西北贫困地区乡村类型识别与振兴途径研究
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摘要
乡村振兴战略是新时期我国推进城乡融合发展的重要举措。贫困地区既是脱贫攻坚的主战场,又是乡村振兴的重点区域。如何科学识别村落类型,分类推进典型区域乡村振兴发展,对于破解农村发展不平衡不充分问题具有重要的现实意义。本文解析了乡村地域系统发展理论,阐释了城乡融合发展理论,剖析了村域空间结构格局演变和城乡要素结构功能优化重组;构建了西北干旱贫困地区乡村振兴村落类型识别体系,从乡村主体、产业发展、人居环境、资源禀赋4个子系统进行逐级分类判断,识别乡村主导类型,结合专家征询分析与村落特征,将乡村振兴村落类型识别为集聚提升类、三产融合类、城郊融合类、特色保护类、搬迁撤并类,结合不同乡村振兴模式提出了相应地发展路径,以期为乡村振兴提供理论依据与决策参考。
The rural revitalization strategy is an undertaking in China to advance urban and rural integration. China is an agricultural country with a large but poor rural population. At the village level, the rural revitalization strategy has the potential to alleviate poverty and affect millions of citizens. Poverty-stricken areas are a composite of fragile ecological environments and rural impoverished communities. Beyond that, they are also major battlefields for poverty elimination as well as crucial regions for rural revitalization. How to scientifically identify the different types of rural areas and promote rural revitalization of typical areas will be of significant importance for resolving problems such as unbalanced, inadequate rural development. This study features Tongxin, which is a poverty-stricken county located in northwest China, and relies on an approach including a comprehensive evaluation method to measure rural development level, using technology to identify village type as well as expert consultation method analysis.At the same time, this paper proposes a theory of a rural regional system, elaborates on the urban-rural integrative development theory, and analyzes the structural framework evolution of rural spaces as well as the reconstruction and optimization of the structural function of urban and rural areas. It formulates an identification system for the rural poverty-stricken areas in northwest China, which are to be revitalized; to do so, it makes classifications and determinations through four sub-systems(rural subject, industry development, living environment, and resources)so as to identify the rural type. In combination with consultation and analysis from experts, as well as consideration of the rural features, the rural areas to be revitalized are classified into different types: agglomeration for improvement, mixing three industries, urban-suburban integration, protection due to its special nature, relocation and merging. In combination with different modes of rural revitalization, corresponding development methods are proposed accordingly, so as to provide theoretical evidence and decision references for new urbanization and urban-rural integration strategies in addition to the rural revitalization strategy.
The rural revitalization strategy is an undertaking in China to advance urban and rural integration. China is an agricultural country with a large but poor rural population. At the village level, the rural revitalization strategy has the potential to alleviate poverty and affect millions of citizens. Poverty-stricken areas are a composite of fragile ecological environments and rural impoverished communities. Beyond that, they are also major battlefields for poverty elimination as well as crucial regions for rural revitalization. How to scientifically identify the different types of rural areas and promote rural revitalization of typical areas will be of significant importance for resolving problems such as unbalanced, inadequate rural development. This study features Tongxin, which is a poverty-stricken county located in northwest China, and relies on an approach including a comprehensive evaluation method to measure rural development level, using technology to identify village type as well as expert consultation method analysis.At the same time, this paper proposes a theory of a rural regional system, elaborates on the urban-rural integrative development theory, and analyzes the structural framework evolution of rural spaces as well as the reconstruction and optimization of the structural function of urban and rural areas. It formulates an identification system for the rural poverty-stricken areas in northwest China, which are to be revitalized; to do so, it makes classifications and determinations through four sub-systems(rural subject, industry development, living environment, and resources)so as to identify the rural type. In combination with consultation and analysis from experts, as well as consideration of the rural features, the rural areas to be revitalized are classified into different types: agglomeration for improvement, mixing three industries, urban-suburban integration, protection due to its special nature, relocation and merging. In combination with different modes of rural revitalization, corresponding development methods are proposed accordingly, so as to provide theoretical evidence and decision references for new urbanization and urban-rural integration strategies in addition to the rural revitalization strategy.
