应用空间点格局分析方法研究阔叶树对毛竹生物量的影响
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摘要
[目的]检验阔叶树是否会对临近毛竹生物量的空间分布具有显著性影响。[方法]调查江苏南京紫金山一块30 m×30 m的毛竹林地,根据毛竹胸径大小划分出案例组(胸径最大的前1/4部分)和对照组(余下部分),使用空间点格局分析方法探索案例组的空间分布类型;同时,调查样地内胸径超过5 cm阔叶树的种类和数量,将其视作点源,使用点源模型分析它们对案例组的空间分布是否具有显著性影响,并估算阔叶树的影响距离范围。[结果]在给定的距离尺度内(0~8 m),案例组毛竹呈现出泊松随机分布,样地内阔叶树有朴树和榔榆2种,每种各2棵,发现榔榆对大胸径毛竹(即案例组)的空间分布具有显著性影响,而距离样地中心较近的榔榆对案例组影响程度(P<0.01)强于靠近样地边缘的榔榆(0.01 [Objective]To test whether there is a significant effect of broad-leaved trees on the spatial distribution of moso bamboo's biomass,[Method]A 30 m × 30 m quadrat of moso bamboo forest with sparse broad-leaved trees was investigated. The diameter of breast height( DBH) for every bamboo was measured and its spatial location was recorded in the two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. The DBHs of bamboo were sorted in a decreasing order into two groups: the first quartile of bamboo in this sequence were defined as cases,and the remaining bamboo were defined as controls. The point pattern analysis method was used to explore the spatial distribution pattern of cases on the background of controls,and the point-source modelling was used to examine of the effect of broad-leaved trees with DBH > 5 cm in the study region on the cases. [Result] At all given distance scales from 0 to 8 m,cases exhibit a Poisson random distribution. There were two species of broad-leaved trees( Celtis sinensis Pers. and Ulmus parvifolia Jacq) in the study region,each with two individuals. We found that U. parvifolia could significantly affect the spatial distributions of cases,whereas C. sinensis had no significant influence on them. The individual of U.parvifolia near to the center of the quadrat had stronger influence( P < 0. 01) than that near to the edge of the quadrat( 0. 01 < P <0. 05). The strongest influence of U. parvifolia occured in the distances 0 to 6. 1 m from the point source,and the farmost influence distance slightly went far beyond 15 m. [Conclusion]Although broad-leaved tree( s) can significantly affect the spatial distribution of moso bamboo's biomass,not all tree species have such a significant effect. It indicates that in the future practical forest management for the mixture operation between broad-leaved trees and moso bamboo we need reasonably arrange species,quantity and pattern of broad-leaved trees in moso bamboo forests.
引文
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[16]秦鹏,顾琪,王舒悰,等.四种地被竹中大个体空间分布的点格局分析[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),接收稿.
[17]王舒悰.不同光照强度对翠竹生长的研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2017.
[18]程小飞,刘国华,黄伟量,等.上阔下竹复合经营模式对毛竹林生产力的影响[J].安徽林业科技,2015,41(6):38-42.
[19]顾琪,程小飞,黄伟量,等.上阔下竹混交经营对毛竹生产力的影响[J].竹子研究汇刊,2015,34(3):30-34.
[2]周芳纯.竹林培育学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1998.
[3]程小飞.上阔下竹复合生态系统类型划分的研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2015.
[4]LIU G H,SHI P J,XU Q,et al.Does the size-density relationship developed for bamboo species conform to the self-thinning rule?[J].Forest ecology and management,2016,361:339-345.
[5]CAO K F,YANG S J,ZHANG Y J,et al.The maximum height of grasses is determined by roots[J].Ecology letters,2012,15(7):666-672.
[6]CHENG X F,SHI P J,HUI C,et al.An optimal proportion of mixing broadleaved forest for enhancing the effective productivity of moso bamboo[J].Ecology and evolution,2015,5(8):1576-1584.
[7]陈霜霜,秦鹏,顾琪,等.景观交错对毛竹林生物量的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(4):95-100.
[8]FORD E D.Scientific method for ecological research[M].Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,2000.
[9]DIGGLE P J,ROWLINGSON B S.A conditional approach to point process modelling of elevated risk[J].Journal of Royal Statistical Society:Series A,1994,157(3):433-440.
[10]DIGGLE P J.A point process modelling approach to raised incidence of a rare phenomenon in the vicinity of a pre-specified point[J].Journal of Royal Statistical Society:Series A,1990,153(3):349-362.
[11]GATRELL A C,BAILEY T C,DIGGLE P J,et al.Spatial point pattern analysis and its application in geographical epidemiology[J].Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers,1996,21(1):256-274.
[12]薛毅,陈立萍.统计建模与R软件[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.
[13]Diggle P J,Chetwynd A G.Second-order analysis of spatial clustering for inhomogeneous populations[J].Biometrics,1991,47(3):1155-1163.
[14]The R Development Core Team.R:A language and environment for statistical computing[M].Vienna,Austria:R Foundation for Statistical Computing,2015.
[15]时培建,郭世权,杨清培,等.毛竹的异质性空间点格局分析[J].生态学报,2010,30(16):4401-4407.
[16]秦鹏,顾琪,王舒悰,等.四种地被竹中大个体空间分布的点格局分析[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),接收稿.
[17]王舒悰.不同光照强度对翠竹生长的研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2017.
[18]程小飞,刘国华,黄伟量,等.上阔下竹复合经营模式对毛竹林生产力的影响[J].安徽林业科技,2015,41(6):38-42.
[19]顾琪,程小飞,黄伟量,等.上阔下竹混交经营对毛竹生产力的影响[J].竹子研究汇刊,2015,34(3):30-34.