跨国公司知识管理创新实施——外派管理人员回任适应与回任知识转移视角
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摘要
跨国经营知识是开展全球化经营最为重要的战略性资源,若能有效运用将有助于跨国公司获取竞争优势。立足于回任知识及其管理的重要性,从外派至回任周期的最后一个环节——回任适应出发,首先分析回任适应对于回任人员和外派组织回任知识转移的重要性,明确回任适应的关键影响因素;然后从个体-组织匹配视角分析增强回任适应的可行性和组织应有的支持角色;最后基于回任知识转移的影响因素,分析并提出促进回任知识转移的制度设置和管理策略,以及如何进行回任知识的转移效果评价。
The expanding global economy knowledge has become one of the most strategically-significant resource. The paper focuses on the importance of repatriate knowledge and repatriate knowledge's management based on the analysis of the last link of expatriate,repatriate cycle, namely, repatriate adjustment. First of all, we analyzed the importance of repatriate adjustment to repatriates and MNCs' repatriate knowledge transfer, and the key factors on repatriate adjustment have been explicated. Secondly, we analyzed the possibility of improving repatriate adjustment, moreover, the organizational support role. Lastly, based on influence factors of repatriate knowledge transfer, system settings and management strategy on repatriate knowledge transfer and some effects evaluation methods on repatriate knowledge transfer were proposed.
The expanding global economy knowledge has become one of the most strategically-significant resource. The paper focuses on the importance of repatriate knowledge and repatriate knowledge's management based on the analysis of the last link of expatriate,repatriate cycle, namely, repatriate adjustment. First of all, we analyzed the importance of repatriate adjustment to repatriates and MNCs' repatriate knowledge transfer, and the key factors on repatriate adjustment have been explicated. Secondly, we analyzed the possibility of improving repatriate adjustment, moreover, the organizational support role. Lastly, based on influence factors of repatriate knowledge transfer, system settings and management strategy on repatriate knowledge transfer and some effects evaluation methods on repatriate knowledge transfer were proposed.
引文
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[19]ODDOU G,SZKUDLAREK B,OSLAND J S,et al.Repatriates as a source of competitive advantage[J].Organizational Dynamics,2013,42:257-266
[20]YEATON K.HALL N.Expatriates:reducing failure rates[J].Journal of Corporate Accounting&Finance,2008,19(3):75-8
[21]HARZING A W,PUDELKO M,REICHE S B.The bridging role of expatriates and inpatriates in knowledge transfer in multinational corporations[J].Human Resource Management.2016,55(4):679-695
[22]BHASKAR-SHRINIVAS P,HARRISON D A,SHAFFER M,et al.Input-based and time-based models of international adjustment:meta-analytic evidence and theoretical extensions[J].Academy of Management Journal,2005,48(2):257-281
[23]BLACK W C,STEPHEN G K.The influence of the spouse on American expatriate adjustment and intent to stay in pacific rim overseas assignments[J].Journal of Management,1989,15(4):529-544
[24]BLACK J S,GREGERSEN H B.When Yankee comes home:factors related to expatriate and spouse repatriation adjustment[J].Journal of International Business Studies,1991(22):671-94
[25]HECHANOVA R,BEEHR T A,CHRISTIANSEN N D.Antecedents and consequences of employees'adjustment to overseas assignment:a meta-analytic review[J].Applied Psychology:An International Review,2003,2(52):213-236
[26]KRISTOF A M.Person organization fit:an integrative review of its conceptualizations,measurement,and implications[J].Personnel Psychology,1996,49:1-49
[27]CHATMAN.Improving interactional organizational research:a model of person-organization fit[J].Academy of Management Review,1989,14(3):333-349
[28]ARGOTEL,MCEVILYB,REAGANS R.Managing knowledge in organizations:an integrative framework and review of emerging themes[J].Management Science,2003,49(4):571-582
[29]STRACH K,MEYER C,SCHILD H,et al.Cardiac stress MR imaging with dobutamine[J].European Radiology,2006,16(12):2728-2738
[30]REICHE S.Knowledge benefits of social capital upon repatriation.A longitudinal study of international assignees[J].Journal of Management Studies,2012,49(6):1052-1077
[31]MARSICK V J,WATKINS K E.Demonstrating the value of an organization’s learning culture:the dimensions of the learning organization questionnaire[J].Advances in Developing Human Resources,2003,5(2):132-151
[32]MINBAEVA D B,PEDERSEN T.Governing individual knowledge-sharing behavior[J].International Journal of Strategic Change Management,2010,2:200-222
[33]ANTAL A B,WALKER E M.Organizational learning from Chinese returners:an exploratory study of the role of cross-cultural interactions[M]//MOHAMED SM,MOHIUDDIN Q.The role of expatriates in MNCs knowledge mobilization.London:Emerald,2011
