大理岩规则齿形结构面剪切特性试验研究
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摘要
为了便于研究不同粗糙度结构面岩体在压剪荷载作用下的剪切强度、剪切变形等力学特性的变化规律,制作了3种具有不同起伏高度的大理岩规则齿形结构面,锯齿高度分别为0、1、3 mm,开展了不同法向应力下的结构面直剪试验。试验结果发现,结构面剪应力-剪切位移曲线可分为两类:滑动破坏型和峰值剪断型;结构面沿锯齿先爬坡后剪断的破坏过程可划分为4个阶段:压密闭合阶段、爬坡剪胀阶段、锯齿剪断阶段、挤压碾碎阶段;锯齿结构面剪切强度-法向应力曲线近似呈三段线的特征,建立了三线段剪切强度准则;锯齿结构面剪切刚度-法向应力曲线呈上凸型特征,提出了结构面剪切刚度模型公式;锯齿结构面法向位移-剪切位移曲线呈先剪缩后剪胀的变化特征,提出了评价剪胀特性的经验公式。
This study is aimed to investigate the regularities of the shear strength, shear deformation and other mechanical properties of joint rock mass with different roughnesses under compression-shear stress. Marble specimens were prepared with the dentate height of 0, 1 and 3 mm, respectively. Then direct shear tests were conducted on the marble specimens under different normal stresses.Experiment results show that curves of shear stress and displacement can be divided into two types: sliding failure type and peak shear type. The climbing-gnawing process of joints goes through four stages: the compaction stage, the climbing stage, the saw-tooth cutting stage and the completely crushing stage. The curves of shear strength with the normal stress of the dentate joint present more obviously three-segment line feature, and a trilinear shear strength criterion is established. The curves of shear stiffness with normal stress present a convex type, and a shear stiffness model is put forward. The dilatancy curves of dentate joint present firstly shear contraction and then shear dilation, and an empirical formula for evaluating shear dilation is proposed.
This study is aimed to investigate the regularities of the shear strength, shear deformation and other mechanical properties of joint rock mass with different roughnesses under compression-shear stress. Marble specimens were prepared with the dentate height of 0, 1 and 3 mm, respectively. Then direct shear tests were conducted on the marble specimens under different normal stresses.Experiment results show that curves of shear stress and displacement can be divided into two types: sliding failure type and peak shear type. The climbing-gnawing process of joints goes through four stages: the compaction stage, the climbing stage, the saw-tooth cutting stage and the completely crushing stage. The curves of shear strength with the normal stress of the dentate joint present more obviously three-segment line feature, and a trilinear shear strength criterion is established. The curves of shear stiffness with normal stress present a convex type, and a shear stiffness model is put forward. The dilatancy curves of dentate joint present firstly shear contraction and then shear dilation, and an empirical formula for evaluating shear dilation is proposed.
引文
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[10]SEIDEL J P,HABERFIELD C M.The application of energy principles to the determination of the sliding resistance of rock joints[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1995,28(4):211-226.
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[12]张雅慧,汪丁建,唐辉明,等.基于PFC2D数值试验的异性结构面剪切强度特性研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(4):1031-1041.ZHANG Ya-hui,WANG Ding-jian,TANG Hui-ming,et al.Study of shear strength characteristics of heterogeneous discontinuities using PFC2D simulation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(4):1031-1041.
[13]PATTON F D.Multiple model of shear failure in rock[C]//Proceedings of 1st Cong.ISRM.Lisbon:[s.n],1996:509-513.
[14]BARTON N,CHOUBEY V.The shear strength of rock joints in theory and pratice[J].Rock Mechanics Felsmechanik Mecanique des Roches,1997,1(10):1-54.
[15]LADANYI B,ARCHAMBAULT G.Simulation of shear behaviour of a jointed rock mass[C]//Proc.11th Syrup.on Rock Mechanics:Theory and Practice.New York:AIME,1970:105-125.
[16]BANDIS S C,LUMSDEN A C,BARTON N R.Fundamentals of rock joint deformation[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1983,20(6):249.
[17]赵明华,雷勇,刘晓明.基于桩-岩结构面特性的嵌岩桩荷载传递分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(1):103-110.ZHAO Ming-hua,LEI Yong,LIU Xiao-ming.Analysis of load transfer of rock-socketed piles based on characteristics of pile-rock structural plane[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(1):103-110.
[18]张菊连,沈明荣,梁志荣.不规则结构面剪切特性试验研究[J].西南交通大学学报,2015,50(6):993-1000.ZHANG Ju-lian,SHEN Ming-rong,LIANG Zhi-rong.Experimental study on shear strength characteristics of irregular rock mass discontinuities[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2015,50(6):993-1000.
