异食癖对哺乳期犊牛肠道黏膜通透性及粪便中大肠杆菌和双歧杆菌的影响
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摘要
为研究异食癖对哺乳期犊牛肠道黏膜通透性及粪便中大肠杆菌和双歧杆菌的影响,选择出生3 d,体重相近的犊牛作为研究对象,根据犊牛舔食牛毛、沙子等症状,犊牛表现为被毛粗乱、消瘦、前胃弛缓、腹泻和发育受阻,随机选择12头该症状犊牛为异食癖组,选择生长表现健康,无食牛毛、沙子等症状的12头犊牛作为正常组。结果表明,0～21日龄异食癖组犊牛粪便指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05),21和56日龄异食癖组犊牛粪便中大肠杆菌显著高于正常组(P<0.05),56日龄异食癖组犊牛粪便中双歧杆菌显著降低于正常组(P<0.05)。从肠道黏膜通透性标记物分析,异食癖组犊牛血液的二胺氧化酶(DAO)和D-乳酸盐(D-LA)浓度相对于正常组均有升高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05),异食癖组犊牛血液一氧化氮(NO)和内皮素-1(ET-1)浓度较正常组显著增加(P<0.05)。血清免疫指标分析,异食癖组犊牛血液IgA浓度均显著低于正常组(P<0.05)。异食癖犊牛肠道黏膜通透性增加,犊牛肠道有益菌和有害菌的比例受到破坏,进而影响肠道微生态平衡,降低了犊牛肠道免疫机能。
To study the effect of pica on intestinal mucosal permeability and Escherichia coli and Bifidobacteria in feces of calves in suckling period, the calves born three days and with similar body weight were selected as the study object. Divide these calves into two groups, the healthy group and the pica group, according to their symptoms that they lap their hair or sand. The 12 calves with coarse hair, weight loss, loose stomach, diarrhea, and obstructed development were selected into the pica group, while 12 healthy calves who had no those above symptoms were in the control group.The study found that the feces index of pica calves was significantly higher than the control group between 0 and 21 days of age(P<0.05). The E.coli in fecal samples from the 21 st and 56 th-day pica group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05), and the Bifidobacteria in the 56-day pica group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). Analysis of intestinal mucosal permeability markers showed that the diamine oxidase(DAO) and D-lactate(D-LA) concentrations in the calves' blood of the pica group increased compared with the control group, but the difference was not significant(P>0.05). The concentrations of nitric oxide(NO) and endothelin-1(ET-1) in the blood of calves from the pica group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). Analysis of serum immunological parameters showed that IgA concentrations in blood of calves from the pica group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). The results indicated that intestinal mucosal permeability increased, the proportion of beneficial bacteria and harmful bacteria was destroyed in the intestinal, which further affected the balance of intestinal microecology, and reduced the intestinal immune function.
To study the effect of pica on intestinal mucosal permeability and Escherichia coli and Bifidobacteria in feces of calves in suckling period, the calves born three days and with similar body weight were selected as the study object. Divide these calves into two groups, the healthy group and the pica group, according to their symptoms that they lap their hair or sand. The 12 calves with coarse hair, weight loss, loose stomach, diarrhea, and obstructed development were selected into the pica group, while 12 healthy calves who had no those above symptoms were in the control group.The study found that the feces index of pica calves was significantly higher than the control group between 0 and 21 days of age(P<0.05). The E.coli in fecal samples from the 21 st and 56 th-day pica group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05), and the Bifidobacteria in the 56-day pica group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). Analysis of intestinal mucosal permeability markers showed that the diamine oxidase(DAO) and D-lactate(D-LA) concentrations in the calves' blood of the pica group increased compared with the control group, but the difference was not significant(P>0.05). The concentrations of nitric oxide(NO) and endothelin-1(ET-1) in the blood of calves from the pica group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). Analysis of serum immunological parameters showed that IgA concentrations in blood of calves from the pica group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). The results indicated that intestinal mucosal permeability increased, the proportion of beneficial bacteria and harmful bacteria was destroyed in the intestinal, which further affected the balance of intestinal microecology, and reduced the intestinal immune function.
引文
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[14] 祁茹,林英庭.甘露寡糖及其在反刍动物中的应用[J].中国饲料,2011(4):24-28.
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[21] 李玉祥,石承先,张莹.急性胰腺炎胰腺一氧化氮合成酶和内皮素mRNA表达与肠道损伤的关系及丹参的影响[J].华西医学,2010,25(2):314-316.
[22] LIU X H,KIMURA T,ISHIKAWA H,et al.Effect of endothelin-1 on the development of hemorrhagic pancreatitis in rats[J].Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology,1995,30(2):275-277.
