红丁香的花部特征与繁育系统
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摘要
通过对红丁香的花部特征观测、花粉形态扫描、花粉-胚珠比测定、柱头可授性测定、杂交指数判定及人工授粉实验,研究了红丁香的花部综合特征与繁育系统类型。结果表明:红丁香花期为5月底至6月初,单花花期5～6d;单花干柱头缩入式雌雄异位,长椭圆形、网脊光滑。雄蕊2～3枚,贴壁生长,花粉三孔沟;红丁香的花粉活力在开花第1天最高,之后逐渐降低,第5天活力丧失;柱头可授性先上升后下降,第4天达到顶峰;杂交指数(OCI)为4,P/O值为9 500,结合人工授粉实验认为,红丁香自交授粉部分亲和,异株授粉座果率高,其繁育系统属兼性自交,以异交为主,需要以昆虫作为传粉媒介。估算发现,红丁香单花序潜在的种子产量为8.6g,而实际花序的种子产量为2.3g左右,只占潜在种子产量的26.3%,具有巨大的提高产量空间。
We did research on flower feature and breeding system of Syringa villosa by studying flower feature,pollen morphology,pollen-ovule ratio,stigma receptivity,hybrid index and artificial pollination.The results showed that S.villosa blooms from late May to early June,and single flower blossom generally lasts for 5 to 6 d.2 or 3 stamens grew on the upper part of the corolla tube,while the long oval dry pistil grows at the bottom of corolla tube which has smooth mesh.The pollen was tricolporate and the pollen vitality decrease along with the day then finally lose viability at the fifth day.The stigma receptivity enhance first and then weaken.The highest receptivity was observed at the fourth day.Its outcross index(OCI)was 4 and pollen-ovule ratio(P/O)was 9 500.Combined with artificial pollination experiments,it is believed that the self-pollination of Syringa villosais partially affinity,and the fertile fruit rate of heterologous pollination is high.The breeding system of Syringa villosa was facultative self-intersection which mainly relys on outcross needing insects as pollinator.It was estimated that the potential seed yield of single flower inflorescence was 8.6 g while the actual was about 2.3 g,which accounts for only 26.3%.So it has huge room to increase yield.
We did research on flower feature and breeding system of Syringa villosa by studying flower feature,pollen morphology,pollen-ovule ratio,stigma receptivity,hybrid index and artificial pollination.The results showed that S.villosa blooms from late May to early June,and single flower blossom generally lasts for 5 to 6 d.2 or 3 stamens grew on the upper part of the corolla tube,while the long oval dry pistil grows at the bottom of corolla tube which has smooth mesh.The pollen was tricolporate and the pollen vitality decrease along with the day then finally lose viability at the fifth day.The stigma receptivity enhance first and then weaken.The highest receptivity was observed at the fourth day.Its outcross index(OCI)was 4 and pollen-ovule ratio(P/O)was 9 500.Combined with artificial pollination experiments,it is believed that the self-pollination of Syringa villosais partially affinity,and the fertile fruit rate of heterologous pollination is high.The breeding system of Syringa villosa was facultative self-intersection which mainly relys on outcross needing insects as pollinator.It was estimated that the potential seed yield of single flower inflorescence was 8.6 g while the actual was about 2.3 g,which accounts for only 26.3%.So it has huge room to increase yield.
引文
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[15]马玉梅,张云,秦景逸,等.膜苞鸢尾的开花特性及繁育系统[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(3):44-47.
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[18]Wang CY,Dang CL.Plant mating system and its evolutionary mechanism in relation to population adaptation[J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,1999,17(2):163-172.
[19]李平英,王军辉,韩云花,等.灰楸的繁育系统[J].东北林业大学学报,2012,40(2):13-16.
[20]Vogler DW,Kalisz S.Sex among the flowers:the distribution of plant mating systems[J].Evolution,2001,55:202-204.
[21]Chauhan S,Chauhan SVS,Galetto L.Floral and pollination biology,breeding system and nectar traits of Callistemon citrinus(Myrtaceae)cultivated in India[J].South African Journal of Botany,2017,111:319-325.
[22]Zoeller KC,Midgley JJ,Johnson SD,et al.Floral biology and breeding systems of geoflorous Protea species(Proteaceae)[J].South African Journal of Botany,2017,112:452-459.
[23]Shong ZP,Guo YH,Huang SQ.Studies on the breeding system of Limnocharis flava(Butomaceae)[J].Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica,2000,38(1):53-59.
[24]别鹏飞,唐婷,胡进耀,等.珍稀濒危植物距瓣尾囊草(Urophysa rochkii)的开花物候和繁育系统特性[J].生态学报,2018(11):1-9.
