厚层块状冲积扇沉积演化特征及其对油气富集的控制作用——以百口泉油田百21井区百口泉组油藏为例
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摘要
综合应用研究区丰富的密井网资料、取心分析化验资料及开发实践认识,通过取心井单井沉积相标定、平剖面沉积特征解剖,结合油层展布特征分析,明确了百口泉组厚层块状砂砾岩的沉积演化规律,并在此基础上了探讨了其油气差异富集机理。研究表明:(1)研究区百口泉组为干旱型冲积扇沉积,根据其内部沉积特征的差异可进一步划分为扇根及扇中2个亚相和7个微相单元,扇根以主槽微相发育为主,扇中以辫流水道微相发育为主。(2)百口泉组冲积扇整体呈不断退积的特征,B3砂组以扇根主槽块状砂砾岩发育为主,整体呈连片分布特征;B2砂组为扇根主槽向扇中辫流带过渡沉积,砂砾岩体由块状向近层状演化;B1砂组以扇中辫流水道发育为主,辫流水道砂体呈层状展布特征。(3)研究区油气富集平面呈现断裂处连片富集、近断裂处条带状富集和远断裂处富集较差的特征,剖面上呈现底部B3砂组富集较差,中部B2砂组最为富集,顶部B1砂组富集稍差的特征。研究区油气差异富集整体受构造及沉积特征的共同控制,断裂为油气运移路径,后期起到遮挡作用,加之断裂处扇根主槽块状砂砾岩储集层发育,导致其油气较富集;近断裂处受扇中辫流水道优势储层条带状分布的控制,油气富集亦呈条带状分布特征;远离断裂处扇中外缘有利储层发育较差,油气富集程度较低。
Based on the abundant data of wells and core analysis and the development experience,through the calibration of core well,anatomy of plane and profile facies distribution,the evolution characteristic of massive alluvial fan in Baikouquan Formation was clarified.Combined with the oil layer distribution,the mechanism of the different hydrocarbon accumulation in Baikouquan Formation was discussed.The research shows as follows.(1)Baikouquan Formation develops arid alluvial fan,it can be further divided into two subfacies and seven microfacies.The inner fan mainly developed main trench,while middle fan mainly developed braided river.(2)The alluvial fan of Baikouquan Formation is characterized by continuous regression.B3 sandy group develops main trench,with the character of continuous massive conglomerate.B2 sandy group characterizes by the transition of inner fan to middle fan,the conglomerate has the layer-like distribution.B1 sandy group develops middle fan,with the character of braided river well develops.(3)The hydrocarbon accumulation in the study area is characterized by well accumulation in the fault zone,band-like accumulation near the fault and poor accumulation in the far fault zone.In the profile,the distribution is characterized by poor accumulation in B3 sandy group,well accumulation in B2 sandy group and slightly well accumulation in B1 sandy group.The hydrocarbon accumulation is controlled by the tectonic and sedimentary characteristics.The fault is the best migration path and plays the role of blocking in the latter stage,thus,the fault zone accumulates abundant hydrocarbon.The high quality reservoir developed in the middle fan has the shape of stripe,because of the high quality reservoir controlled by braided river.The reservoir is not well developed in the outer middle fan far from the fault,so the hydrocarbon accumulation is poor.
Based on the abundant data of wells and core analysis and the development experience,through the calibration of core well,anatomy of plane and profile facies distribution,the evolution characteristic of massive alluvial fan in Baikouquan Formation was clarified.Combined with the oil layer distribution,the mechanism of the different hydrocarbon accumulation in Baikouquan Formation was discussed.The research shows as follows.(1)Baikouquan Formation develops arid alluvial fan,it can be further divided into two subfacies and seven microfacies.The inner fan mainly developed main trench,while middle fan mainly developed braided river.(2)The alluvial fan of Baikouquan Formation is characterized by continuous regression.B3 sandy group develops main trench,with the character of continuous massive conglomerate.B2 sandy group characterizes by the transition of inner fan to middle fan,the conglomerate has the layer-like distribution.B1 sandy group develops middle fan,with the character of braided river well develops.(3)The hydrocarbon accumulation in the study area is characterized by well accumulation in the fault zone,band-like accumulation near the fault and poor accumulation in the far fault zone.In the profile,the distribution is characterized by poor accumulation in B3 sandy group,well accumulation in B2 sandy group and slightly well accumulation in B1 sandy group.The hydrocarbon accumulation is controlled by the tectonic and sedimentary characteristics.The fault is the best migration path and plays the role of blocking in the latter stage,thus,the fault zone accumulates abundant hydrocarbon.The high quality reservoir developed in the middle fan has the shape of stripe,because of the high quality reservoir controlled by braided river.The reservoir is not well developed in the outer middle fan far from the fault,so the hydrocarbon accumulation is poor.
