玉米脱粒技术及装置研究进展
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摘要
玉米脱粒是玉米收获过程中的重要环节,脱粒方法和脱粒装置的合理选用决定了所收获籽粒的质量。我国目前玉米脱粒的效率和质量较低,脱粒过程中对玉米籽粒的损伤较大,制约玉米籽粒直收技术的推广。本文介绍玉米机械物理特性、玉米脱粒技术、玉米损伤机理和玉米脱粒装置的研究,最后对玉米脱粒技术及装置研究存在的问题进行分析,提出高效低损脱粒的发展建议。
Corn threshing is an important link in the process of corn harvesting. The reasonable selection of threshing methods and threshing devices determines the quality of the harvested corn grains. At present, the efficiency and quality of maize threshing are relatively low, and the damage of maize grains during threshing is relatively large, which is extremely unfavorable to the promotion of direct harvesting of maize grains. In this paper, the physical characteristics of corn, corn threshing technology, maize damage mechanism and maize threshing device were reviewed. At last, the existing problems in the research of maize threshing method and device were analyzed, and suggestions on high-efficiency and low-loss threshing were put forward.
Corn threshing is an important link in the process of corn harvesting. The reasonable selection of threshing methods and threshing devices determines the quality of the harvested corn grains. At present, the efficiency and quality of maize threshing are relatively low, and the damage of maize grains during threshing is relatively large, which is extremely unfavorable to the promotion of direct harvesting of maize grains. In this paper, the physical characteristics of corn, corn threshing technology, maize damage mechanism and maize threshing device were reviewed. At last, the existing problems in the research of maize threshing method and device were analyzed, and suggestions on high-efficiency and low-loss threshing were put forward.
引文
[1] 中华人民共和国国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴(2017)[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2017.
[2] 陈志. 玉米全价值收获关键技术与装备[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2014.
[3] 雷晓鹏. 黄淮海地区玉米机械收获籽粒可行性研究[D]. 保定: 河北农业大学, 2015.
[4] Bilanski W K. Damage resistance of seed grains [J]. Trans of ASAE, 1966, 11(2): 360-363.
[5] Shelef L, Mohsenin N N. Effect of moisture content on mechanical propeties of shelled corn [J]. Cereal Chemistry, 1969, 46(5): 242-253.
[6] Srivastava A K, Herum F L, Stevens K K. Impact parameters related to physical damage to corn kernel [J]. Transaction of the ASAE, 1976, 19(8): 1147-1151.
[7] Brass R W, Marley S J. Roller sheller: Low damage corn shelling cylinder [J]. Transaction of the ASAE, 1973, 16(2): 64-66.
[8] 李心平, 高连兴. 种子玉米籽粒果柄断裂机理试验研究[J]. 农业工程学报, 2007, 23(11): 47-51.Lin Xinping, Gao Lianxing. Experimental study on breaking mechanism of kernel stem of corn seed [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2007, 23(11):47-51.
[9] 张锋伟, 赵武云, 韩正晟, 等. 玉米籽粒力学性能试验分析[J]. 中国农机化, 2010, 31(3): 75-78.Zhang Fengwei, Zhao Wuyun, Han Zhengcheng, et al.Experimental reserches on mechanical properties of corn kernels [J]. Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2010, 31(3): 75-78.
[10] 李心平, 李玉柱, 马福丽, 等. 玉米种子抗压特性及裂纹生成规律[J]. 农业机械学报, 2011, 42(8): 94-98.Li Xinping, Li Yuzhu, Ma Fuli, et al. Anti-pressing properties and crack formation law of corn seed [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2011, 42(8): 94-98.
[11] 赵武云. 组合式螺旋板齿种子玉米脱粒装置研究[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2012.
[12] 李心平, 马磊. 玉米果穗动力接触的有限元分析[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2017, 29(1): 67-75.Li Xinping, Ma Lei.Analysis of finite element method on dynamic contact of corn ear [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2017, 29(1): 67-75.
[13] 周海玲. 玉米果穗物理力学性质研究及脱粒过程仿真分析[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2013.
