演化经济地理学视角下创新网络研究进展与展望
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摘要
"要素驱动"向"创新驱动"、"地方空间"向"流动空间"转变的背景下,多主体、多尺度的网络化模式成为创新导向,动态性、路径依赖性与邻近性等演化经济地理学分析思维有助于理解创新网络演化规律和机制。文章基于Web of Science和中国知网中1991—2016年经济地理学领域创新网络演化研究文献,借助CiteSpace V软件,运用文献计量分析法以及对相关文献资料的回顾,系统梳理创新网络演化研究的热点领域、知识基础,明晰核心研究内容和学术争议。结果表明:①创新网络结构演化、演化路径与演化机理是国外研究的热点领域,通过借鉴西方演化理论和研究范式,企业、产业和区域等创新网络演化实证探讨受到国内研究重视;②多维邻近性机制下的创新网络形成与演化、全球—地方多空间尺度耦合的创新结网以及产业集群创新网络成为研究的知识基础;③创新网络演化是否呈现路径依赖有待解答,不同维度邻近性对创新网络演化影响的重要程度存在争议,着眼于多集群的创新网络演化则是新近的前沿领域。
With the change from "space of places" to "space of flows" and from "factor-driven" to "innovation-driven",multi-subject and multi-scale network model becomes the dominant model of innovation. As an important carrier and effective way of the flowing and sharing of innovation elements, the coordination and cooperation of innovation actors,the transformation and utilization of innovation results, the concept of innovation networks have become commonplace within the economic geography. The analytical thinking of evolutionary economic geography, such as dynamic, path dependence and proximity, is helpful to understand the evolution of innovation networks. Using CiteSpace V and based on the review of extensive literatures, this paper systematically generalizes the research hotspots, knowledge base,academic debate and research frontier of economic geography research on innovation networks based on the literatures from Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database from 1991 to 2016. The purpose of this paper is to seek a breakthrough for the theoretical innovation of domestic innovation networks. The main findings of this study are drawn as follows. 1) The foreign research hotspots focus on evolution pattern, evolution path and evolution mechanism of innovation networks. Following the western evolutionary theory and research paradigm, a large and growing body of scholarly research in domestic economic geography has focused on the evolution of innovation networks at enterprise, industry and regional level. 2) The knowledge base involves the multiple proximity mechanism of the formation and evolution of innovation networks, the multi-scale coupling of innovation networks, and the innovation networks of industrial clusters. 3) Whether the evolution of innovation networks presents path dependence, it remains to be solved. The importance of multiple proximities at different evolution stages of innovation networks is still controversial. Focusing on multi-clusters is becoming the frontier areas of international economic geography research on the evolution of innovation networks.
With the change from "space of places" to "space of flows" and from "factor-driven" to "innovation-driven",multi-subject and multi-scale network model becomes the dominant model of innovation. As an important carrier and effective way of the flowing and sharing of innovation elements, the coordination and cooperation of innovation actors,the transformation and utilization of innovation results, the concept of innovation networks have become commonplace within the economic geography. The analytical thinking of evolutionary economic geography, such as dynamic, path dependence and proximity, is helpful to understand the evolution of innovation networks. Using CiteSpace V and based on the review of extensive literatures, this paper systematically generalizes the research hotspots, knowledge base,academic debate and research frontier of economic geography research on innovation networks based on the literatures from Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database from 1991 to 2016. The purpose of this paper is to seek a breakthrough for the theoretical innovation of domestic innovation networks. The main findings of this study are drawn as follows. 1) The foreign research hotspots focus on evolution pattern, evolution path and evolution mechanism of innovation networks. Following the western evolutionary theory and research paradigm, a large and growing body of scholarly research in domestic economic geography has focused on the evolution of innovation networks at enterprise, industry and regional level. 2) The knowledge base involves the multiple proximity mechanism of the formation and evolution of innovation networks, the multi-scale coupling of innovation networks, and the innovation networks of industrial clusters. 3) Whether the evolution of innovation networks presents path dependence, it remains to be solved. The importance of multiple proximities at different evolution stages of innovation networks is still controversial. Focusing on multi-clusters is becoming the frontier areas of international economic geography research on the evolution of innovation networks.
引文
[1]吕拉昌,黄茹,廖倩.创新地理学研究的几个理论问题[J].地理科学,2016,36(5):653-661.
[2]曾刚,王秋玉,曹贤忠.创新经济地理研究述评与展望[J].经济地理,2018,38(4):19-25.
[3] Rothwell R. Successful industrial innovation:critical factors for the 1990s[J]. R&D Management,1992,22(3):221-240.
