中国旅游业环境效率评价及空间差异的收敛性研究
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摘要
利用DEA模型构建旅游业环境效率评价模型,测算2001-2015年中国30个省区的旅游业环境效率,并运用变异系数和面板数据估计模型,分别对全国以及东、中、西部环境效率空间差异的收敛性及其影响因素进行分析。结果表明:中国旅游业环境效率明显提升,呈现出东高西低的空间格局;全国旅游业环境效率的空间差异既存在绝对收敛也存在条件收敛特征;东部地区也表现出与全国尺度相似的收敛特征;中部地区不存在绝对收敛,但存在显著的条件收敛;而西部地区既不存在绝对收敛也不存在条件收敛;旅游专业化水平、城市化水平和人均旅游消费与旅游业环境效率存在显著正向关系;游客规模与旅游业环境效率之间存在显著负向关系。
The model of environmental efficiency evaluation of tourism industry is constructed by using data envelopment analysis(DEA) and the environmental efficiency of tourism industry in 30 provinces in China from 2001 to 2015 is estimated. By using the variance coefficient and panel data estimation model, the convergence of the spatial differences of environmental efficiency in the whole country, the East, the middle and the west, and the influencing factors are analyzed respectively. The result shows that, The environmental efficiency of China's tourism industry has improved significantly, showed"high in the east and low in the west"spatial pattern. The spatial difference of environmental efficiency in China's tourism industry has the absolute convergence are conditional convergence characteristics,The eastern region also showed similar characteristics with the national scale convergence; absolute convergence does not exist in the central region, but there is a significant conditional convergence, environmental efficiency will converge over time to a steady-state level. However, there is neither absolute convergence nor conditional convergence in the western region.There is a significant positive relationship between tourism specialization level, urbanization level and per capita tourism consumption and environmental efficiency of tourism industry. There is a significant negative relationship between tourist size and environmental efficiency of tourism.
The model of environmental efficiency evaluation of tourism industry is constructed by using data envelopment analysis(DEA) and the environmental efficiency of tourism industry in 30 provinces in China from 2001 to 2015 is estimated. By using the variance coefficient and panel data estimation model, the convergence of the spatial differences of environmental efficiency in the whole country, the East, the middle and the west, and the influencing factors are analyzed respectively. The result shows that, The environmental efficiency of China's tourism industry has improved significantly, showed"high in the east and low in the west"spatial pattern. The spatial difference of environmental efficiency in China's tourism industry has the absolute convergence are conditional convergence characteristics,The eastern region also showed similar characteristics with the national scale convergence; absolute convergence does not exist in the central region, but there is a significant conditional convergence, environmental efficiency will converge over time to a steady-state level. However, there is neither absolute convergence nor conditional convergence in the western region.There is a significant positive relationship between tourism specialization level, urbanization level and per capita tourism consumption and environmental efficiency of tourism industry. There is a significant negative relationship between tourist size and environmental efficiency of tourism.
引文
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[29]王佳,薛景洁.旅游交通碳排放测算及影响因素分析[J].统计与决策,2016,31(13):61-64.
[30]周婷婷,邵海琴,王凯.中国旅游业碳生产率区域差异及影响因素分析[J].云南地理环境研究,2016,28(5):20-27.
[2]查建平,王挺之,冯宇.低碳经济背景下中国旅游产业发展模式研究[J].资源科学,2015,37(3):565-572.
[3]张子龙,薛冰,陈兴鹏,等.中国工业环境效率及其空间差异的收敛性[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(2):30-38.
[4]Tyteca D.On the measurement of the environmental performance of firms-A literature review and a productive efficiency perspective[J].Journal of Environmental Management,1996,46(3):281-308.
[5]Kuosmanen T,Kortelainen M.Measuring eco-efficiency of production with data envelopment analysis[J].Journal of Industrial Ecology,2005,9(4):59-72.
