支持空间数据的跨媒介电子文档研究
|
摘要
针对GIS与电子文档结合技术受到越来越多的重视,但是空间数据的表达在电子文档中受到约束的问题,该文在分析对比现有电子文档中空间数据的组织方式的基础上,设计了地理坐标数据、矢量数据和属性数据的组织方法及其表达方式,并采用直接编写编码文件的方式对传统电子文档结构进行了改进,将地图作为电子文档结构中的一部分,实现了空间数据在电子媒介、印刷媒介和网络媒介中的动态地显示和统一表达,为应急测绘、地理国情普查、领导用图等专题应用提供有力的技术支撑。最后以PDF为例,通过实验设计了支持空间数据的跨媒介电子文档——MapPDF,证明了该研究的可行性和有效性。
With the extensive application of geographic information,the combination of GIS and electronic documents has received more and more attention.Electronic documents,as an important method of information transmission,have characteristics such as ease of use,portability,and readability,but the expression of spatial data is constrained in electronic documents.Therefore,aiming at this problem,based on the analysis and comparison of the spatial data organization in the existing electronic documents,this paper designesd the method of organizing geographical coordinates data,vector data and attribute data and their expressions and adopted the method of directly coding files to improve the structure of traditional electronic documents.Maps are used as part of the electronic document structure to realize the dynamic display and unified expression of spatial data in electronic media,print media and network media.It can provide strong technical support for special applications such as emergency surveying and mapping,geographic national surveys,and leadership plans.In the end,this paper used PDF as an example to design the MapPDF,a cross-media electronic document that supports spatial data,was experimentally developed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the research.
With the extensive application of geographic information,the combination of GIS and electronic documents has received more and more attention.Electronic documents,as an important method of information transmission,have characteristics such as ease of use,portability,and readability,but the expression of spatial data is constrained in electronic documents.Therefore,aiming at this problem,based on the analysis and comparison of the spatial data organization in the existing electronic documents,this paper designesd the method of organizing geographical coordinates data,vector data and attribute data and their expressions and adopted the method of directly coding files to improve the structure of traditional electronic documents.Maps are used as part of the electronic document structure to realize the dynamic display and unified expression of spatial data in electronic media,print media and network media.It can provide strong technical support for special applications such as emergency surveying and mapping,geographic national surveys,and leadership plans.In the end,this paper used PDF as an example to design the MapPDF,a cross-media electronic document that supports spatial data,was experimentally developed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the research.
引文
[1]周伟强,成毅,郭建忠,等.基于网络地图服务的MSOffice地图插件设计与实现[J].测绘科学技术学报,2016,33(2):215-220.(ZHOU Weiqiang,CHENG Yi,GUO Jianzhong,et al.Design and implementation ofMS Office map plug-in based on WMS[J].Journal ofGeomatics Science and Technology,2016,33(2):215-220.)
[2]赵飞,杜清运.现代专题地图制图研究进展与趋势分析[J].测绘科学,2016,41(1):80-84.(ZHAO Fei,DUQingyun.Analysis on development and trend ofmodern thematic cartography[J].Science of Surveyingand Mapping,2016,41(1):80-84.)
[3]高积粮.GIS与办公软件的无缝结合关键技术研究[D].北京:中国科学院遥感技术研究所,2004:23-26.(GAO Jiliang.A research on technology of integratingseamlessly GIS with OA software[D].Beijing:Instituteof Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy ofSciences,2004:23-26.)
[4]ALLORD G J,FISHBURN K A,WALTER J L.Standard for the US geological survey historicaltopographic map collection[Z].US Geological Survey,2014.
[5]桑银邦,王成良.XML数据交换在Office二次开发中的应用[J].计算机工程,2010,22:78-80.(SANGYinbang,WANG Chengliang.Application of XML dataexchange in office redevelopment[J].ComputerEngineering,2010,22:78-80.)
[6]董键.基于数字水印技术的电子文档打印系统的设计与实现[D].上海:华东理工大学,2017.(DONG Jian.Design and implementation of electronic documentprinting system based on digital watermarkingtechnology[D].Shanghai:East China University ofScience and Technology,2017.)
[7]胡浩杰.地理PDF地图制图关键技术研究[D].郑州:信息工程大学,2011.(HU Haojie.Research on criticaltechnique of geo PDF map cartography[D].Zhengzhou:Information Engineering University,2011.)
[8]杨琪.GeoPDF地图浏览系统的设计与实现[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2014.(YANG Qi.Design andimplementation of a GeoPDF map browsing system[D].Xi’an:Xidian University,2014.)
[9]车森.空间数据跨媒介可视化输出研究[D].郑州:信息工程大学,2010.(CHE Sen.Research on multi-mediumsvisualized outputting of spatial data[D].Zhengzhou:Information Engineering University,2010.)
[10]汶建龙,杨春成,符浩军,等.一种地图跨媒介出版数据模型[J].测绘学报,2015,44(8):936-942.(WENJianlong,YANG Chuncheng,FU Haojun,et al.Thecross-media publishing data model of map[J].ActaGeodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2015,44(8):936-942.)