引文
[1]刘彦随.新时代城乡融合与乡村振兴.地理学报,2018,73(4):637-650.[Liu Yansui.Research on the urban-rural integration and rural revitalization in the new era in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2018,73(4):637-650.]
[2]刘彦随,李进涛.中国县域农村贫困化分异机制的地理探测与优化决策.地理学报,2017,72(1):161-173.[Liu Yansui,Li Jintao.Geographic detection and optimizing decision of the differentiation mechanism of rural poverty in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(1):161-173.]
[3]王介勇,陈玉福,严茂超.我国精准扶贫政策及其创新路径研究.中国科学院院刊,2016,31(3):289-295.[Wang Jieyong,Chen Yufu,Yan Maochao.Research on the targeted measures of poverty alleviation and its innovative ways in China.Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2016,31(3):289-295.]
[4]刘彦随,周扬,刘继来.中国农村贫困化地域分异特征及其精准扶贫策略.中国科学院院刊,2016,31(3):269-278.[Liu Yansui,Zhou Yang,Liu Jilai.Regional differentiation characteristics of rural poverty and targeted-poverty alleviation strategy in China.Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Science,2016,31(3):269-278.]
[5]文琦,施琳娜,马彩虹,等.黄土高原村域多维贫困空间异质性研究:以宁夏彭阳县为例.地理学报,2018,73(10):1850-1864.[Wen Qi,Shi Linna,Ma Caihong,et al.Spatial heterogeneity of multidimensional poverty at the village level:Loess Plateau.Acta Geographica Sinica,2018,73(10):1850-1864.]
[6]杨忍,刘彦随,龙花楼.中国环渤海地区人口-土地-产业非农化转型协同演化特征.地理研究,2015,34(3):475-486.[Yang Ren,Liu Yansui,Long Hualou.The study on non-agricultural transformation co-evolution characteristics of"population-land-industry":Case study of the Bohai Rim in China.Geographical Research,2015,34(3):475-486.]
[7]Liu Zhengjia,Liu Yansui,Li Yurui.Anthropogenic contributions dominate trends of vegetation cover change over the farming-pastoral ecotone of northern China.Ecological Indicators,2018,95(1):370-378.
[8]姜绍静,罗泮.空心村问题研究进展与成果综述.中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(6):51-58.[Jiang Shaojing,Luo Pan.A literature review on hollow villages in China.China Population,Resources and Environment,2014,24(6):51-58]
[9]文琦,刘彦随.陕北能源开发区农村转型发展轨迹及效应解析.地理科学,2014,34(9):1077-1084.[Wen Qi,Liu Yansui.Development track and its effect of rural transformation in energy exploitation area of northern Shaanxi Province.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(9):1077-1084.]
[10]贺雪峰.关于实施乡村振兴战略的几个问题.南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018,18(3):19-26,152.[He xuefeng.Some issues in rural thriving strategy implementation.Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition),2018,18(3):19-26,152.]
[11]黄祖辉.准确把握中国乡村振兴战略.中国农村经济,2018,(4):2-12.[Huang Zuhui.On the strategy of rural revitalization in China.Chinese Rural Economy,2018,(4):2-12.]
[12]文琦.中国农村转型发展研究的进展与趋势.中国人口·资源与环境,2009,19(1):20-24.[Wen Qi.Recent progress of research in rural transformation development and its trends in China.China Population,Resources and Environment,2009,19(1):20-24.]
[13]Liu Yansui,Li Yuheng.Revitalize the world's countryside.Nature,2017,548(7667):275-277.
[14]李红波,胡晓亮,张小林,等.乡村空间辨析.地理科学进展,2018,37(5):591-600.[Li Hongbo,Hu Xiaoliang,Zhang Xiaolin,et al.On the analysis of rural space.Progress in Geography,2018,37(5):591-600.]
[15]Johnson T G.Entrepreneurship and development finance:Keys to rural revitalization.merican Journal of Agricultural Eco-nomics,1989,71(5):1324-1326.
