面向游客出行需求的景区道路功能等级体系
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摘要
为了建立中国景区道路功能等级体系,以国内外公路功能等级体系为参考,深入分析景区道路功能分类的原因,阐明景区道路功能的本质。针对景区道路交通特性、景点吸引度和游客需求,分析游客对景区道路功能的需求,提出面向游客出行需求的景区道路功能分类法,将景区道路功能分为景区直通线、景区疏通线、景区连通线3类。分析景区道路等级的影响因素,提取等级划分指标。以单日高峰游客接待量为指标,将景区道路划分为景区直通线Ⅰ级、景区直通线Ⅱ级、景区疏通线Ⅰ级、景区疏通线Ⅱ级、景区连通线5个等级,并确定了道路等级、单日高峰游客接待量和观光车限速之间的关系。研究结果表明:景区直通线Ⅰ、Ⅱ级道路对应的单日高峰游客接待量分别为大于8万人和3.5万～8万人,设计速度分别为60、50 km/h;景区疏通线Ⅰ、Ⅱ级道路对应的单日高峰游客接待量分别为大于6万人和1万～6万人,设计速度分别为40、30 km/h;景区连通线对应的单日高峰游客接待量为小于3.5万人,设计速度为20 km/h。面向游客出行需求的景区道路功能等级体系可为景区道路规划提供重要参考。
In order to establish the functional classification system of scenic area road in China, the reasons of road functional classification and the nature of road function in scenic area were analyzed deeply, based on the reference of highway functional classification system in domestic and abroad. Focusing on traffic characteristics, scenic attraction and tourists demand, the demand of tourists for scenic road function was analyzed. Scenic area road functional classification system based on tourist travel demand was proposed, and scenic area road function was classified into three categories including scenic directional route, scenic distribution route and scenic connecting route. The influencing factors of scenic area road functional classification were analyzed, and the classification index was selected. Taking daily peak tourist reception as an index, scenic area road was classified into five classes including scenic directional route class Ⅰ, scenic directional route class Ⅱ, scenic distribution route class Ⅰ, scenic distribution route class Ⅱ and scenic connecting route.Meanwhile, the relationship among route class, daily peak tourist reception and the speed limit of sightseeing vehicles was established. The results show that the numbers of daily peak tourist reception of scenic directional route classes Ⅰ and Ⅱ are greater than 8×10~4 and 3.5×10~4～8×10~4 people, and the design speeds are 60 and 50 km/h respectively. The numbers of daily peak tourist reception of scenic distribution route classes Ⅰ and Ⅱ are greater than 6×10~4 and 1×10~4～6×10~4 people, and the design speeds are 40 and 30 km/h respectively. The number of daily peak tourist reception of scenic connecting route is less than 3.5×10~4 people, and the design speed is 20 km/h. The scenic area road functional classification system based on tourist travel demand can provide the important reference to scenic area road planning. 7 tabs, 1 fig, 23 refs.
In order to establish the functional classification system of scenic area road in China, the reasons of road functional classification and the nature of road function in scenic area were analyzed deeply, based on the reference of highway functional classification system in domestic and abroad. Focusing on traffic characteristics, scenic attraction and tourists demand, the demand of tourists for scenic road function was analyzed. Scenic area road functional classification system based on tourist travel demand was proposed, and scenic area road function was classified into three categories including scenic directional route, scenic distribution route and scenic connecting route. The influencing factors of scenic area road functional classification were analyzed, and the classification index was selected. Taking daily peak tourist reception as an index, scenic area road was classified into five classes including scenic directional route class Ⅰ, scenic directional route class Ⅱ, scenic distribution route class Ⅰ, scenic distribution route class Ⅱ and scenic connecting route.Meanwhile, the relationship among route class, daily peak tourist reception and the speed limit of sightseeing vehicles was established. The results show that the numbers of daily peak tourist reception of scenic directional route classes Ⅰ and Ⅱ are greater than 8×10~4 and 3.5×10~4～8×10~4 people, and the design speeds are 60 and 50 km/h respectively. The numbers of daily peak tourist reception of scenic distribution route classes Ⅰ and Ⅱ are greater than 6×10~4 and 1×10~4～6×10~4 people, and the design speeds are 40 and 30 km/h respectively. The number of daily peak tourist reception of scenic connecting route is less than 3.5×10~4 people, and the design speed is 20 km/h. The scenic area road functional classification system based on tourist travel demand can provide the important reference to scenic area road planning. 7 tabs, 1 fig, 23 refs.
引文
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[19] 王军锋.道路景观评价指标体系研究[D].西安:长安大学,2005.WANG Jun-feng.Research on the indicator set of road landscape evaluation[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2005.