[14] 余吉洋. 玉米果穗物理力学性质的测试研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2014.
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[16] Tastra I K, Ginting Erliana, Merx Richard. Determination of the optimum moisture content for shelling maize using local shellers [J]. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America, 2006, 37(2): 51-57.
[17] Petkevichius S, Shpokas L, Kutzbach H D. Investigation of the maize ear threshing process [J]. Biosystems Engineering, 2008, 99(4): 532-539.
[18] Miu P I, Kutzbach H D. Modeling and simulation of grain threshing and separation in threshing units—Part I [J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2008, 60(1): 96-104.
[19] Miu P I, Kutzbach H D. Modeling and simulation of grain threshing and separation in threshing units: Part II. Application to tangential feeding [J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2008, 60(1): 105-109.
[20] Steponavicius D, Butkus V, Kiniulis V, et al. Influence of Inertia momentum of cylinder on power consumption during corn ear threshing [C]. 12th International Scientific Conference on Engineering for Rural Development, 2013.
[21] Srison W, Chuan-Udom S, Saengprachatanarak K. Effects of operating factors for an axial-flow corn shelling unit on losses and power consumption [J]. Agriculture and Natural Resources,2016, 50(5): 421-425.
[22] 王成芝, 葛永久. 轴流滚筒的试验研究[J]. 农业机械学报, 1982(1): 55-72.Wang Chengzhi, Ge Yongjiu. A research on axial-flow threshing cylinder [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 1982(1): 55-72.
[23] 杨立权, 王万章, 张红梅, 等. 切流—横轴流玉米脱粒系统改进设计及台架试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34(1): 35-43.Yang Liquan, Wang Wanzhang, Zhang Hongmei, et al.Improved design and bench test based on tangential flow-transverse axial flow maize threshing system [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2018, 34(1): 35-43.
[24] 邸志峰, 崔中凯, 张华, 等. 纹杆块与钉齿组合式轴流玉米脱粒滚筒的设计与试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34(1): 28-34.Di Zhifeng, Cui Zhongkai, Zhang Hua, et al. Design and experiment of rasp bar and nail tooth combined axial flow corn threshing cylinder [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2018, 34(1): 28-34.
[25] 屈哲, 张东兴, 杨丽. 纵轴流玉米脱粒分离装置喂入量与滚筒转速试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2018, 49(2): 58-65.Qu Zhe, Zhang Dongxing, Yang Li. Experiment on feed rate and cylinder speed of longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device for maize [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2018, 49(2): 58-65.
[26] 李心平, 吴康, 金鑫, 等. 基于仿生脱粒的鸡喙啄取玉米果穗引起籽粒离散过程分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(18): 34-40.Li Xinping, Wu Kang, Jin Xin, et al. Analysis on discrete process of kernels caused by beak pecking corn ear by simulating threshing [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(18): 34-40.
[27] 李心平, 马义东, 金鑫, 等. 玉米种子仿生脱粒机设计与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2015, 46(7): 97-101.Li Xinping, Ma Yidong, JinXin, et al. Design and test of corn seed bionic thresher [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2015, 46(7): 97-101.
[28] 李心平, 马磊, 耿令新, 等. 玉米种子仿生脱粒机性能试验与优化[J]. 农业工程学报, 2017, 33(5): 62-69.Li Xinping, Ma Lei, Geng Lingxin, et al. Performance test and parameter optimization of corn seed bionic thresher [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2017, 33(5): 62-69.
[29] 衣淑娟, 蒋恩臣. 轴流脱粒与分离装置脱粒过程的高速摄像分析[J]. 农业机械学报, 2008, 39(5): 52-55.Yi Shujuan, Jiang Enchen.High-speed photography analysis on process of threshing of axial flow threshing and separating installation [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2008, 39(5): 52-55.
[30] 衣淑娟, 陶桂香. 组合式轴流装置运动仿真及高速摄像分析[C]. 中国农业机械学会2008年学术年会论文集, 2008.
[31] 陶桂香, 衣淑娟. 组合式轴流装置稻谷运动仿真及高速摄像分析[J]. 农业机械学报, 2009, 40(2): 84-86.Tao Guixiang, Yi Shujuan.Simulation of the rice motion model in axial threshing device [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2009, 40(2): 84-86.
