系统功能语言学学术思想的源起、流变、融合与发展
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摘要
本文全面追溯了Halliday九大学术思想的渊源与流变,回顾了Fawcett四大学术思想的融合与发展,讨论了系统功能语言学学术思想的发展空间。在此基础上,通过借鉴、吸收和融合认知科学、语料库语言学、计算语言学、语言类型学、生物语言学等学科理论和超学科视角,本文尝试完善Fawcett提出的认知思想,并提出语言类型思想、生态思想和超学科思想,以期为系统功能语言学在后Halliday时代的创新与发展提供借鉴。
This paper provides an account of the origins of nine thoughts concerning Systemic Functional Linguistics(SFL) by Halliday and of the integrative development of four thoughts by Fawcett,and discusses the limitations of SFL. On the basis of that, the paper is intended to further develop Fawcett's cognitive thinking and proposes typological, ecological and transdisciplinary ideas by the integration with Cognitive Sciences, Corpus Linguistics, Computational Linguistics, Linguistic Typology, Biological Linguistics, Ecolinguistics and transdisciplinarity. It is hoped that these newly proposed ideas can help push SFL forward in the Post-Hallidayan Era.
This paper provides an account of the origins of nine thoughts concerning Systemic Functional Linguistics(SFL) by Halliday and of the integrative development of four thoughts by Fawcett,and discusses the limitations of SFL. On the basis of that, the paper is intended to further develop Fawcett's cognitive thinking and proposes typological, ecological and transdisciplinary ideas by the integration with Cognitive Sciences, Corpus Linguistics, Computational Linguistics, Linguistic Typology, Biological Linguistics, Ecolinguistics and transdisciplinarity. It is hoped that these newly proposed ideas can help push SFL forward in the Post-Hallidayan Era.
引文
Caffarel,A.,J.Martin&C.Matthiessen(eds.).2004.Language Typology:A Functional Perspective[C].Amsterdam:John Benjamins.
Chomsky,N.1957.Syntactic Structures[M].The Hague:Mouton.
Chomsky,N.1965.Aspects of the Theory of Syntax[M].Cambridge,MA.:The MIT Press.
Davey,A.1978.Discourse Production:A Computer Model of Some Aspects of a Speaker[M].Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press.
Fawcett,R.1980.Cognitive Linguistics and Social Interaction:Towards an Integrated Model of a Systemic Functional Grammar and the Other Components of a Communicating Mind[M].Heidelberg:Julius Groos.
Fawcett,R.2000.A Theory of Syntax for Systemic Functional Linguistics[M].Amsterdam:John Benjamins.
Fawcett,R.forthcoming.The Functional Semantics Handbook:Analyzing English at the Level of Meaning[M].London:Equinox.
Fawcett,R.&G.Tucker.1990.Demonstration of GENESYS:A very large,semantically based systemic functional grammar[A].In H.Karlgren(ed.).Proceedings of COLING 90(Vol.1)[C].Morristown,N.J.:Bell Communication Research.47-49.
Firth,J.1935.The technique of semantics[J].Transactions of the Philological Society 1:36-73.
Firth,J.1951/1957.Modes of meaning[A].In J.Firth(ed.).Papers in Linguistics:1934-1951[C].Oxford:OUP.190-215.
Greenberg,J.1963.Some universals of grammar with particular reference to the order of meaningful elements[A].In J.Greenberg(ed.).Universals of Language[C].Cambridge,MA.:The MIT Press.58-90.
H?berli,R.et al.2001.Synthesis[A].In J.Klein et al.(eds.).Transdisciplinarity:Joint Problem Solving Among Science,Technology,and Society[C].Basel:Birkhauser.6-22.
Halliday,M.1955.The Language of the Chinese“Secret History of the Mongols”[D].Ph.D.Dissertation.Cambridge University.
Halliday,M.1956.Grammatical categories in modern Chinese[J].Transactions of the Philosophical Society 155(1):77-224.
Halliday M.1961.Categories of the theory of grammar[J].Word 17:241-292.
Halliday M.1966.Some notes on“deep”grammar[J].Journal of Linguistics 2:57-67.
Halliday,M.1967a.Notes on transitivity and theme in English:Part 1[J].Journal of Linguistics 3:37-82.
Halliday,M.1967b.Notes on transitivity and theme in English:Part 2[J].Journal of Linguistics 3:199-244.
Halliday,M.1968.Notes on transitivity and theme in English:Part 3[J].Journal of linguistics 4:179-215.
Halliday,M.1970.Language structure and language function[A].In J.Lyons(ed.).New Horizons in Linguistics[C].Harmondsworth:Penguin.140-165.
Halliday,M.1978.Language as Social Semiotic:The Social Interpretation of Language and Meaning[M].London:Arnold.