[25]付玉嫔,陈少瑜,吴涛.濒危植物大果木莲与中缅木莲的花部特征及繁育系统比较[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(4):6-10.
[26]牟勇,张云红,娄安如.稀有植物小丛红景天花部综合特征与繁育系统[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(3):528-535.
[27]吴国良,杨志红,刘群龙.丁香开花授粉生物学特性研究[J].北京林业大学学报,1998,20(2):122-124.
[2]Marki PZ,Fabre PH,Jnsson KA,et al.Breeding system evolution influenced the geographic expansion and diversification of the core Corvoidea(Aves:Passeriformes)[J].Evolution,2015,69(7):1 874-1 924.
[3]李清河,徐军,高婷婷,等.白刺属植物的繁育系统与开花结实特征[J].东北林业大学学报,2013,41(9):68-71,97.
[4]崔洪霞,蒋高明,臧淑英.丁香属植物的地理分布及其起源演化[J].植物研究,2004,24(2):141-145.
[5]李爱平.红丁香生物学特性及快繁技术研究[J].内蒙古林业科技,2007,33(4):26-28.
[6]钱雪,张友民,张达维,等.丁香属植物红丁香解剖结构及其抗旱适应性[J].北方园艺,2017(8):70-75.
[7]陈燕,陈进勇,刘燕,等.红丁香引种栽培条件下种子败育的解剖学研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2012(6):107-114.
[8]周莉,代力民,徐杰,等.丁香花粉生命力及贮藏力的研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2003,34(1):16-19.
[9]Dafni A.Pollination ecology:apractical approach.Oxford University Press,1992.
[10]张建,邢艳萍,赵鑫,等.长春蒲公英花部综合征与繁育系统研究[J].种子,2013,32(5):17-19.
[11]陈翔,黄家勇,黄承玲,等.黔西北杜鹃属植物宏观形态学特征研究[J].种子,2013,32(8):51-55.
[12]张芹,李保会,彭伟秀.3种丁香花粉离体萌发和贮藏条件研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2013(5):43-47,103.
[13]张雅荣,宛涛,蔡萍,等.冷蒿的开花动态与花粉活力及柱头可授性研究[J].中国草地学报,2012(1):108-112.
[14]陈雄伟,邵玲,梁广坚,等.紫背天葵花部特征与繁育系统的研究[J].园艺学报,2013,40(2):363-372.
[15]马玉梅,张云,秦景逸,等.膜苞鸢尾的开花特性及繁育系统[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(3):44-47.
[16]Robert William Cruden.Pollen-Ovule Ratios:A Conservative Indicator of Breeding Systems in Flowering Plants[J].Evolution;international journal of organic evolution,1977,31(1):32.
[17]刘佳,王文祥,朱翔,等.多花黄精开花动态及传粉方式研究[J].种子,2017,36(4):41-45.
[18]Wang CY,Dang CL.Plant mating system and its evolutionary mechanism in relation to population adaptation[J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,1999,17(2):163-172.
[19]李平英,王军辉,韩云花,等.灰楸的繁育系统[J].东北林业大学学报,2012,40(2):13-16.
[20]Vogler DW,Kalisz S.Sex among the flowers:the distribution of plant mating systems[J].Evolution,2001,55:202-204.
[21]Chauhan S,Chauhan SVS,Galetto L.Floral and pollination biology,breeding system and nectar traits of Callistemon citrinus(Myrtaceae)cultivated in India[J].South African Journal of Botany,2017,111:319-325.
[22]Zoeller KC,Midgley JJ,Johnson SD,et al.Floral biology and breeding systems of geoflorous Protea species(Proteaceae)[J].South African Journal of Botany,2017,112:452-459.
[23]Shong ZP,Guo YH,Huang SQ.Studies on the breeding system of Limnocharis flava(Butomaceae)[J].Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica,2000,38(1):53-59.
[24]别鹏飞,唐婷,胡进耀,等.珍稀濒危植物距瓣尾囊草(Urophysa rochkii)的开花物候和繁育系统特性[J].生态学报,2018(11):1-9.
[25]付玉嫔,陈少瑜,吴涛.濒危植物大果木莲与中缅木莲的花部特征及繁育系统比较[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(4):6-10.
[26]牟勇,张云红,娄安如.稀有植物小丛红景天花部综合特征与繁育系统[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(3):528-535.
[27]吴国良,杨志红,刘群龙.丁香开花授粉生物学特性研究[J].北京林业大学学报,1998,20(2):122-124.