引文
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7印森林,吴胜和,冯文杰,等.冲积扇储集层内部隔夹层样式---以克拉玛依油田一中区克下组为例.石油勘探与开发,2013;40(6):757-763Yin Senlin,Wu Shenghe,Feng Wenjie,et al.Patterns of inter-layers in the alluvial fan reservoirs:A case study on Triassic Lower Karamay Formation,Yizhong area,Karamay Oilfield,NW China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013;40(6):757-763
8张纪易.粗碎屑洪积扇的某些沉积特征和微相划分.沉积学报,1985;3(3):74-85Zhang Jiyi.Some depositional characteristics and microfacies subdivision of coarse clastic alluvial fans.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1985;3(3):74-85
9于兴河,瞿建华,张磊,等.玛湖凹陷百口泉组扇三角洲砾岩岩相及成因模式.新疆石油地质,2014;35(6):619-627Yu Xinghe,Qu Jianhua,Zhang Lei,et al.Conglomerate lithofacies and origin models of fan deltas of Baikouquan Formation in Mahu Sag,Junggar Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2014;35(6):619-627
10徐怀民,吴磊,陈民锋,等.砾岩油藏沉积韵律特征研究及对开发的影响---以百口泉油田百21井区百口泉组油藏为例.油气地质与采收率,2006;13(1):20-22Xu Huaimin,Wu Lei,Chen Minfeng,et al.Sedimentary rhythm characteristics of conglomerate oil reservoir and their effect on development-Taking Baikouquan Formation oil reservoir of Bai21 Block in Baikouquan Oilfield as an example.Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2006;13(1):20-22
11匡立春,唐勇,雷德文,等.准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷斜坡区三叠系百口泉组扇控大面积岩性油藏勘探实践.中国石油勘探,2014;19(6):14-23Kuang Lichun,Tang Yong,Lei Dewen,et al.Exploration of fan-controlled large-area lithologic oil reservoirs of Triassic Baikouquan Formation in slope zone of Mahu Depression in Junggar Basin.China Petroleum Exploration,2014;19(6):14-23
12李胜,李维锋,艾林,等.玛18井区三叠系百口泉组沉积相精细研究及有利储层预测.科学技术与工程,2017;17(8):6-13Li Sheng,Li Weifeng,Ai Lin,et al.The Thorough study of sedimentary facies and favorable reservoir prediction of Triassic Baikouquan Formation in Ma 18 Well Block.Science Technology and Engineering,2017;17(8):6-13
13覃建华,屈怀林,赵逸清,等.克拉玛依油田八区下乌尔禾组油藏水淹体四维描述.科学技术与工程,2016;16(26):182-188Qin Jianhua,Qu Huailin,Zhao Yiqing,et al.Four-Dimensional description of water zone flooded of Lower Wuerhe Formation in 8th District,Karamay oilfield.Science Technology and Engineering,2016;16(26):182-188
14王剑,靳军,张宝真,等.玛湖凹陷东斜坡区下乌尔禾组砂砾岩储层孔隙形成机理及优势储层成因分析.科学技术与工程,2015;15(23):136-142Wang Jian,Jin Jun,Zhang Baozhen,et al.Pore formation mechanism and genesis of advantage reservoir of Permian Lower Urho Formation glutenite reservoir in the Madong area,Junggar Basion.Science Technology and Engineering,2015;15(23):136-142
15谭开俊,王国栋,罗慧芬,等.准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷斜坡区三叠系百口泉组储层特征及控制因素.岩性油气藏,2014;26(6):83-88Tan Kaijun,Wang Guodong,Luo Huifen,et al.Reservoir characteristics and controlling factors of the Triassic Baikouquan Formation in Mahu slope area,Junggar Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2014;26(6):83-88
16管树巍,何登发,雷永良,等.中国中西部前陆冲断带运动学分类、模型与勘探领域.石油勘探与开发,2013;40(1):66-75Guan Shuwei,He Dengfa,Lei Yongliang,et al.Kinematic classification,structural modeling and prospective fields of the foreland thrust belts in Midwest China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013;40(1):66-75
17张朝军,何登发,吴晓智,等.准噶尔多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化.中国石油勘探,2006;11(1):47-58Zhang Chaojun,He Dengfa,Wu Xiaozhi,et al.Formation and evolution of multicycle superimposed basins in Junggar Basin.China Petroleum Exploration,2006;11(1):47-58
