苯硫醚聚酰亚胺电极覆膜材料合成及直流应力下对金属微粒运动特性的抑制作用
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摘要
金属微粒的有效治理是关乎直流气体绝缘输电线路(GIL)绝缘设计的重要问题。通过溶液缩聚-热酰亚胺化法制备含有苯硫醚结构的聚酰亚胺薄膜,同时利用红外光谱、热失重、差示扫描量热、介电谱和接触角等测试方法对聚酰亚胺薄膜的结构与性能进行表征,并构建金属微粒运动观测实验平台,测试直流应力下薄膜材料对金属微粒运动特性的抑制作用。结果表明,引入苯硫醚结构,可在保证热稳定性的同时有效提升聚酰亚胺薄膜与铝合金电极的粘附功,因而改性聚酰亚胺可作为直流GIL无胶电极覆膜材料,以提升其运行稳定性。当电极涂覆改性的聚酰亚胺薄膜时,可显著提高金属微粒在直流电场中的启举电压,这缘于引入的苯硫醚结构提高了薄膜的介电常数以及金属微粒与薄膜间的粘附功,使得金属微粒所受的粘附力和静电吸附力均有所提升,进而抑制了微粒在直流电应力下的运动行为。
Free particle suppression is a key issue to be addressed in insulation design of DC gas insulated transmission line(GIL). A polyimide containing phenyl thioether group was synthesized by solution polycondensation-thermal imidization based methodology to realize effective control of the free metal particles moving in UHV DC GIL and ensure long-term stable operation. The structure and properties of the polyimide films were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), dielectric spectroscopy and contact angles. A test platform for metal particle moving observation was further constructed as to test the suppressing effect of the polyimide films on the motion behavior of the metal particles under the DC stresses. The observed results show that, inclusion of the phenyl thioether can effectively enhance the adhesion of the polyimide film and the DC GIL electrode. Therefore, the modified polyimide film is a preferable choice to be non-adhesive coating material with the DC GIL electrodes as to improve the operational stability. Further, the DC lifting voltage of the metal particles can be improved with the modified polyimide-coating film attached to the electrode, which dues to the fact that the introduced phenyl thioether increases the dielectric constant of the film and the adhesion strength between the metal particles and the film. Consequently, the adhesion force and the electrostatic adsorption force incurred by the metal particles were improved. Hence, the moving behavior of the metal particles under DC stresses were suppressed effectively with the proposed coating materials.
Free particle suppression is a key issue to be addressed in insulation design of DC gas insulated transmission line(GIL). A polyimide containing phenyl thioether group was synthesized by solution polycondensation-thermal imidization based methodology to realize effective control of the free metal particles moving in UHV DC GIL and ensure long-term stable operation. The structure and properties of the polyimide films were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), dielectric spectroscopy and contact angles. A test platform for metal particle moving observation was further constructed as to test the suppressing effect of the polyimide films on the motion behavior of the metal particles under the DC stresses. The observed results show that, inclusion of the phenyl thioether can effectively enhance the adhesion of the polyimide film and the DC GIL electrode. Therefore, the modified polyimide film is a preferable choice to be non-adhesive coating material with the DC GIL electrodes as to improve the operational stability. Further, the DC lifting voltage of the metal particles can be improved with the modified polyimide-coating film attached to the electrode, which dues to the fact that the introduced phenyl thioether increases the dielectric constant of the film and the adhesion strength between the metal particles and the film. Consequently, the adhesion force and the electrostatic adsorption force incurred by the metal particles were improved. Hence, the moving behavior of the metal particles under DC stresses were suppressed effectively with the proposed coating materials.
引文
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[2]Tang H,Wu G,Fan J,et al.Insulation design of gas insulated HVDC transmission line[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(6):65-70.
[3]王健,李伯涛,李庆民,等.直流GIL中线形金属微粒对柱式绝缘子表面电荷积聚的影响[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(15):213-222.Wang Jian,Li Botao,Li Qingmin,et al.Impact of linear metal particle on surface charge accumulation of post insulator within DC GIL[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(15):213-222.
[4]周宏扬,马国明,刘姝嫔,等.基于电-热多物理场耦合模型的直流GIL绝缘子表面电荷积聚及其对沿面电场影响的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(4):1251-1259.Zhou Hongyang,Ma Guoming,Liu Shupin,et al.Study on surface charges accumulation on insulator and its effects on the surface electrical field in DC-GIL with electro-thermal coupling model[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(4):1251-1259.
