三相电压型PWM整流器建模、控制及稳定性分析
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摘要
三相电压型PWM整流器的状态空间模型具有多输入多输出的非线性结构。根据瞬时有功功率守恒原理,建立了整流器有功电流与直流母线电压之间的小信号模型。整流器工作在整流状态时,存在一个右半平面的零点,系统呈现出非最小相位特性。为了更加精确地分析在离散控制下整流器的性能,建立了三相PWM整流器采用电压、电流双闭环控制结构时系统的离散域模型,提出了电压、电流控制器参数的工程设计方法,并且详细地分析了系统各参数对系统稳定性的影响。研究结果表明:系统的稳定性主要受到了电压外环比例系数、交流侧滤波电感、母线电容、负载因素影响。最后,实验结果证明了上述理论分析的正确性。
State-space model for three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier has a multi-input multi-output(MIMO) nonlinear structure. According to instantaneous active power balance relation, a small-signal mathematical model for the relation between active current and dc-side bus voltage is proposed. When the rectifier operates in rectification mode, it has a zero point in right half plane(RHP) and exhibits non-minimum phase feature. In order to analyze the basic performances of the rectifier accurately under discrete control, a discrete domain model of three-phase PWM rectifier using dual-loop control structure of an outer voltage feedback loop and an inner current loop is established, the controller parameters of voltage and current loop are designed, and stability affected by variation of converter parameters is analyzed. Results show that the proportional gain of outer voltage loop, ac filter inductor, bus capacitor, and load are the main factors relevant to instability. At last, experimental results certify accuracy of theoretical analysis.
State-space model for three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier has a multi-input multi-output(MIMO) nonlinear structure. According to instantaneous active power balance relation, a small-signal mathematical model for the relation between active current and dc-side bus voltage is proposed. When the rectifier operates in rectification mode, it has a zero point in right half plane(RHP) and exhibits non-minimum phase feature. In order to analyze the basic performances of the rectifier accurately under discrete control, a discrete domain model of three-phase PWM rectifier using dual-loop control structure of an outer voltage feedback loop and an inner current loop is established, the controller parameters of voltage and current loop are designed, and stability affected by variation of converter parameters is analyzed. Results show that the proportional gain of outer voltage loop, ac filter inductor, bus capacitor, and load are the main factors relevant to instability. At last, experimental results certify accuracy of theoretical analysis.
引文
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[15]钟炎平,陈耀军,吴胜华.三相电压型PWM整流器的稳定性研究[J].电气自动化,2013,35(2):10-12.Zhong Yanping,Chen Yaojun,Wu Shenghua.Research on the stability of three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier[J].Electrical Automation,2013,35(2):10-12(in Chinese).
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[17]Blasko V,Kaura V.A new mathematical model and control of a threephase AC-DC voltage source converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1997,12(1):116-123.
[18]刘爽,刘志刚,王亚绮,等.基于滑模控制的牵引网网压低频振荡抑制方法[J].电网技术,2018,42(9):3000-3006.Liu Shuang,Liu Zhigang,Wang Yaqi,et al.A novel approach to low frequency oscillation suppression of traction network voltage based on SMC[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(9):3000-3006(in Chinese).
[19]姜卫东,李王敏,佘阳阳,等.直流电容储能反馈和负载功率前馈的PWM整流器控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(8):151-158.Jiang Weidong,Li Wangmin,She Yangyang,et al.Control strategy for PWM rectifier based on feedback of the energy stored in capacitor and load power feed-forward[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(8):151-158(in Chinese).
[20]裘迅,方宇,王儒,等.三相高功率因数电压型PWM整流器控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2008,23(11):96-102.Qiu Xun,Fang Yu,Wang Ru,et al.Control strategy of three-phase high power factor PWM rectifier[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2008,23(11):96-102(in Chinese).
[21]Pan D,Ruan X,Bao C,et al.capacitor-current-feedback active damping with reduced computation delay for improving robustness of LCL-type grid-connected inverter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(7):3414-3427.
[22]高金源,夏洁.计算机控制系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.
[23]Buso S,Mattavelli P.Digital control in power electronics[M].Seattle,WA:Morgan&Claypool,2006.
[24]Zou C Y,Liu B Y,Duan S X,et al.Influence of delay on system stability and delay optimization of grid-connected inverters with LCLfilter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,10(3):1775-1784.
[2]Juan M C,Leopoldo G F,Jan T B,et al.Power-electronic systems for the grid integration of renewable energy sources:a survey[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2006,53(4):1002-1016.
[3]张学,裴伟,邓卫,等.电网电压不平衡情况下三相并联型PWM整流器的控制策略[J].电网技术,2018,42(1):330-337.Zhang Xue,Pei Wei,Deng Wei.Control strategy of three-phase parallel PWM rectifier under unbalanced grid voltage[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(1):330-337(in Chinese).