[34]KOSTOVA T.Transnational transfer of strategic organizational practices:a contextual perspective[J].Academy of Management Review,1999,24(2):308-324
[35]BERTHOIN A A.Types of knowledge gained by expatriate managers[J].Journal of General Management,2000,26(2):32-51
[36]JOSHI K D,SARKER S,SARKER S.Knowledge transfer within information systems development teams:examining the role of knowledge source attributes[J].Decision Support Systems,2006,43(2):322-335
[37]HUANG M C,CHIU Y P,LU T C.Knowledge governance mechanisms and repatriate's knowledge sharing.The mediating roles of motivation and opportunity[J].Journal of Knowledge Management,2013,17:677–694
[38]BERTHOIN-ANTAL A.Expatriates’contribution to organization learning[J].Journal of General Management,2001,26(4):62-84
[39]HARVEY M G,NOVICEVIC M.The evolution from repatriated managers in MNEs to'patriation'in global organizations[M]//STAHL GK,BJOERKMAN I.Handbook of research in international human resource management.Cheltenham:Edward Elgar Publishing Limited,2006
[40]NERY-KJERFVE T,MCLEAN G N.Repatriation of expatriate employees,knowledge transfer,and organizational learning:what do we know?[J].European Journal of Training and Development,2012,36(6):614-629
[41]BURMEISTER A,DELLER J,OSLAND J S,et al.The micro-processes during repatriate knowledge transfer.The repatriates’perspective[J].Journal of Knowledge Management,2015a,19:735-755
[42]JAYASEKARA P,TAKAHASHI Y.Improving post-assignment behavioral outcomes of expatriates.A Sri Lankan perspective[J].Journal of Global Mobility:The Home of Expatriate Management Research,2014,2:298-316
[43]JASSAWALLA A R,SASHITTAL H C.Thinking strategically about integrating repatriated managers in MNCs[J].Human Resource Management,2009,48(5):769-92
[44]王玉梅,何燕珍.跨国外派管理实践对外派人员跨文化适应的影响——基于中国企业的实证研究[J].经济管理,2014,36(4):80-92
[45]罗岭,王娟茹.跨国公司回任人员国际知识转移的互动模型[J].科技与经济,2015,166(4):86-90
[46]王娟茹.回任支持对双元性创新的影响研究[J].管理学报,2015,12(7):976-983
[2]BURMEISTER A,DELLER J.A practical perspective on repatriate knowledge transfer:the influence of organizational support practices[J].Journal of Global Mobility:The Home of Expatriate Management Research,2016,4(1):68-87
[3]SZULANSKI G.Exploring internal stickiness:impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm[J].Strategic Management Journal,1996,17(S2):27-43
[4]O'DELL C,GRAYSON C J.Knowledge transfer:discover your value proposition[J].Strategy&Leadership,1999,27(2):10-15
[5]ARGOTE L,INGRAM P.Knowledge transfer:a basis for competitive advantage in firms[J].Organizational Behavior&Human Decision Processes,2000,82(1):150-169
[6]CROWNE K A.Enhancing knowledge transfer during and after international assignments[J].Journal of Knowledge Management,2009,13(4):134-147
[7]BLACK J S,GREGERSEN H B,MENDENHALL M E.Toward a theoretical framework of repatriation adjustment[J].Journal of International Business Studies,1992,23(4):737-61
[8]BLACK J S,GREGERSEN M,MENDENHALL M,et al.Globalizing people through international assignments[M].New York:Addison-Wesley,1999
[9]PATTIER B,HENDERSON M,KASSIBA A,et al.Multiapproach electron paramagnetic resonance investigations of UVphotoinduced Ti3+in titanium oxide-based gels[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2010,114(114):4424-4431
[10]MA E S V,RAQUEL S V,MA I B A.Analysis of the repatriation adjustment process in the Spanish context[J].International Journal of Manpower,2010,31(1):21-41
[11]KOHONEN E.Developing global leaders through international assignments:an identity construction perspective[J].Personnel Review,2005,34(1):22-36
[12]KOHONEN E.The impact of international assignments on expatriates’identity and career aspirations:reflections upon reentry[J].Scandinavian Journal of Management,2008,24(4):320-329
[13]MALEK M B,BUDHWAR P.Cultural intelligence as a predictor of expatriate adjustment and performance in Malaysia[J].Journal of World Business,2013,48(2):222-231
[14]KRAIMER M L,SHAFFER M A,HARRISON D A,et al.No place like home?An identity strain perspective on repatriate turnover[J].Academy of Management Journal,2012,55(2):399-420
[15]ARGOTE L.Organizational learning:creating,retaining and transferring knowledge[M].2nd ed.New York:Springer,2013
[16]SCHLEIMER S C,PEDERSEN T.The effects of MNC parent effort and social structure on subsidiary absorptive capacity[J].Journal of International Business Studies,2014,45(3):303-320
[17]ODDOU G,OSLAND J S,BLAKENEY R N.Repatriating knowledge:variables influencing the“transfer”process[J].Journal of International Business Studies,2009,40(2):181-199.
