网站引导策略对用户操作中的心智模型变化的影响
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摘要
[目的/意义]旨在探索在一定复杂任务下,不同的网站引导策略对用户心智模型变化的影响机理和要因。[研究设计/方法]采用问卷调查法,选用三种引导策略:使用说明文档、操作流程视频、说明文档与操作视频的结合为实验条件,重点观测用户在不同引导策略下的心智模型中各结构变量的改变,以及认知灵活性对心智模型的调节作用。[结论/发现]实验结果表明:第一,不同引导策略对心智模型中各结构变量的提高存在显著性差异,但用户信念上,文档以及文档与视频结合两种方式无较大差异,反映出用户对引导策略的感知有用度与实际有用度不相符合。第二,在复杂任务下,用户认知灵活性越高,心智模型改变越快,并越容易选择多种引导策略来学习,对说明文档的感知有用度更高,对其表现出偏好行为;用户认知灵活性越低,对操作视频方式的感知有用度更高。[创新/价值]梳理了在认知灵活性调节下,引导策略对用户心智模型变化的影响机制;研究结论对于改善网站引导策略,提高用户满意度具有参考价值。
[Purpose/Significance]This paper aims to explore the influence mechanism and essential factors of different website guide strategies on the users' mental model in the context of certain complex tasks. [Design/Methodology]Questionnaire survey was used, and three guide strategies were selected, including instructions, videos of operation process, and the combination of instructions and videos. This study focused on the change of structural variables in the users' mental model with different guide strategies, and moderating effects of cognitive flexibility on the mental model. [Findings/Conclusion]Several findings have been gained in this study. First of all, different guide strategies differ a lot in improving the structural variables of the users' mental model. However, there is no significant difference between instructions and the combination of instructions and videos in terms of users' beliefs, which indicates that users' perceived usefulness of guide strategy is not compatible with the actual usefulness. Secondly, in the context of complex tasks, the higher flexibility of users' cognition is, the faster change of variables present, and users are more likely to choose multiple guide strategies to learn. At the same time, instructions seem to have greater perceived usefulness, and users appear to prefer instructive documents. In the contrary, the lower flexibility of users' cognition is, the greater perceived usefulness of operation videos have. [Originality/Value]This paper sorts out the influence mechanism of guide strategies on the change of the users' mental model with the regulation of cognitive flexibility. This study could provide reference for improving the guide strategies and users' satisfaction of websites.
[Purpose/Significance]This paper aims to explore the influence mechanism and essential factors of different website guide strategies on the users' mental model in the context of certain complex tasks. [Design/Methodology]Questionnaire survey was used, and three guide strategies were selected, including instructions, videos of operation process, and the combination of instructions and videos. This study focused on the change of structural variables in the users' mental model with different guide strategies, and moderating effects of cognitive flexibility on the mental model. [Findings/Conclusion]Several findings have been gained in this study. First of all, different guide strategies differ a lot in improving the structural variables of the users' mental model. However, there is no significant difference between instructions and the combination of instructions and videos in terms of users' beliefs, which indicates that users' perceived usefulness of guide strategy is not compatible with the actual usefulness. Secondly, in the context of complex tasks, the higher flexibility of users' cognition is, the faster change of variables present, and users are more likely to choose multiple guide strategies to learn. At the same time, instructions seem to have greater perceived usefulness, and users appear to prefer instructive documents. In the contrary, the lower flexibility of users' cognition is, the greater perceived usefulness of operation videos have. [Originality/Value]This paper sorts out the influence mechanism of guide strategies on the change of the users' mental model with the regulation of cognitive flexibility. This study could provide reference for improving the guide strategies and users' satisfaction of websites.
引文
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2 宋琳琳,李海涛.近二十年来网络用户心智模型研究综述[J].大学图书情报学刊,2016,34(2):100-112.
3,25,33 甘利人,白晨,朱宪辰.信息用户检索决策中的心智模型分析[J].情报学报,2010,29(4) :641-651.
4,11 Darabi A,Hemphill J,Nelson D W,et al.Mental Model Progression in Learning the Electron Transport Chain:Effects of Instructional Strategies and Cognitive Flexibility[J].Advances in Health Sciences Education,2010,15(4):479-489.