[16]Kawate T.Rural revitalization and reform of rural organizations in contemporary rural Japan.Journal of Rural Problems,2005,40(4):393-402.
[17]Bai Xuemei,Shi Peijun,Liu Yansui.Realizing China’surban dream.Nature,2014,509:158-160.
[18]Nonaka A,Ono H.Revitalization of rural economies though the restructuring the self-sufficient realm:Growth in smallscale rapeseed production in Japan.Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly,2015,49(4):383-390.
[19]张小林.乡村概念辨析.地理学报,1998,(4):79-85.[Zhang Xiaolin.On discrimination of rural definitiongs.Acta Geographica Sinica,1998,(4):79-85.]
[20]刘彦随,龙花楼,张小林,等.中国农业与乡村地理研究进展与展望.地理科学进展,2011,30(12):1498-1505.[Liu Yansui,Long Hualou,Zhang Xiaolin,et al.Research progress and prospect in the disciplines of agricultural geography and rural development in China.Progress in Geography,2011,30(12):1498-1505.]
[21]刘彦随,刘玉,翟荣新.中国农村空心化的地理学研究与整治实践.地理学报,2009,64(10):1193-1202.[Liu Yansui,Liu Yu,Zhai Rongxin.Geographical research and optimizing practice of rural hollowing in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2009,64(10):1193-1202.]
[22]刘彦随,严镔,王艳飞.新时期中国城乡发展的主要问题与转型对策.经济地理,2016,36(7):1-8.[Liu Yansui,Yan Bin,Wang Yanfei.Urban-rural development problems and transformation countermeasuresin the new period in China.Economic Geography,2016,36(7):1-8.]
[23]乔家君,马玉玲.城乡界面动态模型研究.地理研究,2016,35(12):2283-2297.[Qiao Jiajun,Ma Yuling.Research on dynamic model of urban-rural interface.Geographical Research,2016,35(12):2283-2297.]
[24]龙花楼,屠爽爽.乡村重构的理论认知,地理科学进展,2018,37(5):581-590.[Long Hualou,Tu Shuangshuang.Theoretical thinking of rural restructuring.Progress in Geography,2018,37(5):581-590.]
[25]张军.乡村价值定位与乡村振兴.中国农村经济,2018,(1):2-10.[Zhang Jun.Village value orientation and rural revitalization.Chinese Rural Economy,2018,(1):2-10.]
[26]叶强,钟炽兴.乡建,我们准备好了吗:乡村建设系统理论框架研究.地理研究,2017,36(10):1843-1858.[Ye Qiang,Zhong Zhixing.Have we been ready for rural construction:Research on the theoretical framework of rural construction system.Geographical Research,2017,36(10):1843-1858.]
[27]龙花楼,张英男,屠爽爽.论土地整治与乡村振兴.地理学报,2018,73(10):1837-1849.[Long Hualou,Zhang Yingnan,Tu Shuangshuang.Land consolidation and rural revitalization.Acta Geographica Sinica,2018,73(10):1837-1849.]
[28]廖彩荣,陈美球.乡村振兴战略的理论逻辑、科学内涵与实现路径.农林经济管理学报,2017,16(6):795-802.[Liao Cairong,Chen Meiqiu.The theoretical logic,scientific connotation and achieving methods of rural revitalization strategy.Journal of Agro-Forestry Economics and Management,2017,16(6):795-802.]
[29]郭晓鸣.乡村振兴战略的若干维度观察.改革,2018,(3):54-61.[Guo Xiaoming.Researches on the China’s rural revitalization strategy from several dimensions.Reform,2018,(3):54-61.]
[30]叶兴庆.新时代中国乡村振兴战略论纲.改革,2018,(1):65-73.[Ye Xingqing.The general principles of the China’s rural revitalization strategy in the new era.Reform,2018,(1):65-73.]
[31]龙花楼,屠爽爽.论乡村重构.地理学报,2017,72(4):563-576.[Long Hualou,Tu Shuangshuang.Rural restructuring:Theory,approach and research prospect.Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(4):563-576.]