[18]STROH L K,GREGERSEN H B,BLACK J S.Triumphs and tragedies:expectations and commitments upon repatriation[J].International Journal of Human Resource Management,2000,11(4):681-97
[19]ODDOU G,SZKUDLAREK B,OSLAND J S,et al.Repatriates as a source of competitive advantage[J].Organizational Dynamics,2013,42:257-266
[20]YEATON K.HALL N.Expatriates:reducing failure rates[J].Journal of Corporate Accounting&Finance,2008,19(3):75-8
[21]HARZING A W,PUDELKO M,REICHE S B.The bridging role of expatriates and inpatriates in knowledge transfer in multinational corporations[J].Human Resource Management.2016,55(4):679-695
[22]BHASKAR-SHRINIVAS P,HARRISON D A,SHAFFER M,et al.Input-based and time-based models of international adjustment:meta-analytic evidence and theoretical extensions[J].Academy of Management Journal,2005,48(2):257-281
[23]BLACK W C,STEPHEN G K.The influence of the spouse on American expatriate adjustment and intent to stay in pacific rim overseas assignments[J].Journal of Management,1989,15(4):529-544
[24]BLACK J S,GREGERSEN H B.When Yankee comes home:factors related to expatriate and spouse repatriation adjustment[J].Journal of International Business Studies,1991(22):671-94
[25]HECHANOVA R,BEEHR T A,CHRISTIANSEN N D.Antecedents and consequences of employees'adjustment to overseas assignment:a meta-analytic review[J].Applied Psychology:An International Review,2003,2(52):213-236
[26]KRISTOF A M.Person organization fit:an integrative review of its conceptualizations,measurement,and implications[J].Personnel Psychology,1996,49:1-49
[27]CHATMAN.Improving interactional organizational research:a model of person-organization fit[J].Academy of Management Review,1989,14(3):333-349
[28]ARGOTEL,MCEVILYB,REAGANS R.Managing knowledge in organizations:an integrative framework and review of emerging themes[J].Management Science,2003,49(4):571-582
[29]STRACH K,MEYER C,SCHILD H,et al.Cardiac stress MR imaging with dobutamine[J].European Radiology,2006,16(12):2728-2738
[30]REICHE S.Knowledge benefits of social capital upon repatriation.A longitudinal study of international assignees[J].Journal of Management Studies,2012,49(6):1052-1077
[31]MARSICK V J,WATKINS K E.Demonstrating the value of an organization’s learning culture:the dimensions of the learning organization questionnaire[J].Advances in Developing Human Resources,2003,5(2):132-151
[32]MINBAEVA D B,PEDERSEN T.Governing individual knowledge-sharing behavior[J].International Journal of Strategic Change Management,2010,2:200-222
[33]ANTAL A B,WALKER E M.Organizational learning from Chinese returners:an exploratory study of the role of cross-cultural interactions[M]//MOHAMED SM,MOHIUDDIN Q.The role of expatriates in MNCs knowledge mobilization.London:Emerald,2011
[34]KOSTOVA T.Transnational transfer of strategic organizational practices:a contextual perspective[J].Academy of Management Review,1999,24(2):308-324
[35]BERTHOIN A A.Types of knowledge gained by expatriate managers[J].Journal of General Management,2000,26(2):32-51
[36]JOSHI K D,SARKER S,SARKER S.Knowledge transfer within information systems development teams:examining the role of knowledge source attributes[J].Decision Support Systems,2006,43(2):322-335
[37]HUANG M C,CHIU Y P,LU T C.Knowledge governance mechanisms and repatriate's knowledge sharing.The mediating roles of motivation and opportunity[J].Journal of Knowledge Management,2013,17:677–694
[38]BERTHOIN-ANTAL A.Expatriates’contribution to organization learning[J].Journal of General Management,2001,26(4):62-84
[39]HARVEY M G,NOVICEVIC M.The evolution from repatriated managers in MNEs to'patriation'in global organizations[M]//STAHL GK,BJOERKMAN I.Handbook of research in international human resource management.Cheltenham:Edward Elgar Publishing Limited,2006
[40]NERY-KJERFVE T,MCLEAN G N.Repatriation of expatriate employees,knowledge transfer,and organizational learning:what do we know?[J].European Journal of Training and Development,2012,36(6):614-629
[41]BURMEISTER A,DELLER J,OSLAND J S,et al.The micro-processes during repatriate knowledge transfer.The repatriates’perspective[J].Journal of Knowledge Management,2015a,19:735-755
[42]JAYASEKARA P,TAKAHASHI Y.Improving post-assignment behavioral outcomes of expatriates.A Sri Lankan perspective[J].Journal of Global Mobility:The Home of Expatriate Management Research,2014,2:298-316
[43]JASSAWALLA A R,SASHITTAL H C.Thinking strategically about integrating repatriated managers in MNCs[J].Human Resource Management,2009,48(5):769-92
[44]王玉梅,何燕珍.跨国外派管理实践对外派人员跨文化适应的影响——基于中国企业的实证研究[J].经济管理,2014,36(4):80-92
[45]罗岭,王娟茹.跨国公司回任人员国际知识转移的互动模型[J].科技与经济,2015,166(4):86-90
[46]王娟茹.回任支持对双元性创新的影响研究[J].管理学报,2015,12(7):976-983