[32] 姜楠, 衣淑娟, 张延河. 钉齿式轴流装置脱粒过程高速摄像分析[J]. 农业机械学报, 2011, 42(s1): 52-56.Jiang Nan,Yi Shujuan, Zhang Yanhe. High-speed photography analysis of threshing process on axial flow device with nails teeth [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2011, 42(sl): 52-56.
[33] 李心平, 马福丽, 高连兴. 玉米种子脱粒过程高速摄影观察分析[J]. 农业机械学报, 2009, 40(11): 46-49.Li Xinping, Ma Fuli, Gao Lianxing. High-speed photograph analysis on threshing process of corn seed [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2009, 40(11): 46-49.
[34] 于亚军. 基于三维离散元法的玉米脱粒过程分析方法研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2013.
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[2] 陈志. 玉米全价值收获关键技术与装备[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2014.
[3] 雷晓鹏. 黄淮海地区玉米机械收获籽粒可行性研究[D]. 保定: 河北农业大学, 2015.
[4] Bilanski W K. Damage resistance of seed grains [J]. Trans of ASAE, 1966, 11(2): 360-363.
[5] Shelef L, Mohsenin N N. Effect of moisture content on mechanical propeties of shelled corn [J]. Cereal Chemistry, 1969, 46(5): 242-253.
[6] Srivastava A K, Herum F L, Stevens K K. Impact parameters related to physical damage to corn kernel [J]. Transaction of the ASAE, 1976, 19(8): 1147-1151.
[7] Brass R W, Marley S J. Roller sheller: Low damage corn shelling cylinder [J]. Transaction of the ASAE, 1973, 16(2): 64-66.
[8] 李心平, 高连兴. 种子玉米籽粒果柄断裂机理试验研究[J]. 农业工程学报, 2007, 23(11): 47-51.Lin Xinping, Gao Lianxing. Experimental study on breaking mechanism of kernel stem of corn seed [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2007, 23(11):47-51.
[9] 张锋伟, 赵武云, 韩正晟, 等. 玉米籽粒力学性能试验分析[J]. 中国农机化, 2010, 31(3): 75-78.Zhang Fengwei, Zhao Wuyun, Han Zhengcheng, et al.Experimental reserches on mechanical properties of corn kernels [J]. Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2010, 31(3): 75-78.
[10] 李心平, 李玉柱, 马福丽, 等. 玉米种子抗压特性及裂纹生成规律[J]. 农业机械学报, 2011, 42(8): 94-98.Li Xinping, Li Yuzhu, Ma Fuli, et al. Anti-pressing properties and crack formation law of corn seed [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2011, 42(8): 94-98.
[11] 赵武云. 组合式螺旋板齿种子玉米脱粒装置研究[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2012.
[12] 李心平, 马磊. 玉米果穗动力接触的有限元分析[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2017, 29(1): 67-75.Li Xinping, Ma Lei.Analysis of finite element method on dynamic contact of corn ear [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2017, 29(1): 67-75.
[13] 周海玲. 玉米果穗物理力学性质研究及脱粒过程仿真分析[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2013.
[14] 余吉洋. 玉米果穗物理力学性质的测试研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2014.
[15] 李心平, 李玉柱, 高吭, 等. 种子玉米籽粒仿生脱粒机理分析[J]. 农业机械学报, 2011, 42(2): 99-103.Li Xinping, Li Yuzhu, Gao Hang, et al. Bionic threshing process analysis of seed corn kernel [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2011, 42(2): 99-103.
[16] Tastra I K, Ginting Erliana, Merx Richard. Determination of the optimum moisture content for shelling maize using local shellers [J]. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America, 2006, 37(2): 51-57.
[17] Petkevichius S, Shpokas L, Kutzbach H D. Investigation of the maize ear threshing process [J]. Biosystems Engineering, 2008, 99(4): 532-539.
[18] Miu P I, Kutzbach H D. Modeling and simulation of grain threshing and separation in threshing units—Part I [J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2008, 60(1): 96-104.