5 Spiro R J,Coulson R L,Feltovich P J,et al.Cognitive Flexibility Theory:Advanced Knowledge Acquisition in Ill-Structured Domains [C]//Tenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.Hillsdale,NJ:Erlbaum,1988:375-383.
6 A?c? H B,Tan F Z,Alt?nta? F.A Strategic Approach for Learning Organizations:Mental Models[C]//12th International Strategic Management Conference.Antalya,Turkey,2016.
7,9 Seel N M.Educational Diagnosis of Mental Models:Assessment Problems and Technology-Based Solutions[J].Journal of Structural Learning and Intelligent Systems,1999,14(2),153-185.
8,10,12 甘利人,史飞,吴鹏.不同强度干预下检索方法学习中的用户心智模型动态变化研究:以大学生为例[J].情报学报,2012(6):662-672.
13 曹凌,耿鹏.政府网站用户引导模式的实证分析[J].情报科学,2012,30(2):216-220,231.
14 孔维广.网站引导页界面设计研究[D].石家庄:河北科技大学,2014.
16 Martin M M,Anderson C M.The Cognitive Flexibility Scale:Three Validity Studies[J].Communication Reports,1998,11(1):1-9.
17 Ionescu T.Exploring the Nature of Cognitive Flexibility[J].New Ideas in Psychology,2012,30(2):190-200.
18,38 程素萍,王婷婷.认知灵活性理论及其对教学实践的启示[J].天津师范大学学报(基础教育版),2011,12(1):14-18.
19 刘思麟.基于认知灵活理论的高中化学概念教学策略研究[D].延边:延边大学,2017.
20,23 Laureiro-Martínez D,Brusoni S.Cognitive Flexibility and Adaptive Decision-Making:Evidence from a Laboratory Study of Expert Decision Makers[J].Strategic Management Journal,2018,39(4):1031-1058.
21 Martin M M,Rubin R B.A New Measure of Cognitive Flexibility[J].Psychological Reports,2011,76(2):623-626.
22,36 Dennis J P,Vander Wal J S.The Cognitive Flexibility Inventory:Instrument Development and Estimates of Reliability and Validity[J].Cognitive Therapy & Research,2010,34(3):241-253.
24,34,35 王阳,杨燕,肖婉婷,等.认知灵活性问卷中文版测评大学生样本的效度和信度[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2016,30(1):58-63.
26 Lin X,Bai X,Hao J.Effectiveness of Mental Model-Based Training for Complex System Operators:A Quasi-Experimental Study[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Service System.Bangkok,Thailand,2014.
27 韩正彪,韩正芝.文献数据库用户心智模型演进驱动因素结构测量研究[J].图书情报工作,2017,61(15):111-119.
28 韩正彪.综合性文献数据库大学生用户心智模型影响因素及效用分析:以CNKI 为例[J].图书情报工作,2014,58(21):81-91.
29 Heinrich,William F .Toward Ideal Enacted Mental Models of Learning Outcomes Assessment in Higher Education[J].Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education,2017,9(4):490-508.
30 张云清.不同动机强度的趋近积极情绪对认知灵活性的影响:任务难度的调节作用[D].福州:福建师范大学,2015.
31 Ay?em Seda ?nen,Canan Ko?ak.The Effect of Cognitive Flexibility on Higher School Students’ Study Strategies[J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2015,191:2346-2350.
32 Zhang Y.The Development of Users’ Mental Models of MedlinePlus in Information Searching[J].Library & Information Science Research,2013,35(2):159-170.
37 Wong I K A ,Dioko L A N .Understanding the Mediated Moderating Role of Customer Expectations in the Customer Satisfaction Model:The Case of Casinos[J].Tourism Management,2013,36(3):188-199.
39,40 Kanjug I ,Chaijaroen S .The Design of Web-based Learning Environments Enhancing Mental Model Construction[J].Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,2012,46:3134-3140.
41 Eijkhout V.Teaching Distributed Memory Programming from Mental Models[J].Journal of Parallel & Distributed Computing,2018,118:120-127.
2 宋琳琳,李海涛.近二十年来网络用户心智模型研究综述[J].大学图书情报学刊,2016,34(2):100-112.
3,25,33 甘利人,白晨,朱宪辰.信息用户检索决策中的心智模型分析[J].情报学报,2010,29(4) :641-651.
