基于区域生长算法的初至自动拾取方法
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摘要
提出了一种基于域生长算法的初至自动拾取方法。首先是由炮记录中的地震道计算其局部标准方差以及局部互相关等局部相似属性,从而形成局部相似属性道。然后将这些局部属性道作为域生长算法的输入,由区域生长算法根据事先设定的阈值和种子点自动识别出噪声区域和有效信号区域,两个区域的边界即为初至时刻。实例表明,该方法具有一定的抗噪性能,易于使用。
This paper presents a new method to pick the seismic first arrival automatically.First,local attributes such as local standard deviation and local cross-correlation are computed from one trace of shot record.The local attributes are calculated within moving windows along the seismic trace,so that local attributes traces are produced.Then region growing method is used to identify the valid signal region and noise signal region based on the local attributes traces.The location of the edge of the identified two regions can be considered as the first breaking time of the seismic trace.The method has been tested on real data sets,and the results show that,with an appropriate tuning of its parameters,the method is robust under noisy conditions,computationally efficient,and easy to apply.
This paper presents a new method to pick the seismic first arrival automatically.First,local attributes such as local standard deviation and local cross-correlation are computed from one trace of shot record.The local attributes are calculated within moving windows along the seismic trace,so that local attributes traces are produced.Then region growing method is used to identify the valid signal region and noise signal region based on the local attributes traces.The location of the edge of the identified two regions can be considered as the first breaking time of the seismic trace.The method has been tested on real data sets,and the results show that,with an appropriate tuning of its parameters,the method is robust under noisy conditions,computationally efficient,and easy to apply.
引文
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[2]张唤兰,朱光明,王云宏.基于时窗能量比和AIC的两步法微地震初至自动拾取[J].物探与化探,2013,37(2):269-273.Zhang H L,Zhu G M,Wang Y H.Automatic microseismic event detection and picking method[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2013,37(2):269-273.
[3]徐钰,段卫星,徐维秀,等.高精度初至自动拾取综合方法研究[J].物探与化探,2010,34(5):595-599.Xu Yu,Duan W X,Xu W X,et al.The improvement of automatic first break picking based on energy ratio[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2010,34(5):595-599.
[4]徐钰,曾维辉,宋建国,等.浅层折射波勘探中初至自动拾取新算法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(2):218-224.Xu Y,Zeng W H,Song J G,et al.A new method for first-break picking in refraction exploration[J].OGP,2012,47(2):218-224.
[5]张伟,王彦春,段云卿,等.用变换时窗统计能量比法拾取地震初至波[J].物探与化探,2009,33(2):178-180.Zhang W,Wang Y C,Duan Y Q,et al.The application of statistic energy ratio of transform time windows to the pickup of seismic first arrival wave[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2009,33(2):178-180.
[6]张元鹏,梁晨,吴文佳.基于QT的能量比法地震波初至拾取系统设计[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(1):156-159.Zhang Y P,Liang C,Wu W J.Energy ratio method seismic wave first break picking-up system designing based on QT developing platform[J].OGP,2010,45(1):156-159.
[7]秦晅,宋维琪.基于时窗能量比与互信息量的微地震初至拾取方法[J].物探与化探,2016,40(2):374-379.Qin X,Song W Q.Automatic first arrival pickup method of microseismic event based on energy ratio and mutual information[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2016,40(2):374-379.
[8]陈金焕,曹永生,孙成龙,等.基于二分法的地震波初至自动拾取算法[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(2):688-694.Chen J H,Cao Y S,Sun C L,et al.The algorithm for automatic first-breaks picking on seismic traces based on dichotomy[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(2):688-694.
[9]张军华,赵勇,赵爱国,等.用小波变换与能量比方法联合拾取初至波[J].物探化探计算技术,2002,24(4):209-212.Zhang J H,Zhao Y,Zhao A G,et al.Seismic first break pickup using wavelet transform and power ratio method[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2002,24(4):209-212.
[10]岳龙,刘怀山,刘凯,等.基于时频分析地初至拾取方法研究[J].石油物探,2015,54(5):508-520.Yue L,Liu H S,Liu K,et al.First-break picking based on timefrequency analysis[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(5):508-520.
