英国乡村规划空间尺度的经验与启示
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摘要
英国拥有完善的城乡规划体系,关于乡村规划空间尺度的研究成果与实践经验非常丰富。文章从英国乡村问题与规划尺度之关系出发,系统梳理了英国乡村规划发展演变的几个阶段和几种类型,总结了英国乡村规划空间尺度的特征,一是乡村问题有多个层次,二是乡村问题的空间尺度决定了规划尺度,三是英国乡村规划已经形成体系。通过分析中英乡村问题的共同特征,得出英国经验对我国乡村规划的参考和启示,建议扩大乡村规划的对象,扩大乡村规划作为区域规划的特征,深入分解乡村问题、制定规划目标,以及依据乡村问题尺度选择合适的规划尺度,以解决目前我国乡村规划的困境。
The United Kingdom has a complete urban and rural planning system and has rich research and practical experience in the spatial scale of rural planning. This article starts by looking at the relationship between the UK rural problem and planning scales, systematically identifying the several types and phases of a special system of rural planning in the UK. It concludes that its features are threefold: Firstly, there are multiple levels of rural issues. Secondly, the special scale of the rural problem determines the planning scale. Thirdly, the rural planning of the UK has formed a system. Through analyzing the common features of the rural issues in China and the UK, we have drawn from the UK experience and applied it to rural planning in China. We propose to expand the objectives of rural planning, emphasize the characteristics of rural planning as a form of regional planning, further de-construct rural issues and establish planning goals, and determine an appropriate planning scale according to the scale of rural issues, in order to solve the rural-planning problems in China.
The United Kingdom has a complete urban and rural planning system and has rich research and practical experience in the spatial scale of rural planning. This article starts by looking at the relationship between the UK rural problem and planning scales, systematically identifying the several types and phases of a special system of rural planning in the UK. It concludes that its features are threefold: Firstly, there are multiple levels of rural issues. Secondly, the special scale of the rural problem determines the planning scale. Thirdly, the rural planning of the UK has formed a system. Through analyzing the common features of the rural issues in China and the UK, we have drawn from the UK experience and applied it to rural planning in China. We propose to expand the objectives of rural planning, emphasize the characteristics of rural planning as a form of regional planning, further de-construct rural issues and establish planning goals, and determine an appropriate planning scale according to the scale of rural issues, in order to solve the rural-planning problems in China.
引文
[1]郐艳丽,刘海燕.我国村镇规划编制现状、存在问题及完善措施探讨[J].规划师,2010(6):69-74.
[2]葛丹东,华晨.城乡统筹发展中的乡村规划新方向[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2010(3):148-155.
[3]朱郁郁,陈燕秋,孙娟,等.县(区)域城乡规划编制方法的探索——以重庆市北碚区城乡分区规划为例[C]//2008中国城市规划年会论文集,2008.
[4]赵之枫.以区域整体发展原则促进乡村建设的持续发展[J].城市发展研究,2002(5):21-25.
[5]霍尔.明日之城[M].童明,译.上海同济大学出版社,2009.
[6]Gallent, N., M. Juntti, et al. Introduction to Rural Planning[M], London and New York:Routledge, 2007.
[7]Abercrombi e, P. Town and Country Planning(3rd edn)[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1959.
[8]Pptter,C. Against the Grain:Agri-Environment Reform in the United States and the European Union[M].Wallingford:CABI,1998.
[9]巴里·卡林沃思,文森特·纳丁.英国城乡规划[M].陈闽齐,周剑云,戚冬瑾,等,译.南京:东南大学出版社,2011.
[10]Travis, A. Pol icy formulation and the planner, in Ashton,J. and Long,W.(eds)The Remoter Rural Areas of Britain[M]. Edinburgh:Oliver and Boyd, 1972.
[11]Gilg,A. Planning in Britain:Understandingand Evaluating the Post-War System[M]. London:Sage Publications, 2005.
[12]Gilg A W. Countryside Planning(Second Edition)[M].London and New York:Routledge, 1996.
[13]Marsden, T. The Condition of Rural Sustainablility[M]. Royal van gorcum, 2003.
[14]闫琳.英国乡村发展历程分析及启发[J].北京规划建设,2010(1):24-29.
[15]杨东峰.重构可持续的空间规划体系——2010年以来英国规划创新与争议[J].城市规划,2016(8):91-99.
[16]Hill, B.Young,N.Alternative Support Systems for Rural Areas[M]. Ashford:Wye College,1989.
[17]Nad in, V. The emergence of the spatial planning approach in England[J]. Planning Practice and Research, 2007(1):57.
[18]仇保兴.我国城镇化中后期的若干挑战与机遇——城市规划变革的新动向[J].城市规划,2010(1):15-23.
[19]Cloke,P., Mooney, P. H. and Marsden, T. The Handbook of Rural Studies[M]. Sage:London, 2006:20-21.
