河套平原湖泊陈普海子沉积物粒度与元素分析
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摘要
通过对河套地区不同类型沉积物进行粒度和元素分析,根据区域陈普海子沉积岩芯的年代和环境代用指标结果,借助于判别分析技术,结合历史文献资料,揭示区域近300a来两个典型时段的环境变化.结果表明,约1850a受黄河河道变迁引起的洪水活动影响,陈普海子岩芯55～50cm(CP1)沉积物表现为灰黄色黏土层,其粒度参数、分布曲线与黄河岸边缓流沉积物相似,两者的中值粒径和众数数值分别为3.8, 7.7μm和4.4, 5.0μm,元素及其比值K/Ti、Al/Ti和K/Sr(数值分别为7.1、21.5、102.7和6.2、20.7、87.8)的得分散点分布在判别得分散点图的同一区域,与其它类型沉积物的分布区域明显分离,元素比值K/Ti、Al/Ti和K/Sr可作为湖泊沉积指示洪水活动的环境代用指标;自1995年以来,由于区域人类活动,沙荒土地大规模开垦,致使风沙活动增强,岩芯15cm以上(CP2)沉积物粒度参数、分布曲线与风积物相似,两者的中值粒径和众数数值分别为20.1, 19.6μm和41.6, 45.7μm,元素的得分散点分布在判别得分散点图的同一区域,研究结果与文献记录具有较好的一致性.
In this paper, grain size and element from different sediments in the Hetao Basin were analyzed, based on the results of age and environmental indicators from Lake Chenpu sediment, by means of canonical discriminant analysis technology, and combined with historical and literature materials, environmental changes were revealed during two typical periods in recent 300 years. Because of the flood activities from the migration of the Yellow River channel in about 1850 AD, the grain size characteristics of the sediments at 55～50cm of Lake Chenpu sediment(CP1), which displayed grey-yellow clay layer, were closed related to the slow-flow sediment along the Yellow River bank, their median diameter and mode value were 3.8μm, 7.7μm and 4.4μm, 5.0μm respectively, and the values of the elements and their ratios(including K/Ti, Al/Ti and K/Sr) were 7.1, 21.5, 102.7 and 6.2、20.7、87.8 respectively, and their scattered points were also distributed in the same area in the canonical discriminant score scatter plot, which was separated from the distribution areas of other types of sediments, and the element ratios(including K/Ti Al/Ti and K/Sr) could be taken as environmental proxy indicators for the flood activity from the lake sediments. Since 1995, due to the large-scale reclamation of sandy land under human activities in this region, wind-sand activities enhancing, the grain size characteristics of the sediments at the top of 15cm(CP2) were similar to the aeolian sediment, their median diameter and mode value were 20.1μm, 19.6μm and 41.6μm, 45.7μm respectively, and their elements scattered points were also distributed in the same area, and the study results were in good agreement with the literature records.
In this paper, grain size and element from different sediments in the Hetao Basin were analyzed, based on the results of age and environmental indicators from Lake Chenpu sediment, by means of canonical discriminant analysis technology, and combined with historical and literature materials, environmental changes were revealed during two typical periods in recent 300 years. Because of the flood activities from the migration of the Yellow River channel in about 1850 AD, the grain size characteristics of the sediments at 55～50cm of Lake Chenpu sediment(CP1), which displayed grey-yellow clay layer, were closed related to the slow-flow sediment along the Yellow River bank, their median diameter and mode value were 3.8μm, 7.7μm and 4.4μm, 5.0μm respectively, and the values of the elements and their ratios(including K/Ti, Al/Ti and K/Sr) were 7.1, 21.5, 102.7 and 6.2、20.7、87.8 respectively, and their scattered points were also distributed in the same area in the canonical discriminant score scatter plot, which was separated from the distribution areas of other types of sediments, and the element ratios(including K/Ti Al/Ti and K/Sr) could be taken as environmental proxy indicators for the flood activity from the lake sediments. Since 1995, due to the large-scale reclamation of sandy land under human activities in this region, wind-sand activities enhancing, the grain size characteristics of the sediments at the top of 15cm(CP2) were similar to the aeolian sediment, their median diameter and mode value were 20.1μm, 19.6μm and 41.6μm, 45.7μm respectively, and their elements scattered points were also distributed in the same area, and the study results were in good agreement with the literature records.
引文
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[14]Xiao J L,Fan J W,Zhou L,et al.A model for linking grain size component to lake level status of a modern clastic lake[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2013,69(12):149-158.
[15]陈惟财,陈伟琪,张珞平,等.九龙江流域地表水中硝酸盐来源辨析[J].环境科学,2008,29(6):1484-1487.Chen W C,Chen W Q,Zhang L P,et al.Identifying sources of nitrate in surface water of Jiulong River Watershed[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(6):1484-1487.
[16]牛俊杰,赵淑贞,任世芳,等.历史时期乌兰布和沙漠北部的环境变迁[J].中国沙漠,1999,19(3):26-30.Niu J J,Zhao S Z,Ren S F,et al.Environmental evolution in northern Ulan Buh Desert in historical time[J].Journal of Desert Research,2003,58(2):239-246.
[17]李炳元,葛全胜,郑景云.近2000年来内蒙后套平原黄河河道演变[J].地理学报,2003,58(2):239-246.Li B Y,Ge Q S,Zheng J Y.Evolution of the Yellow River in the Houtao Plain of Inner Mongolia in the past 2000years[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2003,58(2):239-246.
[18]Wu J L,Ma L,Yu H,et al.Sediment geochemical records of environmental change in Lake Wuliangsu,Yellow River Basin,north China[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,2013,50(2):245-255.