[11]陈常乐,刘财,胡婷,等.基于S变换和瞬时旅行时属性的自动初至拾取方法研究[J].世界地质,2015,34(1):219-225.Chen C L,Liu C,Hu T,et al.Automatic firstbreak picking method based on S transform and instantaneous traveltime attributes[J].Global Geology,2015,34(1):219-225.
[12]曾富英,李敏锋,申维.地震波初至拾取的分形研究[J].现代地质,2002,16(2):209-213.Zeng F Y,Li M F,Shen W.The fractal study on detecting arrival time of the first break[J].Geoscience,2002,16(2):209-213.
[13]陈爱萍,邹文,何光明,等.基于分维和相关性的自动初至拾取技术及应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2009,31(2):100-107.Chen A P,Zou W,He G M,et al.Automatic firstbreak picking method and its application based on fractal and correlation[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2009,31(2):100-107.
[14]韩小俊,施泽进,李亚林.利用分形维拾取地震初至的一种改进算法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(1):60-63.Han X J,Shi Z J,Li Y L.An improved algorithm for picking up seismic first arrivals by using fractal dimension[J].OGP,2002,37(1):60-63.
[15]王金峰,罗省贤,李录明.改进神经网络并行算法及其在地震初至拾取中的应用[J].成都理工大学学报,2007,34(3):348-352.Wang J F,Luo S X,Li L M.An improved neural network parallel arithmetic and its application in picking seismic first break[J].Journal of ChengDu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2007,34(3):348-352.
[16]庄东海,肖春燕,颜永宁.利用人工神经网络自动拾取地震记录初至[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(5):659-664.Zhuang D H,Xiao C Y,Yan Y N.Seismic first arrival pickup using artificial neural network[J].OGP,1994,29(5):659-664.
[17]宋建国,李赋真,徐维秀,等.改进的神经网络级联相关算法及其在初至拾取中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2018,53(1):8-16.Song J G,Li F Z,Xu W X,et al.An improved neural-network cascade-correlation algorithm and its application in seismic first break picking[J].OGP,2018,53(1):8-16.
[18]李辉峰,邹强,金文.基于边缘检测的初至波自动拾取方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(2):150-155.Li H F,Zou Q,Jin W.Automatic firstbreak picking method based on edge detecting[J].OGP,2006,41(2):150-155.
[19]刘百红,李建华,郑四连,等.基于局部相似属性的初至自动拾取[J].石油地球物理勘探,2018,53(3):449-453.Liu B H,Li J H,Zheng S L,et al.Automatic first break picking based on local similarity attribute[J].OGP,2018,53(3):449-453.
[20]王建伟,李兴民.基于四元数矢量积算法的彩色图像区域生长算法[J].计算机科学,2015,42(11A):166-168.Wang J W,Li X M.Region growing in color image based on quaternion multiplication vector product properties[J].Computer Science,2015,42(11A):166-168.
[2]张唤兰,朱光明,王云宏.基于时窗能量比和AIC的两步法微地震初至自动拾取[J].物探与化探,2013,37(2):269-273.Zhang H L,Zhu G M,Wang Y H.Automatic microseismic event detection and picking method[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2013,37(2):269-273.
[3]徐钰,段卫星,徐维秀,等.高精度初至自动拾取综合方法研究[J].物探与化探,2010,34(5):595-599.Xu Yu,Duan W X,Xu W X,et al.The improvement of automatic first break picking based on energy ratio[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2010,34(5):595-599.
[4]徐钰,曾维辉,宋建国,等.浅层折射波勘探中初至自动拾取新算法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(2):218-224.Xu Y,Zeng W H,Song J G,et al.A new method for first-break picking in refraction exploration[J].OGP,2012,47(2):218-224.
[5]张伟,王彦春,段云卿,等.用变换时窗统计能量比法拾取地震初至波[J].物探与化探,2009,33(2):178-180.Zhang W,Wang Y C,Duan Y Q,et al.The application of statistic energy ratio of transform time windows to the pickup of seismic first arrival wave[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2009,33(2):178-180.