4,11 Darabi A,Hemphill J,Nelson D W,et al.Mental Model Progression in Learning the Electron Transport Chain:Effects of Instructional Strategies and Cognitive Flexibility[J].Advances in Health Sciences Education,2010,15(4):479-489.
5 Spiro R J,Coulson R L,Feltovich P J,et al.Cognitive Flexibility Theory:Advanced Knowledge Acquisition in Ill-Structured Domains [C]//Tenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.Hillsdale,NJ:Erlbaum,1988:375-383.
6 A?c? H B,Tan F Z,Alt?nta? F.A Strategic Approach for Learning Organizations:Mental Models[C]//12th International Strategic Management Conference.Antalya,Turkey,2016.
7,9 Seel N M.Educational Diagnosis of Mental Models:Assessment Problems and Technology-Based Solutions[J].Journal of Structural Learning and Intelligent Systems,1999,14(2),153-185.
8,10,12 甘利人,史飞,吴鹏.不同强度干预下检索方法学习中的用户心智模型动态变化研究:以大学生为例[J].情报学报,2012(6):662-672.
13 曹凌,耿鹏.政府网站用户引导模式的实证分析[J].情报科学,2012,30(2):216-220,231.
14 孔维广.网站引导页界面设计研究[D].石家庄:河北科技大学,2014.
16 Martin M M,Anderson C M.The Cognitive Flexibility Scale:Three Validity Studies[J].Communication Reports,1998,11(1):1-9.
17 Ionescu T.Exploring the Nature of Cognitive Flexibility[J].New Ideas in Psychology,2012,30(2):190-200.
18,38 程素萍,王婷婷.认知灵活性理论及其对教学实践的启示[J].天津师范大学学报(基础教育版),2011,12(1):14-18.
19 刘思麟.基于认知灵活理论的高中化学概念教学策略研究[D].延边:延边大学,2017.
20,23 Laureiro-Martínez D,Brusoni S.Cognitive Flexibility and Adaptive Decision-Making:Evidence from a Laboratory Study of Expert Decision Makers[J].Strategic Management Journal,2018,39(4):1031-1058.
21 Martin M M,Rubin R B.A New Measure of Cognitive Flexibility[J].Psychological Reports,2011,76(2):623-626.
22,36 Dennis J P,Vander Wal J S.The Cognitive Flexibility Inventory:Instrument Development and Estimates of Reliability and Validity[J].Cognitive Therapy & Research,2010,34(3):241-253.
24,34,35 王阳,杨燕,肖婉婷,等.认知灵活性问卷中文版测评大学生样本的效度和信度[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2016,30(1):58-63.
26 Lin X,Bai X,Hao J.Effectiveness of Mental Model-Based Training for Complex System Operators:A Quasi-Experimental Study[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Service System.Bangkok,Thailand,2014.
27 韩正彪,韩正芝.文献数据库用户心智模型演进驱动因素结构测量研究[J].图书情报工作,2017,61(15):111-119.
28 韩正彪.综合性文献数据库大学生用户心智模型影响因素及效用分析:以CNKI 为例[J].图书情报工作,2014,58(21):81-91.
29 Heinrich,William F .Toward Ideal Enacted Mental Models of Learning Outcomes Assessment in Higher Education[J].Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education,2017,9(4):490-508.
30 张云清.不同动机强度的趋近积极情绪对认知灵活性的影响:任务难度的调节作用[D].福州:福建师范大学,2015.
31 Ay?em Seda ?nen,Canan Ko?ak.The Effect of Cognitive Flexibility on Higher School Students’ Study Strategies[J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2015,191:2346-2350.
32 Zhang Y.The Development of Users’ Mental Models of MedlinePlus in Information Searching[J].Library & Information Science Research,2013,35(2):159-170.
37 Wong I K A ,Dioko L A N .Understanding the Mediated Moderating Role of Customer Expectations in the Customer Satisfaction Model:The Case of Casinos[J].Tourism Management,2013,36(3):188-199.
39,40 Kanjug I ,Chaijaroen S .The Design of Web-based Learning Environments Enhancing Mental Model Construction[J].Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,2012,46:3134-3140.
41 Eijkhout V.Teaching Distributed Memory Programming from Mental Models[J].Journal of Parallel & Distributed Computing,2018,118:120-127.