[4] Rycroft R W,Kash D E. The Complexity Challenge:Technological Innovation for the 21st Century[M]. New York:Cassell Ac‐ademic Publishers,1999.
[5] Boschma R A,Frenken K. Why is economic geography not an evolutionary science? Towards an evolutionary economic geog‐raphy[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2006,6(3):273-302.
[6] Boschma R A,Lambooy J G. Evolutionary economics and economic geography[J]. Journal of Evolutionary Economics,1999,9(4):411-429.
[7] Boschma R A,Martin R. The Handbook of Evolutionary Economic Geography[M]. Cheltenham:Edward Elgar,2010.
[8] Glückler J,Doreian P. Editorial:social network analysis and economic geography-positional,evolutionary and multi-level ap‐proaches[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2016,16(6):1 123-1 134.
[9]刘晓燕,阮平南,李非凡.基于专利的技术创新网络演化动力挖掘[J].中国科技论坛,2014(3):136-141.
[10] Freeman C. Networks of innovators:a synthesis of research issues[J]. Research Policy,1991,20(5):499-514.
[11] Cooke P. The new wave of regional innovation networks:analysis,characteristics and strategy[J]. Small Business Econom‐ics,1996,8(2):159-171.
[12]沈必扬,池仁勇.企业创新网络:企业技术创新研究的一个新范式[J].科研管理,2005,26(3):84-91.
[13]童昕,王缉慈.论全球化背景下的本地创新网络[J].中国软科学,2000(9):80-83.
[14] Chesbrough H W. Open Innovation:The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology[M]. Boston:Harvard Business School Press,2003.
[15]周灿,曾刚,宓泽锋,等.区域创新网络模式研究——以长三角城市群为例[J].地理科学进展,2017,36(7):795-805.
[16] Essletzbichler J,Rigby D L. Exploring evolutionary economic geographies[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2007,7(5):549-571.
[17] Martin R,Sunley P. Complexity thinking and evolutionary economic geography[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2007,7(5):573-601.
[18]尹贻梅,刘志高,刘卫东.路径依赖理论及其地方经济发展隐喻[J].地理研究,2012,31(5):782-791.
[19] Martin R,Sunley P. Path dependence and regional economic evolution[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2006,6(6):395-437.
[20] Boschma R A. Proximity and innovation:a critical assessment[J]. Regional Studies,2005,39(1):61-74.
[21] Balland P A. Proximity and the evolution of collaboration networks:evidence from research and development projects with‐in the global navigation satellite system(GNSS)industry[J].Regional Studies,2012,46(6):741-756.
[22] Broekel T,Boschma R A. Knowledge networks in the Dutch aviation industry:the proximity paradox[J]. Journal of Eco‐nomic Geography,2012,12(2):409-433.
[23] Bathelt H,Malmberg A,Maskell P. Clusters and knowledge:local buzz,global pipelines and the process of knowledge cre‐ation[J]. Progress in Human Geography,2004,28(1):31-56.
[24] Morrison A. Gatekeepers of knowledge within industrial districts:who they are,how they interact[J]. Regional Studies,2008,42(6):817-835.
[25] Giuliani E,Bell M. The micro-determinants of meso-level learning and innovation:evidence from a Chilean wine cluster[J]. Research Policy,2005,34(1):47-68.
[26] Boschma R,Ter Wal A L J. Knowledge networks and innovative performance in an industrial district:the case of a foot‐wear district in the south of Italy[J]. Industry and Innovation,2007,14(2):177-199.
[27] Menzel M P,Fornahl D. Cluster life cycles-dimensions and rationales of cluster evolution[J]. Industrial and Corporate Change,2007,19(1):205-238.
[28] Saxenian A L. Regional Advantage:Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128[M]. Cambridge:Harvard Uni‐versity Press,1994.
[29] Pyke F,Becattini G,Sengenberger W. Industrial Districts and Interfirm Cooperation in Italy[M]. Geneva:International Insti‐tute for Labour Studies,1990.
[30]王缉慈.创新集群三十年探索之旅[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[31]毛睿奕,曾刚.基于集体学习机制的创新网络模式研究——以浦东新区生物医药产业创新网络为例[J].经济地理,2010,30(9):1 478-1 483.
[32]吕国庆,曾刚,马双,等.产业集群创新网络的演化分析——以东营市石油装备制造业为例[J].科学学研究,2014,32(9):1 423-1 430.
