基于三维盒维值算法的城市空间形态分形研究
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摘要
为提高城市空间利用和配置效率,城市三维有机增长特征日益受到重视。采用三维盒算法测度郑州市主城区三维空间形态分维值,并对比分析城市空间二维、三维分形特征,进而探析城市功能空间配置结构。结果表明:(1)郑州城市空间形态具有分形特性,但不同维度下分形结构有差异,三维空间分维测度结果更符合实际。(2)郑州市空间分形结构符合城市空间形态分维包容原理,越外围城区建筑布局越合理。越外围城区各功能空间集中性越强。(3)郑州市三维空间盒维值过高,存在城市功能分区待优化、三维景观紊乱、生态负担过重等问题。(4)城市分形结构能判别城市功能集约度、自组织综合结构活跃性,为合理优化城市空间布局提供支撑。
In order to improve the efficiency of urban space utilization and allocation, the threedimensional organic growth characteristics of the city have been paid more and more attention to. The three-dimensional box algorithm is adopted to measure the fractal dimension of three-dimensional spatial form in the main urban area of Zhengzhou, and the two-dimensional and three-dimensional fractal features of urban space are compared and analyzed, so as to explore the configuration structure of urban functional space. The results show that:(1) The urban spatial form of Zhengzhou has fractal characteristics, but the fractal structure is discrepant under different dimensions, and the result of three-dimensional spatial fractal dimension measurement is more practical.(2)The fractal structure of Zhengzhou accords with the fractal inclusiveness principle of urban spatial structure, and the layout of buildings in peripheral urban areas is more reasonable. The more peripheral urban areas, the stronger the concentration of functional space.(3)The three-dimensional space box dimension of Zhengzhou is very high, and there are problems such as urban functional zoning to be optimized, three-dimensional landscape disorder and excessive ecological burden.(4)The fractal structure can distinguish the intensity of urban functions and the activity of self-organized comprehensive structure, providing support for the reasonable optimization of urban spatial layout.
In order to improve the efficiency of urban space utilization and allocation, the threedimensional organic growth characteristics of the city have been paid more and more attention to. The three-dimensional box algorithm is adopted to measure the fractal dimension of three-dimensional spatial form in the main urban area of Zhengzhou, and the two-dimensional and three-dimensional fractal features of urban space are compared and analyzed, so as to explore the configuration structure of urban functional space. The results show that:(1) The urban spatial form of Zhengzhou has fractal characteristics, but the fractal structure is discrepant under different dimensions, and the result of three-dimensional spatial fractal dimension measurement is more practical.(2)The fractal structure of Zhengzhou accords with the fractal inclusiveness principle of urban spatial structure, and the layout of buildings in peripheral urban areas is more reasonable. The more peripheral urban areas, the stronger the concentration of functional space.(3)The three-dimensional space box dimension of Zhengzhou is very high, and there are problems such as urban functional zoning to be optimized, three-dimensional landscape disorder and excessive ecological burden.(4)The fractal structure can distinguish the intensity of urban functions and the activity of self-organized comprehensive structure, providing support for the reasonable optimization of urban spatial layout.
引文
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[25]童明.城市肌理如何激发城市活力[J].城市规划学刊,2014(3):14-14.
[26]王成栋,凌丹,苗强.分形无标度区的一种自动识别方法[J].计算机工程与应用,2012,48(6):9-12.
[27]王雪微,王士君,宋飏,等.长春市城市建设用地演进的空间识别及影响机制研究[J].地理科学,2015,35(7):873-881.
[28]杨俊,国安东,席建超,等.城市三维景观格局时空分异特征研究:以大连市中山区为例[J].地理学报,2017,72(4):646-656.
[29]杨清可,段学军,王磊,等.基于“三生空间”的土地利用转型与生态环境效应:以长江三角洲核心区为例[J].地理科学,2018(1):97-106.
[2] Batty M, Longley M. Fractal Cities:A Geometry of Form and Function[M]. NewYork:Academic Press Professional, Inc, 1996.
[3] Batty M. Building a science of cities[J].Cities,2012,29(4):S9-S16.