[32]陆大道.关于“点-轴”空间结构系统的形成机理分析.地理科学,2002,22(1):1-6.[Lu Dadao.Formation and dynamics of the"Pole-Axis"spatial system.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2002,22(1):1-6.]
[2]刘彦随,李进涛.中国县域农村贫困化分异机制的地理探测与优化决策.地理学报,2017,72(1):161-173.[Liu Yansui,Li Jintao.Geographic detection and optimizing decision of the differentiation mechanism of rural poverty in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(1):161-173.]
[3]王介勇,陈玉福,严茂超.我国精准扶贫政策及其创新路径研究.中国科学院院刊,2016,31(3):289-295.[Wang Jieyong,Chen Yufu,Yan Maochao.Research on the targeted measures of poverty alleviation and its innovative ways in China.Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2016,31(3):289-295.]
[4]刘彦随,周扬,刘继来.中国农村贫困化地域分异特征及其精准扶贫策略.中国科学院院刊,2016,31(3):269-278.[Liu Yansui,Zhou Yang,Liu Jilai.Regional differentiation characteristics of rural poverty and targeted-poverty alleviation strategy in China.Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Science,2016,31(3):269-278.]
[5]文琦,施琳娜,马彩虹,等.黄土高原村域多维贫困空间异质性研究:以宁夏彭阳县为例.地理学报,2018,73(10):1850-1864.[Wen Qi,Shi Linna,Ma Caihong,et al.Spatial heterogeneity of multidimensional poverty at the village level:Loess Plateau.Acta Geographica Sinica,2018,73(10):1850-1864.]
[6]杨忍,刘彦随,龙花楼.中国环渤海地区人口-土地-产业非农化转型协同演化特征.地理研究,2015,34(3):475-486.[Yang Ren,Liu Yansui,Long Hualou.The study on non-agricultural transformation co-evolution characteristics of"population-land-industry":Case study of the Bohai Rim in China.Geographical Research,2015,34(3):475-486.]
[7]Liu Zhengjia,Liu Yansui,Li Yurui.Anthropogenic contributions dominate trends of vegetation cover change over the farming-pastoral ecotone of northern China.Ecological Indicators,2018,95(1):370-378.
[8]姜绍静,罗泮.空心村问题研究进展与成果综述.中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(6):51-58.[Jiang Shaojing,Luo Pan.A literature review on hollow villages in China.China Population,Resources and Environment,2014,24(6):51-58]
[9]文琦,刘彦随.陕北能源开发区农村转型发展轨迹及效应解析.地理科学,2014,34(9):1077-1084.[Wen Qi,Liu Yansui.Development track and its effect of rural transformation in energy exploitation area of northern Shaanxi Province.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(9):1077-1084.]
[10]贺雪峰.关于实施乡村振兴战略的几个问题.南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018,18(3):19-26,152.[He xuefeng.Some issues in rural thriving strategy implementation.Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition),2018,18(3):19-26,152.]
[11]黄祖辉.准确把握中国乡村振兴战略.中国农村经济,2018,(4):2-12.[Huang Zuhui.On the strategy of rural revitalization in China.Chinese Rural Economy,2018,(4):2-12.]
[12]文琦.中国农村转型发展研究的进展与趋势.中国人口·资源与环境,2009,19(1):20-24.[Wen Qi.Recent progress of research in rural transformation development and its trends in China.China Population,Resources and Environment,2009,19(1):20-24.]
[13]Liu Yansui,Li Yuheng.Revitalize the world's countryside.Nature,2017,548(7667):275-277.
[14]李红波,胡晓亮,张小林,等.乡村空间辨析.地理科学进展,2018,37(5):591-600.[Li Hongbo,Hu Xiaoliang,Zhang Xiaolin,et al.On the analysis of rural space.Progress in Geography,2018,37(5):591-600.]
[15]Johnson T G.Entrepreneurship and development finance:Keys to rural revitalization.merican Journal of Agricultural Eco-nomics,1989,71(5):1324-1326.
[16]Kawate T.Rural revitalization and reform of rural organizations in contemporary rural Japan.Journal of Rural Problems,2005,40(4):393-402.