[33] Gay B Dousset B. Innovation and network structural dynamics:study of the alliance network of a major sector of the bio‐technology industry[J]. Research Policy,2005,34(10):1 457-1 475.
[34] Ter Wal A L J. Cluster emergence and network evolution:a longitudinal analysis of the inventor network in Sophia-Antipolis[J]. Regional Studies,2013,47(5):651-668.
[35]汪涛,Hennemann S,Liefner I,等.知识网络空间结构演化及对NIS建设的启示——以我国生物技术知识为例[J].地理研究,2011,30(10):1 861-1 872.
[36]顾娜娜.长江经济带装备制造业产学研创新网络研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2015.
[37]周灿.中国电子信息产业集群创新网络演化研究:格局、路径、机理[D].上海:华东师范大学,2018.
[38] Li Y,Phelps N A. Knowledge polycentricity and the evolving Yangtze River Delta megalopolis[J]. Regional Studies,2017,51(7):1-13.
[39]李丹丹,汪涛,周辉.基于不同时空尺度的知识溢出网络结构特征研究[J].地理科学,2013,33(10):1 180-1 187.
[40] Cassi L,Wal A L J T. The evolution of trade and scientific collaboration networks in the global wine sector:a longitudinal study using network analysis[J]. Economic Geography,2012,88(3):311-334.
[41] Turkina E,Assche A V,Kali R. Structure and evolution of global cluster networks:evidence from the aerospace industry[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2016,16(6):1 211-1 234.
[42] Nomaler?,Verspagen B. 2016. River deep,mountain high:of long run knowledge trajectories within and between innovation clusters[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,16(6):1 259-1 278.
[43] Hall P. Innovation,Economics and Evolution:Theoretical Perspectives on Changing Technology in Economic Systems[M].London:Harvester Wheatsheaf,1994.
[44]贺灿飞,金璐璐,刘颖.多维邻近性对中国出口产品空间演化的影响[J].地理研究,2017,36(9):1 613-1 626.
[45]张伟峰,慕继丰,万威武.基于企业创新网络的技术路径创造[J].科学学研究,2003,21(6):657-661.
[46]徐蕾,魏江.网络地理边界拓展与创新能力的关系研究——路径依赖的解释视角[J].科学学研究,2014,32(5):767-776.
[47]陈肖飞,郭建峰,胡志强,等.汽车产业集群网络演化与驱动机制研究——以奇瑞汽车集群为例[J].地理科学,2019,39(3):467-476.
[48] Hoekman J,Frenken K,Tijssen R J W. Research collaboration at a distance:changing spatial patterns of scientific collaboration within Europe[J]. Research Policy,2010,39(5):662-673.
[49] Balland P A,Belso-Martínez J A,Morrison A. The dynamics of technical and business networks in industrial clusters:em‐beddedness,status or proximity?[J]. Economic Geography,2016,92(1):35-60.
[50] D'Este P,Guy F,Iammarino S. Shaping the formation of university-industry research collaborations:what type of proximi‐ty does really matter?[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2013,13(4):537-558.
[51] Agrawal A,Cockburn I,Mchale J. Gone but not forgotten:knowledge flows,labor mobility,and enduring social relationships[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2006,6(5):571-591.
[52] Broekel T,Hartog M. Explaining the structure of inter-organizational networks using exponential random graph models[J].Industry and Innovation,2013,20(3):277-295.
[53] Balland P A,De Vaan M,Boschma R A. The dynamics of interfirm networks along the industry life cycle:the case of the global video game industry,1987-2007[J]. Journal of Eco‐nomic Geography,2013,13(5):741-765.
[54] Ter Wal A L J. The dynamics of the inventor network in German biotechnology:geographic proximity versus triadic closure[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2014,14(3):589-620.
[55]李琳,雒道政.多维邻近性与创新:西方研究回顾与展望[J].经济地理,2013,33(6):1-7.
[56] Li P F,Bathelt H,Wang J. Network dynamics and cluster evolution:changing trajectories of the aluminium extrusion indus‐try in Dali,China[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2012,12(1):127-155.
[57] Bunnell T G,Coe N M. Spaces and scales of innovation[J].Progress in Human Geography,2001,25(4):569-589.
[58] Torre A,Rallet A. Proximity and localization[J]. Regional Studies,2005,39(1):47-59.
[59] Asheim B T,Isaksen A. Regional innovation systems:the integration of local"sticky"and global"ubiquitous"knowledge[J]. Journal of Technology Transfer,2002,27(1):77-86.
[2]曾刚,王秋玉,曹贤忠.创新经济地理研究述评与展望[J].经济地理,2018,38(4):19-25.
