河南省嵩山区元古代嵩山群底部的主滑脱带
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摘要
河南省嵩山区位于中朝地台南部,区内发育被2个角度不整合面分隔开的3个前寒武纪岩群,一个主滑脱带沿着嵩山群与登封群间不整合面发育.滑脱带之上的早元古代嵩山群形成近南北向的褶皱带,因此,嵩山群岩石在主滑脱带之上形成无根的独立构造.与滑脱带下伏的太古宙登封群很少有关系.主滑脱带厚4～30m,沿着主滑脱带,登封群角闪岩相岩石强烈退变质到绿片岩相矿物组合,主滑脱带发育在脆韧性过渡域.多尺度的观察指出,主滑脱带的形成受地壳成分分层导致的流变学分层性所制约,而且地层柱底部软弱面或地质界面是近水平的滑脱带发育的优选位置.显然,对滑脱带的发育还必须考虑水解弱化作用.
The Songshan area of Henan Province is tectonically located in the southern part of the Sino-Korean craton.It is marked by the three groups of Precambrian separated by two unconformities.A master décollement horizon developed along the unconformity between the Dengfeng Group below and the Songshan Group above.The lower Songshan Group above the décollement horizon formed a nearly N-S trending folded belt.Therefore,Songshan Group structures have little relation with the Archaean Dengfeng Group below the décollement.The thickness of the master décollement horizon ranges from 4 to 30 m.Along this décollement horizon,the Denfeng Group amphibolite facies rock assemblage was strongly retrograded to that with superimposed greenschist facies mineral paragensis.The development of the décollment occurs near the brittle/ductle transition field.Our observations in various scales show that the formation of the décollement horizon is controlled by the rheological stratification which was induced by compositional layering of the crust.It is suggested that the weak interval or interface at the base of a stratigraphic sequence may be preferred structural level for the localization of sub-horizontal décollement zones.It is also clear that consideration of hydrolytic weakening is necessary to unravel the development of the décollement horizon.
The Songshan area of Henan Province is tectonically located in the southern part of the Sino-Korean craton.It is marked by the three groups of Precambrian separated by two unconformities.A master décollement horizon developed along the unconformity between the Dengfeng Group below and the Songshan Group above.The lower Songshan Group above the décollement horizon formed a nearly N-S trending folded belt.Therefore,Songshan Group structures have little relation with the Archaean Dengfeng Group below the décollement.The thickness of the master décollement horizon ranges from 4 to 30 m.Along this décollement horizon,the Denfeng Group amphibolite facies rock assemblage was strongly retrograded to that with superimposed greenschist facies mineral paragensis.The development of the décollment occurs near the brittle/ductle transition field.Our observations in various scales show that the formation of the décollement horizon is controlled by the rheological stratification which was induced by compositional layering of the crust.It is suggested that the weak interval or interface at the base of a stratigraphic sequence may be preferred structural level for the localization of sub-horizontal décollement zones.It is also clear that consideration of hydrolytic weakening is necessary to unravel the development of the décollement horizon.
引文
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Coney,P.J.,1974.Structural Analysis of the Snake Range‘Décollement’,East-Central Nevada.Geological Society of America Bulletin,85(6):973.https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85<973:saotsr>2.0.co;2
Coney,P.J.,1989.Structural Aspects of Suspect Terranes and Accretionary Tectonics in Western North America.Journal of Structural Geology,11(1-2):107-125.https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(89)90038-2
Davis,G.H.,1983.Shear-Zone Model for the Origin of Metamorphic Core Complexes.Geology,11(6):342.https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1983)11<342:smftoo>2.0.co;2
Handy,M.R.,1990.The Solid-State Flow of Polymineralic Rocks.Journal of Geophysical Research,95(B6):8647.https://doi.org/10.1029/jb095ib06p08647
Harris,L.D.,1976.Thin-Skinned Tectonics and Potential Hydrocarbon Traps,Illustrated by a Seismic Profile in the Valley and Ridge Province of Tennessee,U.S..Geoloyical Survey Journal of Reseach,4:379-386.