Halliday,M.1979.The ontogenesis of dialogue[A].In W.Dressler(ed.).Proceedings of the Twelfth International Congress of Linguistics[C].Innsbruck:Innsbrucker Beitr?ge Zur Sprackwissenschaft.539-544.
Halliday,M.1990.New ways of meaning:The challenge to applied linguistics[J].Journal of Applied Linguistics 6:7-36.
Halliday,M.1990/2007.On the concept of“educational linguistics”[A].In J.Webster(ed.).Language and Linguistics[C].London:Continuum.354-367.
Halliday,M.2008.Working with meaning:Towards an appliable linguistics[A].In J.Webster(ed.).Meaning in Context:Implementing Intelligent Applications of Language Studies[C].London:Continuum.7-23.
Halliday,M.&R.Fawcett(eds.).1987.New Developments in Systemic Linguistics,Volume 1:Theory and Description[C].London:Pinter.
Halliday,M.&Z.James.1993.A quantitative study of polarity and primary tense in the English finite clause[A].In J.Sinclair,M.Hoey&G.Fox(eds.).Techniques of Description:Spoken and Written Discourse[C].London:Routledge.32-66.
Halliday,M.&C.Matthiessen.1999.Construing Experience Through Meaning:A Languagebased Approach to Cognition[M].London:Continuum.
Halliday,M.&C.Matthiessen.2004.An Introduction to Functional Grammar(3rd edition)[M].London:Arnold.
Halliday,M.&C.Matthiessen 2014.Halliday’s Introduction to Functional Grammar(4th edition)[M].London:Routledge.
Halliday,M.,A.McIntosh&P.Stevens.1964/2007.The users and uses of language[A].In J.Webster(ed.).Language and Society[C].London:Continuum.5-37.
Haugen,E.1972.The Ecology of Language[M].Stanford,CA.:Stanford University Press.
Hjelmslev,L.1953/1961.Prolegomena to a Theory of Language[M].Madison,WI.:The University of Wisconsin Press.
Hudson,R.1974.Systemic generative grammar[J].Linguistics 139:5-42.
Jenkins,J.2013.Biolinguistics:A historical perspective[A].In C.Boeckx&K.Grohmann(eds.).The Cambridge Handbook of Biolinguistics[C].Cambridge:CUP.4-11.
Malinowski,B.1923.The problem of meaning in primitive languages(Supplement I)[A].In C.Ogden&I.Richards(eds.)Meaning of Meaning:A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism[C].London:Kegan Paul.296-336.
Piaget,J.1972.The epistemology of interdisciplinary relationships[A].In L.Apostel et al.(eds.).Interdisciplinarity:Problems of Teaching and Research in Universities[C].Paris:Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.127-139.
Quirk,R.,S.Greenbaum,G.Leech&J.Svartvik.1985.A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language[M].London:Longman.
Saussure,F.de.1916.Cours de linguistique générale[M].Paris:Payot.
Teruya,K.2004.Metafunctional profile of the grammar of Japanese[A].In A.Caffarel,J.Martin&C.Matthiessen(eds.).Language Typology:A Functional Perspective[C].Amsterdam:John Benjamins.185-254.
Winograd,T.1972.Understanding Natural Language[M].Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press.
韩礼德,2011,篇章、语篇、信息--系统功能语言学视角[J],姜望琪、付毓玲译,《北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》(1):137-146。
韩礼德、胡壮麟、朱永生,2010,Interviewing Professor M.A.K.Halliday by Hu Zhuanglin and Zhu Yongsheng[J],《中国外语》(6):17-24。
何伟、张瑞杰,2017,生态话语分析模式构建[J],《中国外语》(5):56-64。
何伟、仲伟,2018,汉语非限定小句之功能研究[J],《语文研究》(3):1-7。
胡壮麟,2013,系统功能语言学家的超学科研究[J],《外语与外语教学》(3):1-5。
胡壮麟,2014,系统功能语言学的认知观[J],《外语学刊》(3):44-50。
黄国文,2017,从系统功能语言学到生态语言学[J],《外语教学》(5):1-7。
李颖、冯志伟,2015,计算语言学的超学科研究[J],《现代外语》(3):407-415。
梁茂成,2012,语料库语言学研究的两种范式:渊源、分歧及前景[J],《外语教学与研究》(3):323-335。
刘丹青,2003,语言类型学与汉语研究[J],《世界汉语教学》(4):5-12。
刘颖,2014,《计算语言学》(修订版)[M]。北京:清华大学出版社。
陆丙甫,2006,“形式描写、功能解释”的当代语言类型学[J],《东方语言学》(00):10-21。
沈家煊,2009,语言类型学的眼光[J],《语言文字应用》(3):11-13。
王力,1943,《中国现代语法》[M]。上海:商务印书馆。
王寅,2002,认知语言学的哲学基础:体验哲学[J],《外语教学与研究》(2):82-89。
王振华,2013,第39届国际系统功能语言学大会综述[J],《外语教学与研究》(4):617-622。
许家金,2017,语料库研究学术源流考[J],《外语教学与研究》(1):51-63。
严世清,2012,意义进化论理论溯源[J],《外语教学与研究》(1):45-53。
张德禄,2018,系统功能语言学60年发展趋势探索[J],《外语教学与研究》(1):37-48。
1系统功能语言学创始人Halliday于悉尼时间2018年4月15日晚8时左右仙逝。谨以此文悼念先生。
2韩礼德（2011:137）认为，“篇章”和“语篇”基本上属于“同一事物”，可以“互相定义”，只是看问题的角度有别：篇章强调“语言过程”；语篇则强调“社会文化语境”。
Chomsky,N.1957.Syntactic Structures[M].The Hague:Mouton.