[19] Miu P I, Kutzbach H D. Modeling and simulation of grain threshing and separation in threshing units: Part II. Application to tangential feeding [J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2008, 60(1): 105-109.
[20] Steponavicius D, Butkus V, Kiniulis V, et al. Influence of Inertia momentum of cylinder on power consumption during corn ear threshing [C]. 12th International Scientific Conference on Engineering for Rural Development, 2013.
[21] Srison W, Chuan-Udom S, Saengprachatanarak K. Effects of operating factors for an axial-flow corn shelling unit on losses and power consumption [J]. Agriculture and Natural Resources,2016, 50(5): 421-425.
[22] 王成芝, 葛永久. 轴流滚筒的试验研究[J]. 农业机械学报, 1982(1): 55-72.Wang Chengzhi, Ge Yongjiu. A research on axial-flow threshing cylinder [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 1982(1): 55-72.
[23] 杨立权, 王万章, 张红梅, 等. 切流—横轴流玉米脱粒系统改进设计及台架试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34(1): 35-43.Yang Liquan, Wang Wanzhang, Zhang Hongmei, et al.Improved design and bench test based on tangential flow-transverse axial flow maize threshing system [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2018, 34(1): 35-43.
[24] 邸志峰, 崔中凯, 张华, 等. 纹杆块与钉齿组合式轴流玉米脱粒滚筒的设计与试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34(1): 28-34.Di Zhifeng, Cui Zhongkai, Zhang Hua, et al. Design and experiment of rasp bar and nail tooth combined axial flow corn threshing cylinder [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2018, 34(1): 28-34.
[25] 屈哲, 张东兴, 杨丽. 纵轴流玉米脱粒分离装置喂入量与滚筒转速试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2018, 49(2): 58-65.Qu Zhe, Zhang Dongxing, Yang Li. Experiment on feed rate and cylinder speed of longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device for maize [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2018, 49(2): 58-65.
[26] 李心平, 吴康, 金鑫, 等. 基于仿生脱粒的鸡喙啄取玉米果穗引起籽粒离散过程分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(18): 34-40.Li Xinping, Wu Kang, Jin Xin, et al. Analysis on discrete process of kernels caused by beak pecking corn ear by simulating threshing [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(18): 34-40.
[27] 李心平, 马义东, 金鑫, 等. 玉米种子仿生脱粒机设计与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2015, 46(7): 97-101.Li Xinping, Ma Yidong, JinXin, et al. Design and test of corn seed bionic thresher [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2015, 46(7): 97-101.
[28] 李心平, 马磊, 耿令新, 等. 玉米种子仿生脱粒机性能试验与优化[J]. 农业工程学报, 2017, 33(5): 62-69.Li Xinping, Ma Lei, Geng Lingxin, et al. Performance test and parameter optimization of corn seed bionic thresher [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2017, 33(5): 62-69.
[29] 衣淑娟, 蒋恩臣. 轴流脱粒与分离装置脱粒过程的高速摄像分析[J]. 农业机械学报, 2008, 39(5): 52-55.Yi Shujuan, Jiang Enchen.High-speed photography analysis on process of threshing of axial flow threshing and separating installation [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2008, 39(5): 52-55.
[30] 衣淑娟, 陶桂香. 组合式轴流装置运动仿真及高速摄像分析[C]. 中国农业机械学会2008年学术年会论文集, 2008.
[31] 陶桂香, 衣淑娟. 组合式轴流装置稻谷运动仿真及高速摄像分析[J]. 农业机械学报, 2009, 40(2): 84-86.Tao Guixiang, Yi Shujuan.Simulation of the rice motion model in axial threshing device [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2009, 40(2): 84-86.
[32] 姜楠, 衣淑娟, 张延河. 钉齿式轴流装置脱粒过程高速摄像分析[J]. 农业机械学报, 2011, 42(s1): 52-56.Jiang Nan,Yi Shujuan, Zhang Yanhe. High-speed photography analysis of threshing process on axial flow device with nails teeth [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2011, 42(sl): 52-56.
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