Harris,L.D.,Bayer,K.C.,1979.Sequential Development of the Appalachian Orogen above a Master DecollementA Hypothesis.Geology,7(12):568.https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1979)7<568:sdotao>2.0.co;2
Haug,E.,1912.Traitéde Géologie.Nature,89:551-552.
Hu,G.H.,Zhou,Y.Y.,Zhao,T.P.,2012.Geochemistry of Proterozoic Wufoshan Group Sedimentary Rocks in the Songshan Area,Henan Province:Implications for Provenance and Tectonic Setting.Acta Petrologica Sinica,28(11):3692-3704(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jia,C.Z.,Lei,Y.L.,Chen,Z.X.,2014.Progress and Development Features of Structural Geology and Tectonics.Geological Review,60(4):709-720(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jin,Z.M.,Zhang,J.,Green II,H.W.,et al.,2001.Eclogite Rheology:Implications for Subducted Lithosphere.Geology,29(8):667.https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0667:erifsl>2.0.co;2
Lao,Z.Q.,Wang,S.Y.,Zhang,L.,et al.,1996.Precambrian Geological Structures and Evolution in the Songshan Area,Henan Province.China Environmental Science Press,Beijing,87-95(in Chinese).
Liu,R.Q.,You,Z.D.,Suo,S.T.,et al.,1980.Deformation and Metamorphic History of the Presinian Rock Groups in the Songshan Area,Henan Province,China.Scientia Sinica,23(8):1022-1088.
Lugeon,M.,1900.Les Dislocation des Bauges(Savoie).Bull.Serv.Carte Géol.France,11(77):359-474.
Ma,X.Y.,1957.On the Pre-Cambrian Stratigraphy of the Sungshan Area,Honan,and the Problems of Its Correlation.Acta Geologica Sinica,31(1):11-32,129-134(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ma,X.Y.,2004.Analytical Tectonics.Geological Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
Ma,X.Y.,Suo,S.T.,You,Z.D.,et al.,1981.Tectonic Deformation of the Songshan Area,Henan Province,ChinaGravitational Tectonics,Structural Analysis.Geological Pullishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
Paterson,M.S.,1987.Problems in the Extrapolation of Laboratory Rheological Data.Tectonophysics,133(1-2):33-43.https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(87)90278-2
Philipp,S.L.,2012.Fluid Overpressure Estimates from the Aspect Ratios of Mineral Veins.Tectonophysics,581:35-47.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.01.015
Ranalli,G.,1997.Rheology of the Lithosphere in Space and Time.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,121:19-37.https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.02
Suo,S.T.,Zhong,Z.Q.,2004.Chief Study about beyond Plate Tectonics:Rheology and Orogenesis of the Continents.Geological Science and Technology Information,23(1):72(in Chinese).
Suppe,J.,1985.Principle of Structural Geology.PrenticeHall,Inc.,New Jersey.
Tang,K.D.,Yang,J.H.,1978.Discussion on the Problem of Songyang Movement.Proceedings of Shenyang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Shenyang(in Chinese).
Treagus,S.H.,2003.Viscous Anisotropy of Two-Phase Composites,and Applications to Rocks and Structures.Tectonophysics,372(3-4):121-133.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(03)00239-7
Wang,Y.L.,1960.Observation of Songshan Geology.Geological Review,20(5):191-196(in Chinese).
You,Z.D.,Zhong,Z.Q.,Zhou,H.W.,2001.The Role of Fluid Flow during Regional Metamorphism.Earth Science Frontiers,8(3):157-164(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang,B.S.,1951.Songyang Movement and Wutai System in the Songshan Area.Geological Review,16(1):79-81(in Chinese).
Zhang,E.D.,1954.Precambrian Succession in the Songshan Area,Henan Province.Acta Geologica Sinica,34(2):197-208(in Chinese).
Zhao,T.P.,Zhang,Z.H.,Zhou,Y.Y.,et al.,2012.Precambrian Geology of the Songshan Area,China.Geological Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
程胜利,孙宝玲,苗雨国,等,2008.嵩山地质实习指南.北京:地质出版社.
胡国辉,周艳艳,赵太平,2012.河南嵩山地区元古宙五佛山群沉积岩的地球化学特征及其对物源区和构造环境的制约.岩石学报,28(11):3692-3704.