Chomsky,N.1965.Aspects of the Theory of Syntax[M].Cambridge,MA.:The MIT Press.
Davey,A.1978.Discourse Production:A Computer Model of Some Aspects of a Speaker[M].Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press.
Fawcett,R.1980.Cognitive Linguistics and Social Interaction:Towards an Integrated Model of a Systemic Functional Grammar and the Other Components of a Communicating Mind[M].Heidelberg:Julius Groos.
Fawcett,R.2000.A Theory of Syntax for Systemic Functional Linguistics[M].Amsterdam:John Benjamins.
Fawcett,R.forthcoming.The Functional Semantics Handbook:Analyzing English at the Level of Meaning[M].London:Equinox.
Fawcett,R.&G.Tucker.1990.Demonstration of GENESYS:A very large,semantically based systemic functional grammar[A].In H.Karlgren(ed.).Proceedings of COLING 90(Vol.1)[C].Morristown,N.J.:Bell Communication Research.47-49.
Firth,J.1935.The technique of semantics[J].Transactions of the Philological Society 1:36-73.
Firth,J.1951/1957.Modes of meaning[A].In J.Firth(ed.).Papers in Linguistics:1934-1951[C].Oxford:OUP.190-215.
Greenberg,J.1963.Some universals of grammar with particular reference to the order of meaningful elements[A].In J.Greenberg(ed.).Universals of Language[C].Cambridge,MA.:The MIT Press.58-90.
H?berli,R.et al.2001.Synthesis[A].In J.Klein et al.(eds.).Transdisciplinarity:Joint Problem Solving Among Science,Technology,and Society[C].Basel:Birkhauser.6-22.
Halliday,M.1955.The Language of the Chinese“Secret History of the Mongols”[D].Ph.D.Dissertation.Cambridge University.
Halliday,M.1956.Grammatical categories in modern Chinese[J].Transactions of the Philosophical Society 155(1):77-224.
Halliday M.1961.Categories of the theory of grammar[J].Word 17:241-292.
Halliday M.1966.Some notes on“deep”grammar[J].Journal of Linguistics 2:57-67.
Halliday,M.1967a.Notes on transitivity and theme in English:Part 1[J].Journal of Linguistics 3:37-82.
Halliday,M.1967b.Notes on transitivity and theme in English:Part 2[J].Journal of Linguistics 3:199-244.
Halliday,M.1968.Notes on transitivity and theme in English:Part 3[J].Journal of linguistics 4:179-215.
Halliday,M.1970.Language structure and language function[A].In J.Lyons(ed.).New Horizons in Linguistics[C].Harmondsworth:Penguin.140-165.
Halliday,M.1978.Language as Social Semiotic:The Social Interpretation of Language and Meaning[M].London:Arnold.
Halliday,M.1979.The ontogenesis of dialogue[A].In W.Dressler(ed.).Proceedings of the Twelfth International Congress of Linguistics[C].Innsbruck:Innsbrucker Beitr?ge Zur Sprackwissenschaft.539-544.
Halliday,M.1990.New ways of meaning:The challenge to applied linguistics[J].Journal of Applied Linguistics 6:7-36.
Halliday,M.1990/2007.On the concept of“educational linguistics”[A].In J.Webster(ed.).Language and Linguistics[C].London:Continuum.354-367.
Halliday,M.2008.Working with meaning:Towards an appliable linguistics[A].In J.Webster(ed.).Meaning in Context:Implementing Intelligent Applications of Language Studies[C].London:Continuum.7-23.
Halliday,M.&R.Fawcett(eds.).1987.New Developments in Systemic Linguistics,Volume 1:Theory and Description[C].London:Pinter.
