基于随机动态规划的多能联供系统冷热电经济分配模型
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摘要
建立了风力发电机组与燃气轮机联合驱动下含压缩空气储能装置的多能联供系统冷热电经济分配模型。该模型考虑风电输出功率和冷、热、电负荷的波动特性,利用概率密度函数对系统的随机变量进行拟合。以投资成本和运行成本作为目标函数,以冷、热、电负荷平衡及各设备出力特性作为约束条件,采用随机动态规划对系统能源进行合理的调度和分配以达到最优经济效益,并通过控制系统的制冷比和风电输出功率平抑系数,实时调整系统各设备的容量及运行状态。实例的计算结果表明,压缩空气储能能够有效地平抑风电输出功率的波动,减少弃风经济损失;相比于固定能量分配,采用动态规划对系统的能量进行分配具有更多的价值和优势。
The economic distribution model of cooling,heating and power energy in multi-energy supply system with compressed air energy storage device driven by wind turbines and gas turbines is established. Considering the fluctua-tion characteristics of wind power output,cooling load,heating load and power load,the probability density function is used to fit the random variables of the system. Taking the investment cost and operation cost as the objective function,the balance among cooling,heating and power load and the output characteristics of each equipment as the cons-traint conditions,the stochastic dynamic programming is adopted to reasonably dispatch and distribute the system energy to achieve the optimal economic benefits. The capacity and operation state of each equipment in the system are adjusted in real time by controlling the cooling ratio of the system and the smoothing coefficient of wind power output. The calculative results of actual example show that the compressed air energy storage can effectively smooth the wind power output fluctuations and reduce the wind curtailment economic loss. Compared with the fixed energy allocation,it is more valuable and advantageous to use dynamic programming to distribute the system energy.
The economic distribution model of cooling,heating and power energy in multi-energy supply system with compressed air energy storage device driven by wind turbines and gas turbines is established. Considering the fluctua-tion characteristics of wind power output,cooling load,heating load and power load,the probability density function is used to fit the random variables of the system. Taking the investment cost and operation cost as the objective function,the balance among cooling,heating and power load and the output characteristics of each equipment as the cons-traint conditions,the stochastic dynamic programming is adopted to reasonably dispatch and distribute the system energy to achieve the optimal economic benefits. The capacity and operation state of each equipment in the system are adjusted in real time by controlling the cooling ratio of the system and the smoothing coefficient of wind power output. The calculative results of actual example show that the compressed air energy storage can effectively smooth the wind power output fluctuations and reduce the wind curtailment economic loss. Compared with the fixed energy allocation,it is more valuable and advantageous to use dynamic programming to distribute the system energy.
引文
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[23] 徐囡.水库优化调度随机动态规划模型及其价值评估[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2015.XU Nan.Stochastic dynamic programming and value evaluation in reservoir optimal operation[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2015.
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[25] 谭靖,李国杰,唐志伟,等.基于压缩空气储能的风电场功率调节及效益分析[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(8):33-37.TAN Jing,LI Guojie,TANG Zhiwei,et al.Design and economic ana-lysis of compressed air energy storage based wind farm power regulation system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(8):33-37.
[2] CHO H,SMITH A D,MAGO P.Combined cooling,heating and po-wer:a review of performance improvement and optimization[J].Applied Energy,2014,136:168-185.
[3] JING Y Y,BAI H,WANG J J,et al.Life cycle assessment of a solar combined cooling heating and power system in different operation strategies[J].Applied Energy,2012,92:843-853.
[4] 吴杰康,熊焰.风、水、气互补发电模型的建立及求解[J].电网技术,2014,38(3):603-609.WU Jiekang,XIONG Yan.Establishment and solution of the complementary power generation model of wind-energy,hydro-energy and natural gas[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(3):603-609.
[5] 姜子卿,郝然,艾芊,等.基于冷热电多能互补的工业园区互动机制研究[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(6):260-267.JIANG Ziqing,HAO Ran,AI Qian,et al.Interaction mechanism of industrial park based on multi-energy complementation[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(6):260-267.
[6] XIA J X,WANG J F,LOU J W,et al.Thermo-economic analysis and optimization of a Combined Cooling and Power(CCP) system for engine waste heat recovery[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2016,128:303-316.
[7] 蒋润花,曾蓉,李洪强,等.考虑气候条件及建筑类型等因素的分布式冷热电三联产系统的多目标优化及评估[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(12):3206-3213.JIANG Runhua,ZENG Rong,LI Hongqiang,et al.Multi-objective optimization and evaluation of distributed CCHP system considering influence of climate condition and building type[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(12):3206-3213.