贾承造,雷永良,陈竹新,2014.构造地质学的进展与学科发展特点.地质论评,60(4):709-720.
劳子强,王世炎,张良,等,1996.嵩山地区前寒武纪地质构造及演化.北京:中国环境科学出版社,87-95.
马杏垣,1957.关于河南嵩山区的前寒武纪地层及其对比问题.地质学报,31(1):11-32,129-134.
马杏垣,2004.解析构造学.北京:地质出版社.
马杏垣,索书田,游振东,等,1981.嵩山构造变形---重力构造、构造解析.北京:地质出版社.
索书田,钟增球,2004.超越板块构造---大陆流变学和造山作用的主要研究课题.地质科学情报,23(1):72.
唐克东,杨杰华,1981.关于嵩阳运动问题的讨论.沈阳:中国地质科学院沈阳地质矿产研究所文集.
王曰伦,1960.嵩山地质观察.地质论评,20(5):191-196.
游振东,钟增球,周汉文,2001.区域变质作用中的流体.地学前缘,8(3):157-164.
张伯声,1951.嵩阳运动和嵩山区的五台系.地质论评,16(1):79-81.
张尔道,1954.河南嵩山区前寒武纪地层.地质学报,34(2):197-208.
赵太平,张忠慧,周艳艳,等,2012.中国嵩山前寒武纪地质.北京:地质出版社.
Cheng,S.L.,Sun,B.L.,Miao,Y.G.,et al.,2008.Guide Book to Geological Practice in the Songshan Area,China.Geological Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
Coney,P.J.,1974.Structural Analysis of the Snake Range‘Décollement’,East-Central Nevada.Geological Society of America Bulletin,85(6):973.https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85<973:saotsr>2.0.co;2
Coney,P.J.,1989.Structural Aspects of Suspect Terranes and Accretionary Tectonics in Western North America.Journal of Structural Geology,11(1-2):107-125.https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(89)90038-2
Davis,G.H.,1983.Shear-Zone Model for the Origin of Metamorphic Core Complexes.Geology,11(6):342.https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1983)11<342:smftoo>2.0.co;2
Handy,M.R.,1990.The Solid-State Flow of Polymineralic Rocks.Journal of Geophysical Research,95(B6):8647.https://doi.org/10.1029/jb095ib06p08647
Harris,L.D.,1976.Thin-Skinned Tectonics and Potential Hydrocarbon Traps,Illustrated by a Seismic Profile in the Valley and Ridge Province of Tennessee,U.S..Geoloyical Survey Journal of Reseach,4:379-386.
Harris,L.D.,Bayer,K.C.,1979.Sequential Development of the Appalachian Orogen above a Master DecollementA Hypothesis.Geology,7(12):568.https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1979)7<568:sdotao>2.0.co;2
Haug,E.,1912.Traitéde Géologie.Nature,89:551-552.
Hu,G.H.,Zhou,Y.Y.,Zhao,T.P.,2012.Geochemistry of Proterozoic Wufoshan Group Sedimentary Rocks in the Songshan Area,Henan Province:Implications for Provenance and Tectonic Setting.Acta Petrologica Sinica,28(11):3692-3704(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jia,C.Z.,Lei,Y.L.,Chen,Z.X.,2014.Progress and Development Features of Structural Geology and Tectonics.Geological Review,60(4):709-720(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jin,Z.M.,Zhang,J.,Green II,H.W.,et al.,2001.Eclogite Rheology:Implications for Subducted Lithosphere.Geology,29(8):667.https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0667:erifsl>2.0.co;2
Lao,Z.Q.,Wang,S.Y.,Zhang,L.,et al.,1996.Precambrian Geological Structures and Evolution in the Songshan Area,Henan Province.China Environmental Science Press,Beijing,87-95(in Chinese).
Liu,R.Q.,You,Z.D.,Suo,S.T.,et al.,1980.Deformation and Metamorphic History of the Presinian Rock Groups in the Songshan Area,Henan Province,China.Scientia Sinica,23(8):1022-1088.