[23] 姜宁,张爱忠,李玲玲,等.蝇蛆肽对大鼠机体抗氧化和免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(4):561-566.
[24] KUDSK K A.Current aspects of mucosal immunology and its influence by nutrition[J].American Journal of Surgery,2002,183(4):390-398.
[25] MANTIS N J,FARRANT S A,MEHTA S.Oligosaccharide side chains on human secretory IgA serve as receptors for ricin[J].Journal of Immunology,2004,172(11):6 838-6 845.
[2] 杜柏林.乳牛常见病--异食癖[J].畜牧兽医科技信息,2010(2):49.
[3] 王绿叶,崔保国,李志静,等.日粮营养物质缺乏对畜禽异食癖的影响[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2015,36(9):24-25,29.
[4] 眭丹,周玉香,侯鹏霞.矿物质元素缺乏与畜禽异食癖的关系[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2013,34(1):97-98,100.
[5] 眭丹.矿物质与维生素缺乏引起舍饲滩羊异食癖发生机理的研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2014.
[6] FRIZZO L S,SOTO L P,ZBRUN M V,et al.Lactic acid bacteria to improve growth performance in young calves fed milk replacer and spray-dried whey powder[J].Animal Feed Science & Technology,2010,157(3):159-167.
[7] HEINRICHS A J,JONES C M,HEINRICHS B S.Effects of mannan oligosaccharide or antibiotics in neonatal diets on health and grow th of dairy calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(12) :4 064-4 069.
[8] 孙燕.微生物学实验指导[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2015.
[9] 谢杭谕.肠道菌群及其代谢产物短链脂肪酸和肠黏膜损伤标记物在HIV感染组和健康组的对比研究[D].四川泸州:西南医科大学,2017.
[10] MILLERCUSHONE K,DEVRIEST J.Invited review:Development and expression of dairy calf feeding behav [J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,2015,95(3):341-350.
[11] MOUNTZOURIS K C,MCCARTNEY A L,GIBSON G R.Intestinal microflora of human infants and current trends for its nutritional modulation[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2002,87(5):405-420.
[12] BEACHEY E H.Bacterial adherence:adhesin-receptor interactions mediating the attachment of bacteria to mucosal surface[J].Journal of Infectious Diseases,1981,143(3):325-345.
[13] 王长文,张岚,马洪波.双歧杆菌对肠黏膜粘附及免疫调节功能的研究进展[J].吉林医药学院学报,2010,31(1):42-45.
[14] 祁茹,林英庭.甘露寡糖及其在反刍动物中的应用[J].中国饲料,2011(4):24-28.
[15] 何昭阳,徐凤宇,管清华,等.犊牛腹泻与肠道菌群的变化[J].中国预防兽医学报,2000,22(05):26-27.
[16] 雷春龙,董国忠.肠道菌群对动物肠黏膜免疫的调控作用[J].动物营养学报2012,24(3):416-422.
[17] CRAPSER J,RITZEL R,VERMA R,et al.Ischemic stroke induces gut permeability and enhances bacterial translocation leading to sepsis in aged mice[J].Aging,2016,8(5):1 049-1 063.
[18] TACHé Y,PERDUE M H.Role of peripheral CRF signalling pathways in stress-related alterations of gut motility and mucosal function[J].Neurogastroenterology & Motility,2004,16(s1):137-142.
[19] MCCOLE D F,BARRETT K E.Epithelial transport and gut barrier function in colitis[J].Current Opinion in Gastroenterology,2003,19(6):578-582.
[20] 李生花,王建新.内皮素与一氧化氮和脂多糖的相互作用[J].青海医学院学报,2000(3):51-52.
[21] 李玉祥,石承先,张莹.急性胰腺炎胰腺一氧化氮合成酶和内皮素mRNA表达与肠道损伤的关系及丹参的影响[J].华西医学,2010,25(2):314-316.
[22] LIU X H,KIMURA T,ISHIKAWA H,et al.Effect of endothelin-1 on the development of hemorrhagic pancreatitis in rats[J].Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology,1995,30(2):275-277.
[23] 姜宁,张爱忠,李玲玲,等.蝇蛆肽对大鼠机体抗氧化和免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(4):561-566.
[24] KUDSK K A.Current aspects of mucosal immunology and its influence by nutrition[J].American Journal of Surgery,2002,183(4):390-398.
[25] MANTIS N J,FARRANT S A,MEHTA S.Oligosaccharide side chains on human secretory IgA serve as receptors for ricin[J].Journal of Immunology,2004,172(11):6 838-6 845.