efficiency use of second ratoon sugarcane harvested without straw burning[J].Australian Journal of Crop Science,2017,11(5):616-623.
[25]甘仪梅,杨本鹏,曾军,等.甘蔗新台糖22号的干物质及氮素积累与分配特征[J].热带作物学报,2013,34(9):1742-1746.
[26]Otto R,Castro S A Q,Mariano E,et al.Nitrogen use efficiency for sugarcane-biofuel production:what is next[J].Bioenergy Research,2016,9(4):1-18.
[27]Achieng G O,Nyandere S O,Philip O,et al.Effects of rate and split application of nitrogen fertilizer on yield of two sugarcane varieties from ratoon crop[J].Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2013,3(3):235-239.
[28]Cassman K G,Pingali P L.Extrapolating trends from long-term experiments to farmers.Fields:the case of irrigated rice systems in Asia[M]//Barnetted V.Agricultural sustainability in economic,environmental and statistical terms.London,UK:John Wiley and Sons,Ltd,1995:63-68.
[29]冯洋,陈海飞,胡孝明,等.高、中、低产田水稻适宜施氮量和氮肥利用率的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(1):7-16.
[30]Suman A,Shrivastava A K,Gaur A,et al.Nitrogen use efficiency of sugarcane in relation to its BNF potential and population of endophytic diazotrophs at different N levels[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2008,54(1):1-11.