[8] ELCI M,OLIVA A,HERKEL S,et al.Grid-interactivity of a solar combined heat and power district heating system[J].Energy Procedia,2015,70:560-567.
[9] SINGH O K.Performance enhancement of combined cycle power plant using inlet air cooling by exhaust heat operated ammonia-water absorption refrigeration system[J].Applied Energy,2016,180:867-879.
[10] 熊焰,吴杰康,王强,等.风光气储互补发电的冷热电联供优化协调模型及求解方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(14):3616-3625.XIONG Yan,WU Jiekang,WANG Qiang,et al.An optimization coordination model and solution for combined cooling,heating and electric power systems with complimentary generation of wind,PV,gas and energy storage[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(14):3616-3625.
[11] 甘霖,陈瑜玮,刘育权,等.含可再生能源的微网冷-热-电多能流协同优化与案例分析[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(6):275-281.GAN Lin,CHEN Yuwei,LIU Yuquan,et al.Coordinative optimi-zation of multiple energy flows for microgrid with renewable energy resources and case study[J].Electric Power Automation Equip-ment,2017,37(6):275-281.
[12] WANG J J,YANG Y.Energy,exergy and environmental analysis of a hybrid combined cooling heating and power system utilizing biomass and solar energy[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2016,124:566-577.
[13] 周任军,康信文,李绍金,等.冷热电联供系统能量流函数及运行策略[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(1):1-5.ZHOU Renjun,KANG Xinwen,LI Shaojin,et al.Energy flow function and operational strategy of CCHP system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(1):1-5.
[14] 杨永标,于建成,李奕杰,等.含光伏和蓄能的冷热电联供系统调峰调蓄优化调度[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(6):6-12,29.YANG Yongbiao,YU Jiancheng,LI Yijie,et al.Optimal load leve-ling dispatch of CCHP incorporating photovoltaic and storage[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(6):6-12,29.
[15] 汪伟,段绍辉,张兆鹏,等.冷热电蓄能联供微网系统优化配置的影响因素[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2013,25(4):156-161.WANG Wei,DUAN Shaohui,ZHANG Zhaopeng,et al.Influential factors of optimal configuration for combined cooling heating and power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2013,25(4):156-161.
[16] 刘星月,吴红斌.太阳能综合利用的冷热电联供系统控制策略和运行优化[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(12):1-6.LIU Xingyue,WU Hongbin.A control strategy and operation optimization of combined cooling heating and power system considering solar comprehensive utilization[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(12):1-6.
[17] CAO L Y,WANG J F,WANG H Y,et al.Thermodynamic analysis of a Kalina-based combined cooling and power cycle driven by low-grade heat source[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,111:8-19.
[18] 王成山,洪博文,郭力,等.冷热电联供微网优化调度通用建模方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(31):26-33.WANG Chengshan,HONG Bowen,GUO Li,et al.A general mode-ling method for optimal dispatch of combined cooling,heating and power microgrid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(31):26-33.
[19] 刘元园.冷热电联供系统容量配置研究[D].南京:东南大学,2015.LIU Yuanyuan.Research on the capacity configuration of CCHP system[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2015.
[20] FACCI A L,ANDREASSI L,UBERTINI S.Optimization of CHCP(Combined Heat Power and Cooling) systems operation strategy using dynamic programming[J].Energy,2014,66(4):387-400.
[21] MOHAMMADI A,AHMADI M H,BIDI M,et al.Exergy analysis of a Combined Cooling,Heating and Power system integrated with wind turbine and compressed air energy storage system[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2017,131:69-78.
[22] 国家电网公司.分布式电源接入电网规定:Q/GDW 480—2010[S].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2010.
[23] 徐囡.水库优化调度随机动态规划模型及其价值评估[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2015.XU Nan.Stochastic dynamic programming and value evaluation in reservoir optimal operation[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2015.
[24] 王伟胜,迟永宁,张占奎,等.GB/T 19963—2011《风电场接入电力系统技术规定》解读[J].中国标准化,2016,77(2):86-89.WANG Weisheng,CHI Yongning,ZHANG Zhankui,et al.Standard on connecting wind farms to power system[J].China Standardization,2016,77(2):86-89.
[25] 谭靖,李国杰,唐志伟,等.基于压缩空气储能的风电场功率调节及效益分析[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(8):33-37.TAN Jing,LI Guojie,TANG Zhiwei,et al.Design and economic ana-lysis of compressed air energy storage based wind farm power regulation system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(8):33-37.