“说话书本”视阈下的道格拉斯自传研究
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摘要
非裔美国文学理论家小亨利·路易斯·盖茨以"说话书本"为主线,通过挖掘黑人文学、文化中的传统元素,构建了一整套非裔美国文学理论。"说话书本"不仅是非裔美国文学传统中第一个也是最重要的转义,而且是贯穿非裔美国文学理论体系的重要线索。道格拉斯的自传在说话书本的发展中起到了传承前启后的作用:前承早期五部奴隶叙事的说话书本转义,后启赫斯顿、里德、沃克对说话书本的重复和改写。研究揭示了"说话书本"作为文学传统在非裔美国文学中的连续性和发展性。
The African American literary theorist Henry Louis Gates used the " Talking Book " as the main line to construct a set of African American literary theories by excavating the traditional elements of black literature and culture. " Talking Book " is not only the first and most important trope of the African American literary tradition, but also an important clue throughout the theoretical system of African American literature. Douglass ' s autobiographies played a crucial role in the development of " Talking Book " : not only inheriting the literary traditions of the early five slave narratives, but also being repeated and revised by Hurston, Reed, and Walker. The study reveals the continuity and development of the " Talking Book " as a literary tradition in African American literature.
The African American literary theorist Henry Louis Gates used the " Talking Book " as the main line to construct a set of African American literary theories by excavating the traditional elements of black literature and culture. " Talking Book " is not only the first and most important trope of the African American literary tradition, but also an important clue throughout the theoretical system of African American literature. Douglass ' s autobiographies played a crucial role in the development of " Talking Book " : not only inheriting the literary traditions of the early five slave narratives, but also being repeated and revised by Hurston, Reed, and Walker. The study reveals the continuity and development of the " Talking Book " as a literary tradition in African American literature.
引文
[1]Cheng,X.L.“Some Thoughts on African American Literature Studies in China.”In J.Zheng&L.G.Luo(eds.).In a Global Context:Essays of the International Symposium on African American Literature[C]. Wuhan:CCNU Press, 2011.
[2]盖茨.《意指的猴子:一个非裔美国文学批评理论》[M],王元陆,译,北京:北京大学出版社, 2011年.
[3]何燕李.《“会说话的书本”—盖茨的非裔文学理论研究》[D],成都:四川大学, 2013年, p. 10.
[4]William L.Andrews ed.African American Autobiography:A Collection of Critical Essays[C].New Jersey:Prentice-Hall,Inc.,1993.
[5] Stepto R B. Narration, authentication, and authorial control in Frederick Douglass's Narrative of 1845[J]. 1979.
[6]Maryemma Graham ed.Cambridge Companion to the African American Novel[M].Cambridge UK:Cambridge University Press,2004.
[7] Donald C. Jones.“Literacy, Orality, and Silence:‘Reading’ the Exigencies of Oppression in Frederick Douglass’ 1845 ‘Narrative’”[C]. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication. 1995.
(1)这五部作品分别是詹姆斯·格罗涅索的《一个非洲王子詹姆斯·艾伯特·尤考索·格罗涅索对生活中最不寻常的细节的自述》(1774),约翰·马伦特的《一个黑人约翰·马伦特对上帝非同寻常的对待的叙事》(1785),奥托巴·库戈阿诺的《想法与感受》(1787),奥劳达·伊奎阿诺的《奥劳达·伊奎阿诺对生活的有趣叙事》(1789),以及约翰·杰的《约翰·杰的生活、历史与所经历的空前绝后的苦难》(1983被偶尔发现)。
(2)这三部自传分别是:《弗雷德里克·道格拉斯:一个美国奴隶的叙述,由他本人撰写》(1845年),《我的奴隶生涯和我的自由》(1855年),《弗雷德里克·道格拉斯的生平和时代》(1881出版, 1891扩充)。
[2]盖茨.《意指的猴子:一个非裔美国文学批评理论》[M],王元陆,译,北京:北京大学出版社, 2011年.
[3]何燕李.《“会说话的书本”—盖茨的非裔文学理论研究》[D],成都:四川大学, 2013年, p. 10.
[4]William L.Andrews ed.African American Autobiography:A Collection of Critical Essays[C].New Jersey:Prentice-Hall,Inc.,1993.
[5] Stepto R B. Narration, authentication, and authorial control in Frederick Douglass's Narrative of 1845[J]. 1979.
[6]Maryemma Graham ed.Cambridge Companion to the African American Novel[M].Cambridge UK:Cambridge University Press,2004.
[7] Donald C. Jones.“Literacy, Orality, and Silence:‘Reading’ the Exigencies of Oppression in Frederick Douglass’ 1845 ‘Narrative’”[C]. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication. 1995.
(1)这五部作品分别是詹姆斯·格罗涅索的《一个非洲王子詹姆斯·艾伯特·尤考索·格罗涅索对生活中最不寻常的细节的自述》(1774),约翰·马伦特的《一个黑人约翰·马伦特对上帝非同寻常的对待的叙事》(1785),奥托巴·库戈阿诺的《想法与感受》(1787),奥劳达·伊奎阿诺的《奥劳达·伊奎阿诺对生活的有趣叙事》(1789),以及约翰·杰的《约翰·杰的生活、历史与所经历的空前绝后的苦难》(1983被偶尔发现)。
(2)这三部自传分别是:《弗雷德里克·道格拉斯:一个美国奴隶的叙述,由他本人撰写》(1845年),《我的奴隶生涯和我的自由》(1855年),《弗雷德里克·道格拉斯的生平和时代》(1881出版, 1891扩充)。