18雷振宇,卞德智,杜社宽,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘扇体形成特征及油气分布规律.石油学报,2005;26(1):8-12Lei Zhenyu,Bian Dezhi,Du Shekuan,et al.Characteristics of fan forming and oil-gas distribution in westnorth margin of Junggar Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005;26(1):8-12
19鲜本忠,徐怀宝,金振奎,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠系层序地层与隐蔽油气藏勘探.高校地质学报,2008;14(2):139-146Xian Benzhong,Xu Huaibao,Jin Zhenkui,et al.Sequence stratigraphy and subtle reservoir exploration of Triassic system in northwestern margin of Junggar Basin.Geological Journal of China Universities,2008;14(2):139-146
20雷德文,瞿建华,安志渊,等.玛湖凹陷百口泉组低渗砂砾岩油气藏成藏条件及富集规律.新疆石油地质,2015;36(6):642-647Lei Dewen,Qu Jianhua,An Zhiyuan,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and enrichment regularity of low-permeability glutenite reservoirs of Baikouquan Formation in Mahu Sag,Junggar Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2015;36(6):642-647
21 Jia H B,Ji H C,Wang L S,et al.Reservoir quality variations within a conglomeratic fan-delta system in the Mahu Sag,northwestern Junggar Basin:Characteristics and controlling factors.Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2017;15(2):165-181
2王剑,丁湘华,武卫东,等.准噶尔盆地玛湖西斜坡百口泉组储层特征研究.科学技术与工程,2016;16(9):142-148Wang Jian,Ding Xianghua,Wu Weidong,et al.Research on reservoir characteristic of Baikouquan Formation in Mahu western slope of Junggar Basin.Science Technology and Engineering,2016;16(9):142-148
3 Harvey A M.The coupling status of alluvial fans and debris cones:Areview and synthesis.Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2012;37(1):64-76
4吴胜和,冯文杰,印森林,等.冲积扇沉积构型研究进展.古地理学报,2016;18(4):497-512Wu Shenghe,Feng Wenjie,Yin Senlin,et al.Research advances in alluvial fan depositional architecture.Journal of Palaeogeography,2016;18(4):497-512
5冯文杰,吴胜和,印森林,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠系干旱型冲积扇储层内部构型特征.地质论评,2017;63(1):219-234Feng Wenjie,Wu Shenghe,Yin Senlin,et al.Internal architecture characteristics of Triassic arid alluvial fan in northwestern margain of Junggar Basin.Geological Review.2017;63(1):219-234
6吴胜和,范峥,许长福,等.新疆克拉玛依油田三叠系克下组冲积扇内部构型.古地理学报,2012;14(3):331-340Wu Shenghe,Fan Zheng,Xu Changfu,et al.Internal architecture of alluvial fan in the Triassic lower Karamay Formation in Karamay Oilfield,Xinjiang.Journal of Palaeogeography,2012;14(3):331-340
7印森林,吴胜和,冯文杰,等.冲积扇储集层内部隔夹层样式---以克拉玛依油田一中区克下组为例.石油勘探与开发,2013;40(6):757-763Yin Senlin,Wu Shenghe,Feng Wenjie,et al.Patterns of inter-layers in the alluvial fan reservoirs:A case study on Triassic Lower Karamay Formation,Yizhong area,Karamay Oilfield,NW China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013;40(6):757-763
8张纪易.粗碎屑洪积扇的某些沉积特征和微相划分.沉积学报,1985;3(3):74-85Zhang Jiyi.Some depositional characteristics and microfacies subdivision of coarse clastic alluvial fans.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1985;3(3):74-85
9于兴河,瞿建华,张磊,等.玛湖凹陷百口泉组扇三角洲砾岩岩相及成因模式.新疆石油地质,2014;35(6):619-627Yu Xinghe,Qu Jianhua,Zhang Lei,et al.Conglomerate lithofacies and origin models of fan deltas of Baikouquan Formation in Mahu Sag,Junggar Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2014;35(6):619-627
10徐怀民,吴磊,陈民锋,等.砾岩油藏沉积韵律特征研究及对开发的影响---以百口泉油田百21井区百口泉组油藏为例.油气地质与采收率,2006;13(1):20-22Xu Huaimin,Wu Lei,Chen Minfeng,et al.Sedimentary rhythm characteristics of conglomerate oil reservoir and their effect on development-Taking Baikouquan Formation oil reservoir of Bai21 Block in Baikouquan Oilfield as an example.Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2006;13(1):20-22