[4]黄奕毅,贲洪奇,王韦琦,等.用于单级桥式PFC变换器电压尖峰抑制的有源钳位电路[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(4):844-855.Huang Yiyi,Ben Hongqi,Wang Weiqi,et al.Active clamp circuit applying to absorbing voltage spikes in single-stage full-bridge power factor converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(4):844-855(in Chinese).
[5]瞿博,吕征宇.三相电压型PWM整流器小信号建模及其控制器设计[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(5):103-108.Qu Bo,LüZhengyu.Small-signal modeling and controller design of three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(5):103-108(in Chinese).
[6]张纯江,顾和荣,王宝诚,等.基于新型相位幅值控制PWM整流器的数学模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(7):28-31.Zhang Chunjiang,Gu Herong,Wang Baocheng,et al.Mathematical model of three-phase PWM rectifier based on a new phase and amplitude control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(7):28-31(in Chinese).
[7]张纯江,郭忠南,王芹.基于新型相位幅值控制的三相PWM整流器双向工作状态分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(11):167-171.Zhang Chunjiang,Guo Zhongnan,Wang Qin.Analysis of bi-direction operation state of three phase rectifier based on a new phase and amplitude control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(11):167-171(in Chinese).
[8]邓卫华,张波,丘东元,等.三相电压型PWM整流器状态反馈精确线性化解耦控制研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(7):97-103.Deng Weihua,Zhang Bo,Qiu Dongyuan,et al.The research of decoupled state variable feedback linearization control method of three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(7):97-103(in Chinese).
[9]陆翔,谢运祥,桂存兵,等.基于多滑模变结构控制的三相PWM整流器非线性控制[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(4):79-87.Lu Xiang,Xie Yunxiang,Gui Cunbing,et al.Nonlinear control of three-phase PWM rectifier based on multi-sliding mode variable structure control[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(4):79-87(in Chinese).
[10]王恩德,黄声华.三相电压型PWM整流的新型双闭环控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(15):24-30.Wang Ende,Huang Shenghua.A novel double closed loops control of the three-phase voltage-source PWM rectifier[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(15):24-30(in Chinese).
[11]Huang M,Wong S C,Tse C K,et al.Catastrophic bifurcation in three-phase voltage-source converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and System,2013,60(4):1-10.
[12]Wan C,Huang M,Tse C K,et al.Nonlinear behavior and instability in a three-phase boost recrtifier connected to a nonideal power grid with an interacting load[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(7):3255-3265.
[13]任春光,李慧蓬,秦文萍,等.三相PWM整流器中灾难性分岔分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(13):3400-3409.Ren Chunguang,Li Huipeng,Qin Wenping,et al.Analysis of catastrophic bifurcation of three-phase PWM rectifier[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(13):3400-3409(in Chinese).
[14]涂春鸣,吴连贵,姜飞,等.单相PWM整流器最大带载能力分析[J].电网技术,2017,41(1):230-237.Tu Chunming,Wu Liangui,Jiang Fei,et al.Analysis of single-phase PWM rectifier’s maximum loading capacity[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(1):230-237(in Chinese).
[15]钟炎平,陈耀军,吴胜华.三相电压型PWM整流器的稳定性研究[J].电气自动化,2013,35(2):10-12.Zhong Yanping,Chen Yaojun,Wu Shenghua.Research on the stability of three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier[J].Electrical Automation,2013,35(2):10-12(in Chinese).
[16]张兴,张崇巍.PWM整流器及其控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2012.
[17]Blasko V,Kaura V.A new mathematical model and control of a threephase AC-DC voltage source converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1997,12(1):116-123.
[18]刘爽,刘志刚,王亚绮,等.基于滑模控制的牵引网网压低频振荡抑制方法[J].电网技术,2018,42(9):3000-3006.Liu Shuang,Liu Zhigang,Wang Yaqi,et al.A novel approach to low frequency oscillation suppression of traction network voltage based on SMC[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(9):3000-3006(in Chinese).
[19]姜卫东,李王敏,佘阳阳,等.直流电容储能反馈和负载功率前馈的PWM整流器控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(8):151-158.Jiang Weidong,Li Wangmin,She Yangyang,et al.Control strategy for PWM rectifier based on feedback of the energy stored in capacitor and load power feed-forward[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(8):151-158(in Chinese).
[20]裘迅,方宇,王儒,等.三相高功率因数电压型PWM整流器控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2008,23(11):96-102.Qiu Xun,Fang Yu,Wang Ru,et al.Control strategy of three-phase high power factor PWM rectifier[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2008,23(11):96-102(in Chinese).
[21]Pan D,Ruan X,Bao C,et al.capacitor-current-feedback active damping with reduced computation delay for improving robustness of LCL-type grid-connected inverter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(7):3414-3427.
[22]高金源,夏洁.计算机控制系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.
[23]Buso S,Mattavelli P.Digital control in power electronics[M].Seattle,WA:Morgan&Claypool,2006.
[24]Zou C Y,Liu B Y,Duan S X,et al.Influence of delay on system stability and delay optimization of grid-connected inverters with LCLfilter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,10(3):1775-1784.