[6]Kerr W,Ryan C.Eco-efficiency gains from remanufacturing:Acase study of photocopier remanufacturing at Fuji Xerox Australia[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2001,9(1):75-81.
[7]Aldanondo-Ochoa AM,Casasnovas-Oliva VL,Arandia-Miura A.Environmental efficiency and the impact of regulation in dryland organic vine production[J].Land Use Policy,2014,36(1):275-284.
[8]Zaim O,Taskin F.Environmental efficiency in carbon dioxide emissions in the OECD:A non-parametric approach[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2000,58(2):95-107.
[9]Burritt R L,Saka C.Environmental management accounting applications and eco-efficiency:Case studies from Japan[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2006,14(14):1262-1275.
[10]Charles C R,Michael J G.Eco-efficiency analysis of an agricultural research complex[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2003,68(3):219-229.
[11]Hailu A,Veeman T S.Non-parametric productivity analysis with undesirable outputs:An application to the Canadian pulp and paper industry[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2001,83(3):605-616.
[12]Domazlicky B R,Weber W L.Does environmental protection lead to slower productivity growth in the chemical industry[J].Environmental and Resource Economics,2004,28(3):301-324.
[13]盖美,连冬,田成诗,等.辽宁省环境效率及其时空分异[J].地理研究,2014,33(12):2345-2357.
[14]佟连军,宋亚楠,韩瑞玲.辽宁沿海经济带工业环境效率分析[J].地理科学,2012,32(3):294-300.
[15]王成金,杨威,许旭.工业经济发展的资源环境效率评价方法与实证:以广东和广西为例[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(1):97-109.
[16]施晓清,李笑诺,赵吝加,等.武汉市造纸行业资源代谢分析[J].生态学报,2012,32(24):7706-7715.
[17]袁鹏,程施.中国工业环境效率的库兹涅茨曲线检验[J].中国工业经济,2011,27(2):79-88.
[18]李博,张文忠,余建辉.碳排放约束下的中国农业生产效率地区差异分解与影响因素[J].经济地理,2016,36(9):150-157.
[19]田伟,杨璐嘉,姜静.低碳视角下中国农业环境效率的测算与分析---基于非期望产出的SBM模型[J].中国农村观察,2014,(5):59-71+95.
[20]Kuo N,Chen P.Quantifying energy use,carbon dioxide emission,and other environmental loads from island tourism based on a life cycle assessment approach[J].Journal Production,2009,(17):1324-1330.
[21]王凯,李娟,席建超.中国旅游经济增长与碳排放的耦合关系研究[J].旅游学刊,2014,29(6):24-33.
[22]魏艳旭,孙根年,马丽君,等.中国旅游交通碳排放及地区差异的初步估算[J].陕西师范大学学报:自然科学版,2012,40(2):76-84.
[23]石培华,吴普.中国旅游业能源消耗与CO2排放的初步估算[J].地理学报,2011,66(2):235-243.
[24]Schmidheiny S.Changing course:a global business perspective on development and the environment[M].Cambridge:MIT Press:1992.
[25]王俊能,许振成,胡习邦,等.基于DEA理论的中国区域环境效率分析[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(04):565-570.
[26]尹科,王如松,周传斌,等.国内外生态效率核算方法及其应用研究述评[J].生态学报,2012,32(11):3595-3605.
[27]XAVIER.The classical approach to convergence analysis[J].Economic Journal,1996,106(437):1019-1036.
[28]孙欣,赵鑫,宋马林.长江经济带生态效率评价及收敛性分析[J].华南农业大学学报:社会科学版,2016,15(5):1-10.
[29]王佳,薛景洁.旅游交通碳排放测算及影响因素分析[J].统计与决策,2016,31(13):61-64.
[30]周婷婷,邵海琴,王凯.中国旅游业碳生产率区域差异及影响因素分析[J].云南地理环境研究,2016,28(5):20-27.
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