Lugeon,M.,1900.Les Dislocation des Bauges(Savoie).Bull.Serv.Carte Géol.France,11(77):359-474.
Ma,X.Y.,1957.On the Pre-Cambrian Stratigraphy of the Sungshan Area,Honan,and the Problems of Its Correlation.Acta Geologica Sinica,31(1):11-32,129-134(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ma,X.Y.,2004.Analytical Tectonics.Geological Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
Ma,X.Y.,Suo,S.T.,You,Z.D.,et al.,1981.Tectonic Deformation of the Songshan Area,Henan Province,ChinaGravitational Tectonics,Structural Analysis.Geological Pullishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
Paterson,M.S.,1987.Problems in the Extrapolation of Laboratory Rheological Data.Tectonophysics,133(1-2):33-43.https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(87)90278-2
Philipp,S.L.,2012.Fluid Overpressure Estimates from the Aspect Ratios of Mineral Veins.Tectonophysics,581:35-47.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.01.015
Ranalli,G.,1997.Rheology of the Lithosphere in Space and Time.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,121:19-37.https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.02
Suo,S.T.,Zhong,Z.Q.,2004.Chief Study about beyond Plate Tectonics:Rheology and Orogenesis of the Continents.Geological Science and Technology Information,23(1):72(in Chinese).
Suppe,J.,1985.Principle of Structural Geology.PrenticeHall,Inc.,New Jersey.
Tang,K.D.,Yang,J.H.,1978.Discussion on the Problem of Songyang Movement.Proceedings of Shenyang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Shenyang(in Chinese).
Treagus,S.H.,2003.Viscous Anisotropy of Two-Phase Composites,and Applications to Rocks and Structures.Tectonophysics,372(3-4):121-133.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(03)00239-7
Wang,Y.L.,1960.Observation of Songshan Geology.Geological Review,20(5):191-196(in Chinese).
You,Z.D.,Zhong,Z.Q.,Zhou,H.W.,2001.The Role of Fluid Flow during Regional Metamorphism.Earth Science Frontiers,8(3):157-164(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang,B.S.,1951.Songyang Movement and Wutai System in the Songshan Area.Geological Review,16(1):79-81(in Chinese).
Zhang,E.D.,1954.Precambrian Succession in the Songshan Area,Henan Province.Acta Geologica Sinica,34(2):197-208(in Chinese).
Zhao,T.P.,Zhang,Z.H.,Zhou,Y.Y.,et al.,2012.Precambrian Geology of the Songshan Area,China.Geological Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
程胜利,孙宝玲,苗雨国,等,2008.嵩山地质实习指南.北京:地质出版社.
胡国辉,周艳艳,赵太平,2012.河南嵩山地区元古宙五佛山群沉积岩的地球化学特征及其对物源区和构造环境的制约.岩石学报,28(11):3692-3704.
贾承造,雷永良,陈竹新,2014.构造地质学的进展与学科发展特点.地质论评,60(4):709-720.
劳子强,王世炎,张良,等,1996.嵩山地区前寒武纪地质构造及演化.北京:中国环境科学出版社,87-95.
马杏垣,1957.关于河南嵩山区的前寒武纪地层及其对比问题.地质学报,31(1):11-32,129-134.
马杏垣,2004.解析构造学.北京:地质出版社.
马杏垣,索书田,游振东,等,1981.嵩山构造变形---重力构造、构造解析.北京:地质出版社.
索书田,钟增球,2004.超越板块构造---大陆流变学和造山作用的主要研究课题.地质科学情报,23(1):72.
唐克东,杨杰华,1981.关于嵩阳运动问题的讨论.沈阳:中国地质科学院沈阳地质矿产研究所文集.
王曰伦,1960.嵩山地质观察.地质论评,20(5):191-196.
游振东,钟增球,周汉文,2001.区域变质作用中的流体.地学前缘,8(3):157-164.
张伯声,1951.嵩阳运动和嵩山区的五台系.地质论评,16(1):79-81.
张尔道,1954.河南嵩山区前寒武纪地层.地质学报,34(2):197-208.
赵太平,张忠慧,周艳艳,等,2012.中国嵩山前寒武纪地质.北京:地质出版社.
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