[4] Benguigui L, Marinov M, Portugali Y.When and where is a city fractal?[J].Environment&Planning B Planning&Design,2000, 27(4):507-519.
[5] Caruso G, Cavailhès J, Peeters D, et al. Greener and larger neighbourhoods make cities more sustainable! A 2D urbaneconomics perspective[J]. Computers Environment&Urban Systems, 2015, 54:82-94.
[6] Chen Y. A set of formulae on fractal dimension relations and its application to urban form[J]. Chaos Solitons&Fractals,2013, 54(1):150-158.
[7] Chen Y, Feng J. Spatial analysis of cities using Renyi entropy and fractal parameters[J]. Chaos Solitons&Fractals,2017, 105:279-287.
[8] Frankhauser P. The fractal approach:A new tool for the spatial analysis of urban agglomerations[J]. Population An English Selection, 1998,10(1):205-240.
[9] Long Y, Liu X. Automated identification and characterization of parcels(AICP)with open street map and points of interest[J].Environment&Planning B,2015,43(2):498-510.
[10] Mandelbrot B. How long is the coast of britain? Statistical self-similarity and fractional dimension[J].Science,1967,155(3775):636-638.
[11] Oppong R A, Marful A B, Asare E S. Improving urban visibility through fractal analysis of street edges:The case of John Evans Atta Mills High Street in Accra, Ghana[J]. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 2017(6):248-260.
[12] Pili S, Grigoriadis E, Carlucci M, et al. Towards sustainable growth? A multicriteria assessment of(changing)urban forms[J]. Ecological Indicators,2017,76:71-80.
[13] White R, Engelen G. Urban systems dynamics and cellular automata:Fractal structures between order and chaos[J].Chaos Solitons&Fractals,1994,4(4):563-583.
[14]陈彦光,刘明华.城市土地利用结构的熵值定律[J].人文地理,2001,16(4):20-24.
[15]冯健.杭州城市形态和土地利用结构的时空演化[J].地理学报,2003,58(3):343-353.
[16]姜世国,周一星.北京城市形态的分形集聚特征及其实践意义[J].地理研究,2006,25(2):204-212.
[17]龚富华,杨山.开发区快速建设影响下的苏州城市空间形态演化分析[J].现代城市研究,2017(2):47-53.
[18]梁发超,刘诗苑,起晓星.厦门市乡村聚落用地空间演变解析及优化策略[J].经济地理,2017(12):172-179.
[19]刘继生,陈彦光.城镇体系空间结构的分形维数及其测算方法[J].地理研究,1999,18(2):171-178.
[20]刘纪远,刘文超,匡文慧,等.基于主体功能区规划的中国城乡建设用地扩张时空特征遥感分析[J].地理学报,2016,71(3):355-369.
[21]尼科斯·塞灵格勒斯,刘洋.连接分形的城市[J].国际城市规划,2008,23(6):81-92.
[22]潘竟虎,戴维丽.1990-2010年中国主要城市空间形态变化特征[J].经济地理,2015,35(1):44-52.
[23]乔伟峰,刘彦随,王亚华,等.2000年以来南京城市三维空间扩展特征[J].地理研究,2015,34(4):666-676.
[24]秦静,创琳,王洋,等.基于三维计盒法的城市空间形态分维计算和分析[J].地理研究,2015,34(1):85-96.
[25]童明.城市肌理如何激发城市活力[J].城市规划学刊,2014(3):14-14.
[26]王成栋,凌丹,苗强.分形无标度区的一种自动识别方法[J].计算机工程与应用,2012,48(6):9-12.
[27]王雪微,王士君,宋飏,等.长春市城市建设用地演进的空间识别及影响机制研究[J].地理科学,2015,35(7):873-881.
[28]杨俊,国安东,席建超,等.城市三维景观格局时空分异特征研究:以大连市中山区为例[J].地理学报,2017,72(4):646-656.
[29]杨清可,段学军,王磊,等.基于“三生空间”的土地利用转型与生态环境效应:以长江三角洲核心区为例[J].地理科学,2018(1):97-106.