[20] 薛峰.城市道路相关设施设计要则研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2003.XUE Feng.Study on important point of landscape design of relevant facilities in urban road[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2003.
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[23] BHAYA A,KASZKUREWICZ E.Steepest descent with momentum for quadratic functions is a version of the conjugate gradient method[J].Neural Networks,2004,17(1):65-71.
[2] HERRSTEDT L,KJEMTRUP K,BORGES P,et al.An improved traffic environment,a catalogue of ideas[M].Roskilde:Danish Road Institute,1993.
[3] National Park Service of United States.Park road standards 1968[M].Los Angeles:University of California Libraries,1968.
[4] National Park Service of United States.Park road standards 1984[M].Los Angeles:University of California Libraries,1984.
[5] DAVIS T,CROTEAUT A,MARSTONC H.Documenting America's national park roads and parkways[M].Washington DC:Johns Hopkins University Press,2004.
[6] National Park Service,Interior.Denali Park road final vehicle management plan and EIS[R].Ventura:National Park Service,Interior,2012.
[7] HALLO J C,MANNING R E.Analysis of the social carrying capacity of a national park scenic road[J].International Journal of Sustainable Transportation,2010,4(2):75-94.
[8] WEI J H,WANG E D.An evaluation method of tourism carrying capacity based on visitor experience utility[J].Tourism Tribune,2015,30(4):105-114.
[9] WANG E D,WEI J H,LU H Y.Valuing natural and non-natural attributes for a national forest park using a choice experiment method[J].Tourism Economics,2014,20(6):1199-1213.
[10] BRIGANTI C M,HOEL L A.Transportation system design and information requirements for travel and tourism needs on scenic byways[R].Charlottesville:Virginia Transportation Research Council,1994.
[11] 刘世栋,高峻.岛屿型旅游目的地旅游环境承载力研究——以上海崇明岛为例[J].陕西师范大学学报:自然科学版,2014,42(3):85-90.LIU Shi-dong,GAO Jun.Research on tourism environmental carrying capacity of island tourist destination-A case study of Shanghai Chongming Island[J].Journal of Shaanxi Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2014,42(3):85-90.
[12] Idaho Department of Commerce-Tourism Development.Snake River canyon scenic byway[R].Boise:Idaho Department of Commerce-Tourism Development,2009.
[13] GREIBE P,NILSSON P.Speed management,national practice and experience in Denmark,the Netherlands and in the United Kingdom[R].Copenhagen:Danish Road Directorate,1999.
[14] JIM B,JOHN G,RAY K,et al.Geometric design practices for European roads[R].Washington DC:Federal Highway Administration,2001.
[15] 王建军,严宝杰,陈宽民.公路建设项目景观分析评价[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2004,24(6):47-50.WANG Jian-jun,YAN Bao-jie,CHEN Kuan-min.Analysis and evaluation on highway landscaping[J].Journal of Chang'an University:Natural Science Edition,2004,24(6):47-50.
[16] 刘滨谊,王敏.城市道路景观规划设计的系统整合[J].新建筑,2005(2):6-9.LIU Bin-yi,WANG Min.Study on the systematic integration in landscape planning and design of urban road[J].New Architecture,2005(2):6-9.
[17] 李昆仑.层次分析法在城市道路景观评价中的运用[J].武汉大学学报:工学版,2005,38(1):143-148.LI Kun-lun.Using analytic hierarchy process in urban road landscape evaluation[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2005,38(1):143-148.
[18] 刘昶,胡昂.旅游景区道路景观综合评价体系研究——以成都市三圣花乡旅游景区道路景观为例[J].四川建筑科学研究,2014,40(1):290-293.LIU Chang,HU Ang.Study on the comprehensive evaluation system of road landscape in tourist attractions—A case study of the road landscape in San-shenghua township tourist attractions in Chengdu[J].Sichuan Building Science,2014,40(1):290-293.
[19] 王军锋.道路景观评价指标体系研究[D].西安:长安大学,2005.WANG Jun-feng.Research on the indicator set of road landscape evaluation[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2005.
[20] 薛峰.城市道路相关设施设计要则研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2003.XUE Feng.Study on important point of landscape design of relevant facilities in urban road[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2003.
[21] American Association of State.A policy on geometric design of highways and streets[M].Washington DC:Highway and Transportation Officials,2011.
[22] 周政.BP神经网络的发展现状综述[J].山西电子技术,2008(2):90-92.ZHOU Zheng.Survey of current progress in BP neural network[J].Shanxi Electronic Technology,2008(2):90-92.
[23] BHAYA A,KASZKUREWICZ E.Steepest descent with momentum for quadratic functions is a version of the conjugate gradient method[J].Neural Networks,2004,17(1):65-71.