Halliday,M.&Z.James.1993.A quantitative study of polarity and primary tense in the English finite clause[A].In J.Sinclair,M.Hoey&G.Fox(eds.).Techniques of Description:Spoken and Written Discourse[C].London:Routledge.32-66.
Halliday,M.&C.Matthiessen.1999.Construing Experience Through Meaning:A Languagebased Approach to Cognition[M].London:Continuum.
Halliday,M.&C.Matthiessen.2004.An Introduction to Functional Grammar(3rd edition)[M].London:Arnold.
Halliday,M.&C.Matthiessen 2014.Halliday’s Introduction to Functional Grammar(4th edition)[M].London:Routledge.
Halliday,M.,A.McIntosh&P.Stevens.1964/2007.The users and uses of language[A].In J.Webster(ed.).Language and Society[C].London:Continuum.5-37.
Haugen,E.1972.The Ecology of Language[M].Stanford,CA.:Stanford University Press.
Hjelmslev,L.1953/1961.Prolegomena to a Theory of Language[M].Madison,WI.:The University of Wisconsin Press.
Hudson,R.1974.Systemic generative grammar[J].Linguistics 139:5-42.
Jenkins,J.2013.Biolinguistics:A historical perspective[A].In C.Boeckx&K.Grohmann(eds.).The Cambridge Handbook of Biolinguistics[C].Cambridge:CUP.4-11.
Malinowski,B.1923.The problem of meaning in primitive languages(Supplement I)[A].In C.Ogden&I.Richards(eds.)Meaning of Meaning:A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism[C].London:Kegan Paul.296-336.
Piaget,J.1972.The epistemology of interdisciplinary relationships[A].In L.Apostel et al.(eds.).Interdisciplinarity:Problems of Teaching and Research in Universities[C].Paris:Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.127-139.
Quirk,R.,S.Greenbaum,G.Leech&J.Svartvik.1985.A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language[M].London:Longman.
Saussure,F.de.1916.Cours de linguistique générale[M].Paris:Payot.
Teruya,K.2004.Metafunctional profile of the grammar of Japanese[A].In A.Caffarel,J.Martin&C.Matthiessen(eds.).Language Typology:A Functional Perspective[C].Amsterdam:John Benjamins.185-254.
Winograd,T.1972.Understanding Natural Language[M].Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press.
韩礼德,2011,篇章、语篇、信息--系统功能语言学视角[J],姜望琪、付毓玲译,《北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》(1):137-146。
韩礼德、胡壮麟、朱永生,2010,Interviewing Professor M.A.K.Halliday by Hu Zhuanglin and Zhu Yongsheng[J],《中国外语》(6):17-24。
何伟、张瑞杰,2017,生态话语分析模式构建[J],《中国外语》(5):56-64。
何伟、仲伟,2018,汉语非限定小句之功能研究[J],《语文研究》(3):1-7。
胡壮麟,2013,系统功能语言学家的超学科研究[J],《外语与外语教学》(3):1-5。
胡壮麟,2014,系统功能语言学的认知观[J],《外语学刊》(3):44-50。
黄国文,2017,从系统功能语言学到生态语言学[J],《外语教学》(5):1-7。
李颖、冯志伟,2015,计算语言学的超学科研究[J],《现代外语》(3):407-415。
梁茂成,2012,语料库语言学研究的两种范式:渊源、分歧及前景[J],《外语教学与研究》(3):323-335。
刘丹青,2003,语言类型学与汉语研究[J],《世界汉语教学》(4):5-12。
刘颖,2014,《计算语言学》(修订版)[M]。北京:清华大学出版社。
陆丙甫,2006,“形式描写、功能解释”的当代语言类型学[J],《东方语言学》(00):10-21。
沈家煊,2009,语言类型学的眼光[J],《语言文字应用》(3):11-13。
王力,1943,《中国现代语法》[M]。上海:商务印书馆。
王寅,2002,认知语言学的哲学基础:体验哲学[J],《外语教学与研究》(2):82-89。
王振华,2013,第39届国际系统功能语言学大会综述[J],《外语教学与研究》(4):617-622。
许家金,2017,语料库研究学术源流考[J],《外语教学与研究》(1):51-63。
严世清,2012,意义进化论理论溯源[J],《外语教学与研究》(1):45-53。
张德禄,2018,系统功能语言学60年发展趋势探索[J],《外语教学与研究》(1):37-48。
1系统功能语言学创始人Halliday于悉尼时间2018年4月15日晚8时左右仙逝。谨以此文悼念先生。
2韩礼德（2011:137）认为，“篇章”和“语篇”基本上属于“同一事物”，可以“互相定义”，只是看问题的角度有别：篇章强调“语言过程”；语篇则强调“社会文化语境”。
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