11匡立春,唐勇,雷德文,等.准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷斜坡区三叠系百口泉组扇控大面积岩性油藏勘探实践.中国石油勘探,2014;19(6):14-23Kuang Lichun,Tang Yong,Lei Dewen,et al.Exploration of fan-controlled large-area lithologic oil reservoirs of Triassic Baikouquan Formation in slope zone of Mahu Depression in Junggar Basin.China Petroleum Exploration,2014;19(6):14-23
12李胜,李维锋,艾林,等.玛18井区三叠系百口泉组沉积相精细研究及有利储层预测.科学技术与工程,2017;17(8):6-13Li Sheng,Li Weifeng,Ai Lin,et al.The Thorough study of sedimentary facies and favorable reservoir prediction of Triassic Baikouquan Formation in Ma 18 Well Block.Science Technology and Engineering,2017;17(8):6-13
13覃建华,屈怀林,赵逸清,等.克拉玛依油田八区下乌尔禾组油藏水淹体四维描述.科学技术与工程,2016;16(26):182-188Qin Jianhua,Qu Huailin,Zhao Yiqing,et al.Four-Dimensional description of water zone flooded of Lower Wuerhe Formation in 8th District,Karamay oilfield.Science Technology and Engineering,2016;16(26):182-188
14王剑,靳军,张宝真,等.玛湖凹陷东斜坡区下乌尔禾组砂砾岩储层孔隙形成机理及优势储层成因分析.科学技术与工程,2015;15(23):136-142Wang Jian,Jin Jun,Zhang Baozhen,et al.Pore formation mechanism and genesis of advantage reservoir of Permian Lower Urho Formation glutenite reservoir in the Madong area,Junggar Basion.Science Technology and Engineering,2015;15(23):136-142
15谭开俊,王国栋,罗慧芬,等.准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷斜坡区三叠系百口泉组储层特征及控制因素.岩性油气藏,2014;26(6):83-88Tan Kaijun,Wang Guodong,Luo Huifen,et al.Reservoir characteristics and controlling factors of the Triassic Baikouquan Formation in Mahu slope area,Junggar Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2014;26(6):83-88
16管树巍,何登发,雷永良,等.中国中西部前陆冲断带运动学分类、模型与勘探领域.石油勘探与开发,2013;40(1):66-75Guan Shuwei,He Dengfa,Lei Yongliang,et al.Kinematic classification,structural modeling and prospective fields of the foreland thrust belts in Midwest China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013;40(1):66-75
17张朝军,何登发,吴晓智,等.准噶尔多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化.中国石油勘探,2006;11(1):47-58Zhang Chaojun,He Dengfa,Wu Xiaozhi,et al.Formation and evolution of multicycle superimposed basins in Junggar Basin.China Petroleum Exploration,2006;11(1):47-58
18雷振宇,卞德智,杜社宽,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘扇体形成特征及油气分布规律.石油学报,2005;26(1):8-12Lei Zhenyu,Bian Dezhi,Du Shekuan,et al.Characteristics of fan forming and oil-gas distribution in westnorth margin of Junggar Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005;26(1):8-12
19鲜本忠,徐怀宝,金振奎,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠系层序地层与隐蔽油气藏勘探.高校地质学报,2008;14(2):139-146Xian Benzhong,Xu Huaibao,Jin Zhenkui,et al.Sequence stratigraphy and subtle reservoir exploration of Triassic system in northwestern margin of Junggar Basin.Geological Journal of China Universities,2008;14(2):139-146
20雷德文,瞿建华,安志渊,等.玛湖凹陷百口泉组低渗砂砾岩油气藏成藏条件及富集规律.新疆石油地质,2015;36(6):642-647Lei Dewen,Qu Jianhua,An Zhiyuan,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and enrichment regularity of low-permeability glutenite reservoirs of Baikouquan Formation in Mahu Sag,Junggar Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2015;36(6):642-647
21 Jia H B,Ji H C,Wang L S,et al.Reservoir quality variations within a conglomeratic fan-delta system in the Mahu Sag,northwestern Junggar Basin:Characteristics and controlling factors.Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2017;15(2):165-181