[11]汶建龙,史瑞芝,王羽,等.利用PDF结构实现多源GIS数据的整合与优化[J].测绘科学,2008(s1):268-269.(WEN Jianlong,SHI Ruizhi,WANG Yu,et al.Realizing different GIS data’s unification and optimiza-tion using PDF structure[J].Science of Surveying andMapping,2008(s1):268-269.)
[12]吴明光.跨媒介的地图色域映射方法研究[J].测绘学报,2012,41(2):291-297.(WU Mingguang.Cross MediaMap Gamut Mapping Method[J].Acta Geodaetica etCartographica Sinica,2012,41(2):291-297.)
[13]艾廷华,成建国.对空间数据多尺度表达有关问题的思考[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2005,30(5):377-382.(AI Tinghua,CHENG Jianguo.Key Issues ofMulti scale representation of spatial data[J].Geomaticsand Information Science of Wuhan University,2005,30(5):377-382.)
[14]CERVANTES D.Using GIS to create an interactiveGeoPDF mapbook for the Big Island of Hawaii[Z].[S.l.:s.n.],2009.
[15]CAPUTO R G.The GeoPDF proect:creating maps forthe non-mapper[J].Engineer,2010,40(1):36-37.
[16]TRAUTMANN N M,MAKINSTER J G,BATEK M.What lives where &why?understanding biodiversitythrough geospatial exploration[J].The AmericanBiology Teacher,2013,75(7):462-467.
[17]COOLEY M J,DAVIS L R,FISHBURN K A,et al.US Topo product standard[Z].US GeologicalSurvey,2011.
[2]赵飞,杜清运.现代专题地图制图研究进展与趋势分析[J].测绘科学,2016,41(1):80-84.(ZHAO Fei,DUQingyun.Analysis on development and trend ofmodern thematic cartography[J].Science of Surveyingand Mapping,2016,41(1):80-84.)
[3]高积粮.GIS与办公软件的无缝结合关键技术研究[D].北京:中国科学院遥感技术研究所,2004:23-26.(GAO Jiliang.A research on technology of integratingseamlessly GIS with OA software[D].Beijing:Instituteof Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy ofSciences,2004:23-26.)
[4]ALLORD G J,FISHBURN K A,WALTER J L.Standard for the US geological survey historicaltopographic map collection[Z].US Geological Survey,2014.
[5]桑银邦,王成良.XML数据交换在Office二次开发中的应用[J].计算机工程,2010,22:78-80.(SANGYinbang,WANG Chengliang.Application of XML dataexchange in office redevelopment[J].ComputerEngineering,2010,22:78-80.)
[6]董键.基于数字水印技术的电子文档打印系统的设计与实现[D].上海:华东理工大学,2017.(DONG Jian.Design and implementation of electronic documentprinting system based on digital watermarkingtechnology[D].Shanghai:East China University ofScience and Technology,2017.)
[7]胡浩杰.地理PDF地图制图关键技术研究[D].郑州:信息工程大学,2011.(HU Haojie.Research on criticaltechnique of geo PDF map cartography[D].Zhengzhou:Information Engineering University,2011.)
[8]杨琪.GeoPDF地图浏览系统的设计与实现[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2014.(YANG Qi.Design andimplementation of a GeoPDF map browsing system[D].Xi’an:Xidian University,2014.)
[9]车森.空间数据跨媒介可视化输出研究[D].郑州:信息工程大学,2010.(CHE Sen.Research on multi-mediumsvisualized outputting of spatial data[D].Zhengzhou:Information Engineering University,2010.)
[10]汶建龙,杨春成,符浩军,等.一种地图跨媒介出版数据模型[J].测绘学报,2015,44(8):936-942.(WENJianlong,YANG Chuncheng,FU Haojun,et al.Thecross-media publishing data model of map[J].ActaGeodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2015,44(8):936-942.)
[11]汶建龙,史瑞芝,王羽,等.利用PDF结构实现多源GIS数据的整合与优化[J].测绘科学,2008(s1):268-269.(WEN Jianlong,SHI Ruizhi,WANG Yu,et al.Realizing different GIS data’s unification and optimiza-tion using PDF structure[J].Science of Surveying andMapping,2008(s1):268-269.)
[12]吴明光.跨媒介的地图色域映射方法研究[J].测绘学报,2012,41(2):291-297.(WU Mingguang.Cross MediaMap Gamut Mapping Method[J].Acta Geodaetica etCartographica Sinica,2012,41(2):291-297.)
[13]艾廷华,成建国.对空间数据多尺度表达有关问题的思考[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2005,30(5):377-382.(AI Tinghua,CHENG Jianguo.Key Issues ofMulti scale representation of spatial data[J].Geomaticsand Information Science of Wuhan University,2005,30(5):377-382.)
[14]CERVANTES D.Using GIS to create an interactiveGeoPDF mapbook for the Big Island of Hawaii[Z].[S.l.:s.n.],2009.
[15]CAPUTO R G.The GeoPDF proect:creating maps forthe non-mapper[J].Engineer,2010,40(1):36-37.
[16]TRAUTMANN N M,MAKINSTER J G,BATEK M.What lives where &why?understanding biodiversitythrough geospatial exploration[J].The AmericanBiology Teacher,2013,75(7):462-467.
[17]COOLEY M J,DAVIS L R,FISHBURN K A,et al.US Topo product standard[Z].US GeologicalSurvey,2011.