[19]张国庆.乌兰布和沙漠东北部磴口县生态环境受水资源的影响及对策[J].内蒙古水利,2007,4:80-81.Zhang G Q.The measure of ecological environment influenced by water resources in Dengkou county of the northeast of Ulan Buh Desert[J].Inner Mongolia Water Resources,2007,4:80-81.
[20]马龙,吴敬禄,温军会,等.乌梁素海湖泊沉积物粒度特征及其环境指示意义[J].沉积学报,2013,31(4):646-652.Ma L,Wu J L,Wen J H,et al.Grain size characteristics and environmental significance of lacustrine sediment recorded in Wuliangsu Lake,Inner Mongolia[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(4):646-652.
[2]侯仁之,俞伟超.乌兰布和沙漠的考古发现和地理变迁[J].考古,1973,2:92-107.Hou R Z,Yu W C.Environmental variance and archaeological findings in the Ulan Buh Desert[J].Archaeology,1973,2:92-107.
[3]贾铁飞,银山.乌兰布和沙漠北部全新世地貌演化[J].地理科学,2004,24(2):217-221.Jia T F,Yin S.Geomorphic evolution in northern Ulan Buh Desert in the Holocene[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2004,24(2):217-221.
[4]Zhao H,Li G Q,Sheng YW,et al.Early-middle Holocene lake-desert evolution in northern Ulan Buh Desert,China[J].Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol,2012,331-332(5):31-38.
[5]Chen F H,Li G Q,Zhao H,et al.Landscape evolution of the Ulan Buh Desert in northern China during the late Quaternary[J].Quaternary Research,2014,81(3):476-487.
[6]王苏民,窦鸿身.中国湖泊志[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:374-377.Wang S M,Dou H S,eds.Memoirs of lakes in China[M].Beijing:Science Press,1988:374-377.
[7]沈吉.湖泊沉积研究的历史进展与展望[J].湖泊科学,2009,21(3):307-313.Shen J.Progress and prospect of palaeolimnology research in China[J].Journal of Lake Science,2009,21(3):307-313.
[8]冯伟莹,焦立新,张生,等.乌梁素海沉积物溶解性有机质荧光光谱特性[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(6):1068-1074.Feng W Y,Jiao L X,Zhang S,et al.Spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter in the sediments of Wuliangsuhai Lake[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(6):1068-1074.
[9]Wang J Z,Wu J L,Pan B T,et al.Sediment records of Yellow River channel migration and Holocene environmental evolution of the Hetao Plain,northern China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2018,156:180-188.
[10]汪敬忠,吴敬禄,曾海鳌.内蒙古河套地区陈普海子湖泊沉积物粒度特征及其环境意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2014,34(5):137-144.Wang J Z,Wu J L,Zeng H A.Grain-size characteristics and its environmental significance of Lake Chenpuhai sediment in Hetao Plain,Inner Mongolia[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology.
[11]万国江.现代沉积的210Pb计年[J].第四纪研究,1997,17(3):230-239.Wan G J.210Pb dating for recent sedimentation[J].Quaternary Sciences,1997,17(3):230-239.
[12]Appleby P,Oldfield F.The calculation of lead-210dates assuming a constant rate of supply of unsupported 210Pb to the sediment[J].Catena,1978,5(1):1-8.
[13]Chen G Q,Yi L,Chen S L,et al.Partitioning of grain-size components of estuarine sediments and implications for sediment transport in southwestern Laizhou Bay,China[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2013,31(4):895-906.
[14]Xiao J L,Fan J W,Zhou L,et al.A model for linking grain size component to lake level status of a modern clastic lake[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2013,69(12):149-158.
[15]陈惟财,陈伟琪,张珞平,等.九龙江流域地表水中硝酸盐来源辨析[J].环境科学,2008,29(6):1484-1487.Chen W C,Chen W Q,Zhang L P,et al.Identifying sources of nitrate in surface water of Jiulong River Watershed[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(6):1484-1487.
[16]牛俊杰,赵淑贞,任世芳,等.历史时期乌兰布和沙漠北部的环境变迁[J].中国沙漠,1999,19(3):26-30.Niu J J,Zhao S Z,Ren S F,et al.Environmental evolution in northern Ulan Buh Desert in historical time[J].Journal of Desert Research,2003,58(2):239-246.
[17]李炳元,葛全胜,郑景云.近2000年来内蒙后套平原黄河河道演变[J].地理学报,2003,58(2):239-246.Li B Y,Ge Q S,Zheng J Y.Evolution of the Yellow River in the Houtao Plain of Inner Mongolia in the past 2000years[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2003,58(2):239-246.
[18]Wu J L,Ma L,Yu H,et al.Sediment geochemical records of environmental change in Lake Wuliangsu,Yellow River Basin,north China[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,2013,50(2):245-255.
[19]张国庆.乌兰布和沙漠东北部磴口县生态环境受水资源的影响及对策[J].内蒙古水利,2007,4:80-81.Zhang G Q.The measure of ecological environment influenced by water resources in Dengkou county of the northeast of Ulan Buh Desert[J].Inner Mongolia Water Resources,2007,4:80-81.
[20]马龙,吴敬禄,温军会,等.乌梁素海湖泊沉积物粒度特征及其环境指示意义[J].沉积学报,2013,31(4):646-652.Ma L,Wu J L,Wen J H,et al.Grain size characteristics and environmental significance of lacustrine sediment recorded in Wuliangsu Lake,Inner Mongolia[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(4):646-652.