[20]Guy M. Robinson. Conflict and Change in the Countryside[M]. USA:Belhavan Press, 1990.
[21]张小林.乡村概念辨析[J].地理学报,1998(4):365-371.
[22]刘滨谊,陈威.中国乡村景观园林初探[J].城市规划引汇刊,2000(6):66-68.
[23]周游,周剑云.身份制的农民、市场经济与乡村规划[J].城市规划,2017(2):94-101.
[24]周游.广东省乡村规划体系框架的构建研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2016.
[25]房艳刚.乡村规划:管理乡村变化的挑战[J].城市规划,2017(2):85-93.
[26]Leitner, H., Pavlik, C, and Sheppard, E, Networks,Governance. and the Poli tics of Scale:Inter-Urban Networksand the European Union, Chapter 10. in Andrew Herod and Melissa W. Wright(eds)Geographies of Power:Placing Scale[M]. Oxford:Elackwell Publishers, 2008.
[27]Smith, N.. Geography, difference and the pol i tics of scale. In J. Doherty, E. Graham, and M. Malek(eds.),Postmodernism and the Social Sciences[M]. New York:St.Martin's Press, 1992:57-79.
[28]袁奇峰,谭诗敏,李刚,等.空间规划:为何?何为?何去?[J].规划师,2018(7):1-17.
[2]葛丹东,华晨.城乡统筹发展中的乡村规划新方向[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2010(3):148-155.
[3]朱郁郁,陈燕秋,孙娟,等.县(区)域城乡规划编制方法的探索——以重庆市北碚区城乡分区规划为例[C]//2008中国城市规划年会论文集,2008.
[4]赵之枫.以区域整体发展原则促进乡村建设的持续发展[J].城市发展研究,2002(5):21-25.
[5]霍尔.明日之城[M].童明,译.上海同济大学出版社,2009.
[6]Gallent, N., M. Juntti, et al. Introduction to Rural Planning[M], London and New York:Routledge, 2007.
[7]Abercrombi e, P. Town and Country Planning(3rd edn)[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1959.
[8]Pptter,C. Against the Grain:Agri-Environment Reform in the United States and the European Union[M].Wallingford:CABI,1998.
[9]巴里·卡林沃思,文森特·纳丁.英国城乡规划[M].陈闽齐,周剑云,戚冬瑾,等,译.南京:东南大学出版社,2011.
[10]Travis, A. Pol icy formulation and the planner, in Ashton,J. and Long,W.(eds)The Remoter Rural Areas of Britain[M]. Edinburgh:Oliver and Boyd, 1972.
[11]Gilg,A. Planning in Britain:Understandingand Evaluating the Post-War System[M]. London:Sage Publications, 2005.
[12]Gilg A W. Countryside Planning(Second Edition)[M].London and New York:Routledge, 1996.
[13]Marsden, T. The Condition of Rural Sustainablility[M]. Royal van gorcum, 2003.
[14]闫琳.英国乡村发展历程分析及启发[J].北京规划建设,2010(1):24-29.
[15]杨东峰.重构可持续的空间规划体系——2010年以来英国规划创新与争议[J].城市规划,2016(8):91-99.
[16]Hill, B.Young,N.Alternative Support Systems for Rural Areas[M]. Ashford:Wye College,1989.
[17]Nad in, V. The emergence of the spatial planning approach in England[J]. Planning Practice and Research, 2007(1):57.
[18]仇保兴.我国城镇化中后期的若干挑战与机遇——城市规划变革的新动向[J].城市规划,2010(1):15-23.
[19]Cloke,P., Mooney, P. H. and Marsden, T. The Handbook of Rural Studies[M]. Sage:London, 2006:20-21.
[20]Guy M. Robinson. Conflict and Change in the Countryside[M]. USA:Belhavan Press, 1990.
[21]张小林.乡村概念辨析[J].地理学报,1998(4):365-371.
[22]刘滨谊,陈威.中国乡村景观园林初探[J].城市规划引汇刊,2000(6):66-68.
[23]周游,周剑云.身份制的农民、市场经济与乡村规划[J].城市规划,2017(2):94-101.
[24]周游.广东省乡村规划体系框架的构建研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2016.
[25]房艳刚.乡村规划:管理乡村变化的挑战[J].城市规划,2017(2):85-93.
[26]Leitner, H., Pavlik, C, and Sheppard, E, Networks,Governance. and the Poli tics of Scale:Inter-Urban Networksand the European Union, Chapter 10. in Andrew Herod and Melissa W. Wright(eds)Geographies of Power:Placing Scale[M]. Oxford:Elackwell Publishers, 2008.
[27]Smith, N.. Geography, difference and the pol i tics of scale. In J. Doherty, E. Graham, and M. Malek(eds.),Postmodernism and the Social Sciences[M]. New York:St.Martin's Press, 1992:57-79.
[28]袁奇峰,谭诗敏,李刚,等.空间规划:为何?何为?何去?[J].规划师,2018(7):1-17.