[5]Sakai K I,Labrado Abella D,Suehiro J,et al.Charging and behavior of a spherically conducting particle on a dielectrically coated electrode in the presence of electrical gradient force in atmospheric air[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2002,9(4):577-588.
[6]Morcos M M,Ward S A,Anis H,et al.Insulation integrity of GIS/GITL systems and management of particle contamination[J].IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine,2000,16(5):25-37.
[7]Srivastava K D,Van Heeswijk R G.Dielectric coatings-effect on breakdown and particle movement in GITL systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1985(1):22-31.
[8]王健,李庆民,李伯涛,等.直流应力下电极表面覆膜对金属微粒启举的影响机理研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(5):119-127.Wang Jian,Li Qingmin,Li Botao,et al.Mechanism analysis of the electrode-coating's impact to the particle-lifting under DC voltage[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(5):119-127.
[9]律方成,刘宏宇,李志兵,等.直流电压下SF6气体中电极覆膜对金属微粒启举的影响机理[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(13):239-247.LüFangcheng,Liu Hongyu,Li Zhibing,et al.Influence mechanism of dielectric coated electrodes on metallic particle lift-off in SF6 gas under DCvoltage[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(13):239-247.
[10]李冰,肖登明,赵谡,等.第二代气体绝缘输电线路的温升数值计算[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(13):271-276.Li Bing,Xiao Dengming,Zhao Su,et al.Temperature rise numerical calculation of the second generation gas insulated transmission line[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(13):271-276.
[11]冯树铭.PET薄膜的性能及其改性[J].聚酯工业,2009(1):15-18.Feng Shuming.Performance and modification of PETfilm[J].Polyester Industry,2009(1):15-18.
[12]刘金刚,张秀敏,田付强,等.耐高温聚合物电介质材料的研究与应用进展[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(16):14-24.Liu Jingang,Zhang Xiumin,Tian Fuqiang,et al.Recent progress of research and development for high-temperature resistant polymer dielectrics[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(16):14-24.
[13]章程,邵涛,于洋,等.纳秒脉冲介质阻挡放电特性及其聚合物材料表面改性[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(5):31-37.Zhang Cheng,Shao Tao,Yu Yang,et al.Hydrophilic improvement of polymers treated by homogeneous nanoseconds pulse dielectric barrier discharge in atmospheric air[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(5):31-37.
[14]刘涛,韩帅,李庆民,等.频变电应力下高频电力变压器绝缘沿面放电形态及发展过程[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(19):199-207.Liu Tao,Han Shuai,Li Qingmin,et al.Patterns and development of surface discharge of high frequency power transformer insulation under frequencydependent electric stress[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(19):199-207.
[15]丁孟贤.聚酰亚胺:化学,结构与性能的关系及材料[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[16]杨杰.聚苯硫醚树脂及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[17]DuPont T M.Summary of Properties for Kapton R?Polyimide Films.www.dupont.Com/Kapton/en_US/assets/downloads/pdf/summaryofprop.pdf.
[18]IEC 60216-2:2005 Electrical insulating materialsthermal endurance properties-part 2:determination of thermal endurance properties of electrical insulating materials-choice of test criteria[S].2005.
[19]孙杰,聂福德.TATB与氟聚合物界面张力及粘附功的计算[J].粘接,2001,22(1):27-28.Sun Jie,Nie Fude.The calculation of interfacial tension and adhesive work for TATB to fluoropolymer[J].Technology on Adhesion&Sealing,2001,22(1):27-28.
[20]张艺,郑雪菲,牛新星,等.含硫醚结构均苯型聚酰亚胺的合成及表征[J].高分子学报,2010,1(11):1288-1293.Zhang Yi,Zheng Xuefei,Niu Xinxing,et al.Synthesis and characterization of polyimide with arylene sulfide structure[J].Acta Polymerica Sinica,2010,1(11):1288-1293.
[21]Burrell M C,Codella P J,Fontana J A,et al.Interfacial reactions at copper surfaces coated with polyimide films prepared from poly(amide-acid)precursors[J].Journal of Vacuum Science&Technology A:Vacuum,Surfaces,and Films,1989,7(1):55-58.
[22]Hosokawa M,Endo F,Yamagiwa T,et al.Particleinitiated breakdown characteristics and reliability improvement in SF6 gas insulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1986,1(1):58-65.