[3] Rothwell R. Successful industrial innovation:critical factors for the 1990s[J]. R&D Management,1992,22(3):221-240.
[4] Rycroft R W,Kash D E. The Complexity Challenge:Technological Innovation for the 21st Century[M]. New York:Cassell Ac‐ademic Publishers,1999.
[5] Boschma R A,Frenken K. Why is economic geography not an evolutionary science? Towards an evolutionary economic geog‐raphy[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2006,6(3):273-302.
[6] Boschma R A,Lambooy J G. Evolutionary economics and economic geography[J]. Journal of Evolutionary Economics,1999,9(4):411-429.
[7] Boschma R A,Martin R. The Handbook of Evolutionary Economic Geography[M]. Cheltenham:Edward Elgar,2010.
[8] Glückler J,Doreian P. Editorial:social network analysis and economic geography-positional,evolutionary and multi-level ap‐proaches[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2016,16(6):1 123-1 134.
[9]刘晓燕,阮平南,李非凡.基于专利的技术创新网络演化动力挖掘[J].中国科技论坛,2014(3):136-141.
[10] Freeman C. Networks of innovators:a synthesis of research issues[J]. Research Policy,1991,20(5):499-514.
[11] Cooke P. The new wave of regional innovation networks:analysis,characteristics and strategy[J]. Small Business Econom‐ics,1996,8(2):159-171.
[12]沈必扬,池仁勇.企业创新网络:企业技术创新研究的一个新范式[J].科研管理,2005,26(3):84-91.
[13]童昕,王缉慈.论全球化背景下的本地创新网络[J].中国软科学,2000(9):80-83.
[14] Chesbrough H W. Open Innovation:The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology[M]. Boston:Harvard Business School Press,2003.
[15]周灿,曾刚,宓泽锋,等.区域创新网络模式研究——以长三角城市群为例[J].地理科学进展,2017,36(7):795-805.
[16] Essletzbichler J,Rigby D L. Exploring evolutionary economic geographies[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2007,7(5):549-571.
[17] Martin R,Sunley P. Complexity thinking and evolutionary economic geography[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2007,7(5):573-601.
[18]尹贻梅,刘志高,刘卫东.路径依赖理论及其地方经济发展隐喻[J].地理研究,2012,31(5):782-791.
[19] Martin R,Sunley P. Path dependence and regional economic evolution[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2006,6(6):395-437.
[20] Boschma R A. Proximity and innovation:a critical assessment[J]. Regional Studies,2005,39(1):61-74.
[21] Balland P A. Proximity and the evolution of collaboration networks:evidence from research and development projects with‐in the global navigation satellite system(GNSS)industry[J].Regional Studies,2012,46(6):741-756.
[22] Broekel T,Boschma R A. Knowledge networks in the Dutch aviation industry:the proximity paradox[J]. Journal of Eco‐nomic Geography,2012,12(2):409-433.
[23] Bathelt H,Malmberg A,Maskell P. Clusters and knowledge:local buzz,global pipelines and the process of knowledge cre‐ation[J]. Progress in Human Geography,2004,28(1):31-56.
[24] Morrison A. Gatekeepers of knowledge within industrial districts:who they are,how they interact[J]. Regional Studies,2008,42(6):817-835.
[25] Giuliani E,Bell M. The micro-determinants of meso-level learning and innovation:evidence from a Chilean wine cluster[J]. Research Policy,2005,34(1):47-68.
[26] Boschma R,Ter Wal A L J. Knowledge networks and innovative performance in an industrial district:the case of a foot‐wear district in the south of Italy[J]. Industry and Innovation,2007,14(2):177-199.
[27] Menzel M P,Fornahl D. Cluster life cycles-dimensions and rationales of cluster evolution[J]. Industrial and Corporate Change,2007,19(1):205-238.
[28] Saxenian A L. Regional Advantage:Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128[M]. Cambridge:Harvard Uni‐versity Press,1994.
[29] Pyke F,Becattini G,Sengenberger W. Industrial Districts and Interfirm Cooperation in Italy[M]. Geneva:International Insti‐tute for Labour Studies,1990.
[30]王缉慈.创新集群三十年探索之旅[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[31]毛睿奕,曾刚.基于集体学习机制的创新网络模式研究——以浦东新区生物医药产业创新网络为例[J].经济地理,2010,30(9):1 478-1 483.
[32]吕国庆,曾刚,马双,等.产业集群创新网络的演化分析——以东营市石油装备制造业为例[J].科学学研究,2014,32(9):1 423-1 430.
