1JHB-150型双辊式菠萝叶粉碎还田机的研制与试验
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摘要
针对现有单辊式菠萝茎叶粉碎还田机械作业效率低、作业难度大、作业能耗高及重复作业压实土壤等问题,研制了一种以大中型拖拉机为配套动力的双辊式菠萝茎叶粉碎还田机。该机由三点悬挂机构、机架、传动系统、粉碎机构及限位装置等组成,主要特点在于粉碎机构由前、后两个粉碎刀辊组成,前刀辊主要起到锤切茎秆、捡拾菠萝叶和进行初步粉碎的作用,采用双L改进型甩刀;后刀辊主要起到再次粉碎和切割菠萝叶纤维的作用,采用开刃口的直刀。通过前后刀辊的配合,能实现一次作业达到粉碎要求的目标。与现有机型相比,在保证粉碎率90%(粉碎后长度小于15cm的菠萝叶所占的比重)以上的条件下,生产率由0. 186hm~2/h提高到了0.356hm~2/h,油耗由71. 84 kg/hm~2降低到了54.14kg/hm~2,作业成本节省1/3,优于国内现有机型,适应菠萝地茎叶粉碎还田技术的发展需求。
Existing pineapple leaf chopper machine as a single roll structure,in order to meet operational requirements,the need to work twice repeated,rolling back and forth to the land,reflecting the low work efficiency,job difficult,high energy consumption and the job of duplicate jobs compaction soil and other issues,for the above situation,the project team designed and developed a medium-sized tractors with auxiliary power twin roll pineapple leaf chopper machine. The agency equipment rack,transmission,crushing mechanism,limit devices by a three-point suspension,whose main feature is crushed by the organization before and after two crushing blade roll composition,taking into account the lowered resistance and reduce the volatility of the axle role rake roller with double L improved flail,symmetrical arrangement,cut stems mainly from the hammer and pick pineapple leaf and conduct preliminary crushing effect; Meanwhile,to ensure machine stability and reduce vibration needs,after the knife an open roll straight edge knife,axially spaced,radial distribution of angles,so that a uniform load arbor,play a major role once again crushed and cut pineapple leaf fibers. With a knife through the front and rear rollers,the equipment can achieve a grinding operation to achieve the required target,compared with the existing technology,to ensure crushing rate of 90%( crushed pineapple leaf length of less than 15 cm of proportion) of the above conditions lower productivity from the 0.186 hm2/h increased to 0.356 hm2/h,fuel consumption of the 71.84 kg/hm2 reduced to 54.14 kg/hm2,job save more than 1/3 of the cost,overall performance meet the design requirements,than the existing domestic models for pineapple leaf chopper to the development needs of field technology.
Existing pineapple leaf chopper machine as a single roll structure,in order to meet operational requirements,the need to work twice repeated,rolling back and forth to the land,reflecting the low work efficiency,job difficult,high energy consumption and the job of duplicate jobs compaction soil and other issues,for the above situation,the project team designed and developed a medium-sized tractors with auxiliary power twin roll pineapple leaf chopper machine. The agency equipment rack,transmission,crushing mechanism,limit devices by a three-point suspension,whose main feature is crushed by the organization before and after two crushing blade roll composition,taking into account the lowered resistance and reduce the volatility of the axle role rake roller with double L improved flail,symmetrical arrangement,cut stems mainly from the hammer and pick pineapple leaf and conduct preliminary crushing effect; Meanwhile,to ensure machine stability and reduce vibration needs,after the knife an open roll straight edge knife,axially spaced,radial distribution of angles,so that a uniform load arbor,play a major role once again crushed and cut pineapple leaf fibers. With a knife through the front and rear rollers,the equipment can achieve a grinding operation to achieve the required target,compared with the existing technology,to ensure crushing rate of 90%( crushed pineapple leaf length of less than 15 cm of proportion) of the above conditions lower productivity from the 0.186 hm2/h increased to 0.356 hm2/h,fuel consumption of the 71.84 kg/hm2 reduced to 54.14 kg/hm2,job save more than 1/3 of the cost,overall performance meet the design requirements,than the existing domestic models for pineapple leaf chopper to the development needs of field technology.
引文
[1]欧忠庆,张劲,李玲,等.我国菠萝茎叶粉碎还田机的发展现状与分析[J].中国热带农业,2013,50(1):8-10.
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[3]甘声豹,李粤,张喜瑞,等.喂入式立轴甩刀香蕉秸秆粉碎还田机设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(13):10-19.
[4]王金武,王奇,唐汉,等.水稻秸秆深埋整秆还田装置设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(9):112-117.
[5]陈黎卿,梁修天,曹成茂.基于多体动力学的秸秆还田机虚拟仿真与功耗测试[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(3):106-111.
[6]崔振德,张劲,欧忠庆,等.基于Solid Works的菠萝茎叶粉碎还田机的虚拟设计及仿真[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(19):193-196.
[7]吕金庆,杨颖,李紫辉,等.舀勺式马铃薯播种机排种器的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(16):17-25.
[8]张喜瑞,甘声豹,郑侃,等.滚割喂入式卧轴甩刀香蕉假茎粉碎还田机设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(4):33-41.
[9]史建新,陈发,郭俊先,等.抛送式棉秆粉碎还田机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(3):68-72.
[10]范国强,张晓辉,王金星,等.四轮菱形布置农用高地隙作业机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(2):84-89.
[11]付乾坤,荐世春,贾洪雷,等.玉米灭茬起垄施肥播种机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(4):9-16.
[12]李玲,张劲,欧忠庆,等.菠萝叶粉碎还田技术研究与双辊式粉碎还田机的设计[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(19):4705-4707 4711.
[13]张园,欧忠庆,崔振德,等.双辊组合式菠萝叶粉碎还田机的设计与试验分析[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(7):78-86.
[2] Li Ling,Zhang Jin,Ou Zhongqing,et al. Research Status And Problem Analysis on Pineapple Leaf Crushing and Returning Technology[J]. Advanced Materials Research,2015,1061-1062:272-276.
[3]甘声豹,李粤,张喜瑞,等.喂入式立轴甩刀香蕉秸秆粉碎还田机设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(13):10-19.
[4]王金武,王奇,唐汉,等.水稻秸秆深埋整秆还田装置设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(9):112-117.
[5]陈黎卿,梁修天,曹成茂.基于多体动力学的秸秆还田机虚拟仿真与功耗测试[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(3):106-111.
[6]崔振德,张劲,欧忠庆,等.基于Solid Works的菠萝茎叶粉碎还田机的虚拟设计及仿真[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(19):193-196.
[7]吕金庆,杨颖,李紫辉,等.舀勺式马铃薯播种机排种器的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(16):17-25.
[8]张喜瑞,甘声豹,郑侃,等.滚割喂入式卧轴甩刀香蕉假茎粉碎还田机设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(4):33-41.
[9]史建新,陈发,郭俊先,等.抛送式棉秆粉碎还田机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(3):68-72.
[10]范国强,张晓辉,王金星,等.四轮菱形布置农用高地隙作业机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(2):84-89.
[11]付乾坤,荐世春,贾洪雷,等.玉米灭茬起垄施肥播种机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(4):9-16.
[12]李玲,张劲,欧忠庆,等.菠萝叶粉碎还田技术研究与双辊式粉碎还田机的设计[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(19):4705-4707 4711.
[13]张园,欧忠庆,崔振德,等.双辊组合式菠萝叶粉碎还田机的设计与试验分析[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(7):78-86.