不同年龄三倍体毛白杨纸浆林养分循环特征
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摘要
以4个不同年龄的三倍体毛白杨纸浆林为对象,开展了养分积累及归还的研究,结果表明,随着年龄的增加,三倍体毛白杨纸浆林存留的N、P量相应增加,乔木层存留比例达95%以上;另外,通过地上凋落物、地下细根归还的N、P量也相应增加。地上凋落物归还的养分大于地下细根,需要在生产中采取措施加以保护并促进其分解。由于三倍体毛白杨归还的养分少于吸收存留的养分,因此林地土壤中N、P的总量呈现亏损状态,并随年龄的增加而增加,其中N的亏损从3年时亏损0.54%,到7年时亏损1.92%,P从3年时亏损0.35%,到7年时亏损0.52%,说明生产中要维持林木的生长,提高并改善立地生产力应补充养分来源;从不同年龄三倍体毛白杨林分的养分循环系数来看,年龄在3年、5年、6年、7年时N的归还率分别为0.347 5、0.458 5、0.488 1、0.467 8,P的归还率则分别为0.184 7、0.296 6、0.267 5、0.242 9。因此对三倍体毛白杨纸浆林来说,目前的经营措施有可能引起长期立地生产力下降,需要采取保护落叶、补充有机质来源和施肥等综合措施来提高生产力,确保纸浆林的可持续高产。
Laws of nutrient accumulation and return of four kinds of triploid Populus tomentosa pulp plantations at different ages were studied. The results showed that: the accumulation of N,P in triploid P. tomentosa pulp plantations increased with age,percent of total accumulation in arborous layer were over 95 %. Quantity of N and P returned by aboveground litter and belowground fine root litter increased with age,but the aboveground litter played key role in return nutrient,therefore it is important to employ countermeasure to protect and promote decomposition of the aboveground litter. Total of N and P in soil were in a deficit state along with the age increase,since the quantity of nutrient returned were less than the accumulation quantity. The N reduced from 0. 54 % to 1. 92 % as the plantation age increased from 3 a to 7 a,and the P reduced from 0. 35 % to 0. 52 % as the plantation age increased from 3 a to 7 a. Accordingly it requires us to replenish nutrient to maintain the tree growth and improve site productivity. The N return rate were 0. 347 5,0. 458 5,0. 488 1,0. 467 8 at the age of 3,5,6,7 respectively,and the P return rate were 0. 184 7,0. 296 6,0. 267 5,0. 242 9 at the age of 3,5,6,7 respectively. In general,management practice employed in triploid P. tomentosa pulp plantation could induce decline of long-term productivity,and it is important to protect leaf litter,replenish organic matter and fertilization to raise soil productivity and insure sustainable high yield of the pulp plantation.
Laws of nutrient accumulation and return of four kinds of triploid Populus tomentosa pulp plantations at different ages were studied. The results showed that: the accumulation of N,P in triploid P. tomentosa pulp plantations increased with age,percent of total accumulation in arborous layer were over 95 %. Quantity of N and P returned by aboveground litter and belowground fine root litter increased with age,but the aboveground litter played key role in return nutrient,therefore it is important to employ countermeasure to protect and promote decomposition of the aboveground litter. Total of N and P in soil were in a deficit state along with the age increase,since the quantity of nutrient returned were less than the accumulation quantity. The N reduced from 0. 54 % to 1. 92 % as the plantation age increased from 3 a to 7 a,and the P reduced from 0. 35 % to 0. 52 % as the plantation age increased from 3 a to 7 a. Accordingly it requires us to replenish nutrient to maintain the tree growth and improve site productivity. The N return rate were 0. 347 5,0. 458 5,0. 488 1,0. 467 8 at the age of 3,5,6,7 respectively,and the P return rate were 0. 184 7,0. 296 6,0. 267 5,0. 242 9 at the age of 3,5,6,7 respectively. In general,management practice employed in triploid P. tomentosa pulp plantation could induce decline of long-term productivity,and it is important to protect leaf litter,replenish organic matter and fertilization to raise soil productivity and insure sustainable high yield of the pulp plantation.
引文
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[11]朱之悌,林惠斌,康向阳.毛白杨异源三倍体B301等无性系选育的研究[J].林业科学,1995,31(6):499-505.
[12]赵雪梅,孙向阳,王海燕,等.不同种植密度下三倍体毛白杨林地土壤的养分消耗[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(1):42-44.
[13]赵雪梅,孙向阳,康向阳,等.短轮伐期毛白杨不同密度林分土壤有机碳和全氮动态[J].生态学报,2012,32(15):4714-4721.
[14]刘克林,孙向阳,王海燕,等.三倍体毛白杨叶片营养DRIS诊断[J].生态学报,2009,29(6):2893-2898.
[15]宋曰钦,翟明普,贾黎明.三倍体毛白杨地上凋落物对年龄的响应[J].东北林业大学学报,2010b,38(3):17-19.
[2]Das D K,Chaturvedi O P.Structure and function of Populus deltoides agroforestry systems in eastern India:2.Nutrient dynamics[J].Agroforestry Systems,2005,65(3):223-230.
[3]Helmisaari H S.Nutrient cycling in Pinus sylvestris stands in eastern Finland[J].Plant and soil,1995,168/169(1):327-336.
[4]谢会成,杨茂生.华北落叶松人工林营养元素的生物循环[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(5):49-52.
[5]张昌顺,李昆.人工林养分循环研究现状与进展[J].世界林业研究,2005,18(4):35-39.
[6]聂道平.森林生态系统营养元素的生物循环[J].林业科学研究,1991,4(4):435-440.
[7]宋曰钦.三倍体毛白杨纸浆林地力维持理论及关键技术研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2009:22-23.
[8]Vogt K A,Dahlgren R,Ugolini F,D.et al.Aluminum,Fe,Ca,Mg,K,Mn,Cu,Zn and P in above and belowground biomass.II.Pools and circulation in a subalpine Abies amabilis stand[J].Biogeochemistry,1987,4(3):295-311.
[9]Finér L,Ohashi M,Noguchi K,et al.Factors causing variation in fine root biomass in forest ecosystems[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2011,261(2):265-277.
[10]Raich J W,K J Nadelhoffer.Below ground carbon allocation in forest ecosystems:global trends[J].Ecology,1989,70(5):1346-1354.
[11]朱之悌,林惠斌,康向阳.毛白杨异源三倍体B301等无性系选育的研究[J].林业科学,1995,31(6):499-505.
[12]赵雪梅,孙向阳,王海燕,等.不同种植密度下三倍体毛白杨林地土壤的养分消耗[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(1):42-44.
[13]赵雪梅,孙向阳,康向阳,等.短轮伐期毛白杨不同密度林分土壤有机碳和全氮动态[J].生态学报,2012,32(15):4714-4721.
[14]刘克林,孙向阳,王海燕,等.三倍体毛白杨叶片营养DRIS诊断[J].生态学报,2009,29(6):2893-2898.
[15]宋曰钦,翟明普,贾黎明.三倍体毛白杨地上凋落物对年龄的响应[J].东北林业大学学报,2010b,38(3):17-19.