[33] Gay B Dousset B. Innovation and network structural dynamics:study of the alliance network of a major sector of the bio‐technology industry[J]. Research Policy,2005,34(10):1 457-1 475.
[34] Ter Wal A L J. Cluster emergence and network evolution:a longitudinal analysis of the inventor network in Sophia-Antipolis[J]. Regional Studies,2013,47(5):651-668.
[35]汪涛,Hennemann S,Liefner I,等.知识网络空间结构演化及对NIS建设的启示——以我国生物技术知识为例[J].地理研究,2011,30(10):1 861-1 872.
[36]顾娜娜.长江经济带装备制造业产学研创新网络研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2015.
[37]周灿.中国电子信息产业集群创新网络演化研究:格局、路径、机理[D].上海:华东师范大学,2018.
[38] Li Y,Phelps N A. Knowledge polycentricity and the evolving Yangtze River Delta megalopolis[J]. Regional Studies,2017,51(7):1-13.
[39]李丹丹,汪涛,周辉.基于不同时空尺度的知识溢出网络结构特征研究[J].地理科学,2013,33(10):1 180-1 187.
[40] Cassi L,Wal A L J T. The evolution of trade and scientific collaboration networks in the global wine sector:a longitudinal study using network analysis[J]. Economic Geography,2012,88(3):311-334.
[41] Turkina E,Assche A V,Kali R. Structure and evolution of global cluster networks:evidence from the aerospace industry[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2016,16(6):1 211-1 234.
[42] Nomaler?,Verspagen B. 2016. River deep,mountain high:of long run knowledge trajectories within and between innovation clusters[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,16(6):1 259-1 278.
[43] Hall P. Innovation,Economics and Evolution:Theoretical Perspectives on Changing Technology in Economic Systems[M].London:Harvester Wheatsheaf,1994.
[44]贺灿飞,金璐璐,刘颖.多维邻近性对中国出口产品空间演化的影响[J].地理研究,2017,36(9):1 613-1 626.
[45]张伟峰,慕继丰,万威武.基于企业创新网络的技术路径创造[J].科学学研究,2003,21(6):657-661.
[46]徐蕾,魏江.网络地理边界拓展与创新能力的关系研究——路径依赖的解释视角[J].科学学研究,2014,32(5):767-776.
[47]陈肖飞,郭建峰,胡志强,等.汽车产业集群网络演化与驱动机制研究——以奇瑞汽车集群为例[J].地理科学,2019,39(3):467-476.
[48] Hoekman J,Frenken K,Tijssen R J W. Research collaboration at a distance:changing spatial patterns of scientific collaboration within Europe[J]. Research Policy,2010,39(5):662-673.
[49] Balland P A,Belso-Martínez J A,Morrison A. The dynamics of technical and business networks in industrial clusters:em‐beddedness,status or proximity?[J]. Economic Geography,2016,92(1):35-60.
[50] D'Este P,Guy F,Iammarino S. Shaping the formation of university-industry research collaborations:what type of proximi‐ty does really matter?[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2013,13(4):537-558.
[51] Agrawal A,Cockburn I,Mchale J. Gone but not forgotten:knowledge flows,labor mobility,and enduring social relationships[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2006,6(5):571-591.
[52] Broekel T,Hartog M. Explaining the structure of inter-organizational networks using exponential random graph models[J].Industry and Innovation,2013,20(3):277-295.
[53] Balland P A,De Vaan M,Boschma R A. The dynamics of interfirm networks along the industry life cycle:the case of the global video game industry,1987-2007[J]. Journal of Eco‐nomic Geography,2013,13(5):741-765.
[54] Ter Wal A L J. The dynamics of the inventor network in German biotechnology:geographic proximity versus triadic closure[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2014,14(3):589-620.
[55]李琳,雒道政.多维邻近性与创新:西方研究回顾与展望[J].经济地理,2013,33(6):1-7.
[56] Li P F,Bathelt H,Wang J. Network dynamics and cluster evolution:changing trajectories of the aluminium extrusion indus‐try in Dali,China[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2012,12(1):127-155.
[57] Bunnell T G,Coe N M. Spaces and scales of innovation[J].Progress in Human Geography,2001,25(4):569-589.
[58] Torre A,Rallet A. Proximity and localization[J]. Regional Studies,2005,39(1):47-59.
[59] Asheim B T,Isaksen A. Regional innovation systems:the integration of local"sticky"and global"ubiquitous"knowledge[J]. Journal of Technology Transfer,2002,27(1):77-86.