[17]Bai Xuemei,Shi Peijun,Liu Yansui.Realizing China’surban dream.Nature,2014,509:158-160.
[18]Nonaka A,Ono H.Revitalization of rural economies though the restructuring the self-sufficient realm:Growth in smallscale rapeseed production in Japan.Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly,2015,49(4):383-390.
[19]张小林.乡村概念辨析.地理学报,1998,(4):79-85.[Zhang Xiaolin.On discrimination of rural definitiongs.Acta Geographica Sinica,1998,(4):79-85.]
[20]刘彦随,龙花楼,张小林,等.中国农业与乡村地理研究进展与展望.地理科学进展,2011,30(12):1498-1505.[Liu Yansui,Long Hualou,Zhang Xiaolin,et al.Research progress and prospect in the disciplines of agricultural geography and rural development in China.Progress in Geography,2011,30(12):1498-1505.]
[21]刘彦随,刘玉,翟荣新.中国农村空心化的地理学研究与整治实践.地理学报,2009,64(10):1193-1202.[Liu Yansui,Liu Yu,Zhai Rongxin.Geographical research and optimizing practice of rural hollowing in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2009,64(10):1193-1202.]
[22]刘彦随,严镔,王艳飞.新时期中国城乡发展的主要问题与转型对策.经济地理,2016,36(7):1-8.[Liu Yansui,Yan Bin,Wang Yanfei.Urban-rural development problems and transformation countermeasuresin the new period in China.Economic Geography,2016,36(7):1-8.]
[23]乔家君,马玉玲.城乡界面动态模型研究.地理研究,2016,35(12):2283-2297.[Qiao Jiajun,Ma Yuling.Research on dynamic model of urban-rural interface.Geographical Research,2016,35(12):2283-2297.]
[24]龙花楼,屠爽爽.乡村重构的理论认知,地理科学进展,2018,37(5):581-590.[Long Hualou,Tu Shuangshuang.Theoretical thinking of rural restructuring.Progress in Geography,2018,37(5):581-590.]
[25]张军.乡村价值定位与乡村振兴.中国农村经济,2018,(1):2-10.[Zhang Jun.Village value orientation and rural revitalization.Chinese Rural Economy,2018,(1):2-10.]
[26]叶强,钟炽兴.乡建,我们准备好了吗:乡村建设系统理论框架研究.地理研究,2017,36(10):1843-1858.[Ye Qiang,Zhong Zhixing.Have we been ready for rural construction:Research on the theoretical framework of rural construction system.Geographical Research,2017,36(10):1843-1858.]
[27]龙花楼,张英男,屠爽爽.论土地整治与乡村振兴.地理学报,2018,73(10):1837-1849.[Long Hualou,Zhang Yingnan,Tu Shuangshuang.Land consolidation and rural revitalization.Acta Geographica Sinica,2018,73(10):1837-1849.]
[28]廖彩荣,陈美球.乡村振兴战略的理论逻辑、科学内涵与实现路径.农林经济管理学报,2017,16(6):795-802.[Liao Cairong,Chen Meiqiu.The theoretical logic,scientific connotation and achieving methods of rural revitalization strategy.Journal of Agro-Forestry Economics and Management,2017,16(6):795-802.]
[29]郭晓鸣.乡村振兴战略的若干维度观察.改革,2018,(3):54-61.[Guo Xiaoming.Researches on the China’s rural revitalization strategy from several dimensions.Reform,2018,(3):54-61.]
[30]叶兴庆.新时代中国乡村振兴战略论纲.改革,2018,(1):65-73.[Ye Xingqing.The general principles of the China’s rural revitalization strategy in the new era.Reform,2018,(1):65-73.]
[31]龙花楼,屠爽爽.论乡村重构.地理学报,2017,72(4):563-576.[Long Hualou,Tu Shuangshuang.Rural restructuring:Theory,approach and research prospect.Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(4):563-576.]
[32]陆大道.关于“点-轴”空间结构系统的形成机理分析.地理科学,2002,22(1):1-6.[Lu Dadao.Formation and dynamics of the"Pole-Axis"spatial system.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2002,22(1):1-6.]
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