[6]张元鹏,梁晨,吴文佳.基于QT的能量比法地震波初至拾取系统设计[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(1):156-159.Zhang Y P,Liang C,Wu W J.Energy ratio method seismic wave first break picking-up system designing based on QT developing platform[J].OGP,2010,45(1):156-159.
[7]秦晅,宋维琪.基于时窗能量比与互信息量的微地震初至拾取方法[J].物探与化探,2016,40(2):374-379.Qin X,Song W Q.Automatic first arrival pickup method of microseismic event based on energy ratio and mutual information[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2016,40(2):374-379.
[8]陈金焕,曹永生,孙成龙,等.基于二分法的地震波初至自动拾取算法[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(2):688-694.Chen J H,Cao Y S,Sun C L,et al.The algorithm for automatic first-breaks picking on seismic traces based on dichotomy[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(2):688-694.
[9]张军华,赵勇,赵爱国,等.用小波变换与能量比方法联合拾取初至波[J].物探化探计算技术,2002,24(4):209-212.Zhang J H,Zhao Y,Zhao A G,et al.Seismic first break pickup using wavelet transform and power ratio method[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2002,24(4):209-212.
[10]岳龙,刘怀山,刘凯,等.基于时频分析地初至拾取方法研究[J].石油物探,2015,54(5):508-520.Yue L,Liu H S,Liu K,et al.First-break picking based on timefrequency analysis[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(5):508-520.
[11]陈常乐,刘财,胡婷,等.基于S变换和瞬时旅行时属性的自动初至拾取方法研究[J].世界地质,2015,34(1):219-225.Chen C L,Liu C,Hu T,et al.Automatic firstbreak picking method based on S transform and instantaneous traveltime attributes[J].Global Geology,2015,34(1):219-225.
[12]曾富英,李敏锋,申维.地震波初至拾取的分形研究[J].现代地质,2002,16(2):209-213.Zeng F Y,Li M F,Shen W.The fractal study on detecting arrival time of the first break[J].Geoscience,2002,16(2):209-213.
[13]陈爱萍,邹文,何光明,等.基于分维和相关性的自动初至拾取技术及应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2009,31(2):100-107.Chen A P,Zou W,He G M,et al.Automatic firstbreak picking method and its application based on fractal and correlation[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2009,31(2):100-107.
[14]韩小俊,施泽进,李亚林.利用分形维拾取地震初至的一种改进算法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(1):60-63.Han X J,Shi Z J,Li Y L.An improved algorithm for picking up seismic first arrivals by using fractal dimension[J].OGP,2002,37(1):60-63.
[15]王金峰,罗省贤,李录明.改进神经网络并行算法及其在地震初至拾取中的应用[J].成都理工大学学报,2007,34(3):348-352.Wang J F,Luo S X,Li L M.An improved neural network parallel arithmetic and its application in picking seismic first break[J].Journal of ChengDu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2007,34(3):348-352.
[16]庄东海,肖春燕,颜永宁.利用人工神经网络自动拾取地震记录初至[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(5):659-664.Zhuang D H,Xiao C Y,Yan Y N.Seismic first arrival pickup using artificial neural network[J].OGP,1994,29(5):659-664.
[17]宋建国,李赋真,徐维秀,等.改进的神经网络级联相关算法及其在初至拾取中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2018,53(1):8-16.Song J G,Li F Z,Xu W X,et al.An improved neural-network cascade-correlation algorithm and its application in seismic first break picking[J].OGP,2018,53(1):8-16.
[18]李辉峰,邹强,金文.基于边缘检测的初至波自动拾取方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(2):150-155.Li H F,Zou Q,Jin W.Automatic firstbreak picking method based on edge detecting[J].OGP,2006,41(2):150-155.
[19]刘百红,李建华,郑四连,等.基于局部相似属性的初至自动拾取[J].石油地球物理勘探,2018,53(3):449-453.Liu B H,Li J H,Zheng S L,et al.Automatic first break picking based on local similarity attribute[J].OGP,2018,53(3):449-453.
[20]王建伟,李兴民.基于四元数矢量积算法的彩色图像区域生长算法[J].计算机科学,2015,42(11A):166-168.Wang J W,Li X M.Region growing in color image based on quaternion multiplication vector product properties[J].Computer Science,2015,42(11A):166-168.