[19]JING L,STEPHANSSON O,NORLUND E.Study of rock joints under cyclic loading conditions[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1993,26(3):215-232.
[2]李美蓉,陈媛,张林,等.复杂地质条件下多结构面对重力坝坝基稳定性的影响及处理[J].岩土力学,2014,35(增刊1):328-333.LI Mei-rong,CHEN Yuan,ZHANG Lin,et al.Impacts of multi-structural planes on gravity dam foundation stability and treatment under complex geological conditions[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(Suppl.1):328-333.
[3]ZHANG C Q,FENG X T,ZHOU H,et al.Case histories of four extremely intense rockbursts in deep tunnels[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2012,45(3):275-288.
[4]潘一山,王来贵,章梦涛,等.断层冲击地压发生的理论与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(6):624-649.PAN Yi-shan,WANG Lai-gui,ZHANG Meng-tao,et al.The theoretical and testing study of fault rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(6):624-649.
[5]沈明荣,张清照.规则齿型结构面剪切特性的模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(4):713-719.SHEN Ming-rong,ZHANG Qing-zhao.Experimental study of shear deformation characteristics of rock mass discontinuities[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(4):713-719.
[6]张清照,沈明荣,丁文其,等.结构面在剪切状态下的力学特性研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(2):37-42.ZHANG Qing-zhao,SHEN Ming-rong,DING Wen-qi,et al.Study on the mechanical properties of rock mass discontinuity under shear condition[J].Hydro-geology and Engineering Gelolgy,2012,39(2):37-42.
[7]李海波,冯海鹏,刘博.不同剪切速率下岩石节理的强度特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程报,2006,25(12):2435-2440.LI Hai-bo,FENG Hai-peng,LIU Bo.Study on strength behaviors of rock joints under different shearing deformation velocities[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(12):2435-2440.
[8]李海波,刘博,冯海鹏,等.模拟岩石节理试样剪切变形特征和破坏机制研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(7):1741-1746.LI Hai-bo,LIU Bo,FENG Hai-peng,et al.Study of deformability behaviour and failure mechanism by simulating rock joints sample under different loading conditions[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(7):1741-1746.
[9]朱小明,李海波.含一阶和二阶起伏体节理剪切强度的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(9):1810-1818.ZHU Xiao-ming,LI Hai-bo.Experimental study of shear strength of joints with first-order and second-order asperities[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(9):1810-1818.
[10]SEIDEL J P,HABERFIELD C M.The application of energy principles to the determination of the sliding resistance of rock joints[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1995,28(4):211-226.
[11]KWON T H,HONG E S,CHO G C.Shear behavior of rectangular-shaped asperities in rock joints[J].KSCEJournal of Clivil Engineering,2010,14(3):323-332.
[12]张雅慧,汪丁建,唐辉明,等.基于PFC2D数值试验的异性结构面剪切强度特性研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(4):1031-1041.ZHANG Ya-hui,WANG Ding-jian,TANG Hui-ming,et al.Study of shear strength characteristics of heterogeneous discontinuities using PFC2D simulation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(4):1031-1041.
[13]PATTON F D.Multiple model of shear failure in rock[C]//Proceedings of 1st Cong.ISRM.Lisbon:[s.n],1996:509-513.
[14]BARTON N,CHOUBEY V.The shear strength of rock joints in theory and pratice[J].Rock Mechanics Felsmechanik Mecanique des Roches,1997,1(10):1-54.
[15]LADANYI B,ARCHAMBAULT G.Simulation of shear behaviour of a jointed rock mass[C]//Proc.11th Syrup.on Rock Mechanics:Theory and Practice.New York:AIME,1970:105-125.
[16]BANDIS S C,LUMSDEN A C,BARTON N R.Fundamentals of rock joint deformation[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1983,20(6):249.
[17]赵明华,雷勇,刘晓明.基于桩-岩结构面特性的嵌岩桩荷载传递分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(1):103-110.ZHAO Ming-hua,LEI Yong,LIU Xiao-ming.Analysis of load transfer of rock-socketed piles based on characteristics of pile-rock structural plane[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(1):103-110.
[18]张菊连,沈明荣,梁志荣.不规则结构面剪切特性试验研究[J].西南交通大学学报,2015,50(6):993-1000.ZHANG Ju-lian,SHEN Ming-rong,LIANG Zhi-rong.Experimental study on shear strength characteristics of irregular rock mass discontinuities[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2015,50(6):993-1000.
[19]JING L,STEPHANSSON O,NORLUND E.Study of rock joints under cyclic loading conditions[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1993,26(3):215-232.