微锻造激光熔覆沉积高性能TC4组织与各向异性
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摘要
测量了微锻造处理后激光熔覆沉积TC4试样的残余应力、等轴晶晶粒尺寸和表面粗糙度,并对沉积态、固溶时效态、微锻造-固溶时效态成形件的室温拉伸性能及各向异性进行了对比分析。结果表明:微锻造-固溶时效后,晶粒细化为等轴晶,晶粒大小为70～140μm;微锻造处理后,成形件在水平方向的塑性显著提升,各方向的拉伸性能均超过锻件,且各向异性小于10%。
The residual stress, equiaxed crystal grain size and surface roughness of laser cladding deposition TC4 samples after micro forging treatment are tested, and room-temperature tensile properties and anisotropy of samples in deposition state, solution state and micro forging-solution aging state are analyzed. The results show that the columnar crystal grains transform into equiaxed grain with size variation from 70 μm to 140 μm after micro forging treatment. After micro forging treatment, the plasticity of the formed parts in horizontal direction is significantly improved, the tensile properties in all directions are higher than those of the forging parts, and the anisotropy of the formed parts is less than 10%.
The residual stress, equiaxed crystal grain size and surface roughness of laser cladding deposition TC4 samples after micro forging treatment are tested, and room-temperature tensile properties and anisotropy of samples in deposition state, solution state and micro forging-solution aging state are analyzed. The results show that the columnar crystal grains transform into equiaxed grain with size variation from 70 μm to 140 μm after micro forging treatment. After micro forging treatment, the plasticity of the formed parts in horizontal direction is significantly improved, the tensile properties in all directions are higher than those of the forging parts, and the anisotropy of the formed parts is less than 10%.
引文
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[2] Bai L,Zhao Z G,Gong H B,et al.Special processing:development of laser forming technology for titanium alloy aircraft structure[J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2013(11):38-44.柏林,赵志国,龚海波,等.特种加工:航空用钛合金结构件激光成形技术研究进展[J].航空制造技术,2013(11):38-44.
[3] Li J,Lin X,Qian Y H,et al.Study on microstructure and property of laser solid forming TC4 titanium alloy[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2014,41(11):1103010.李静,林鑫,钱远宏,等.激光立体成形TC4钛合金组织和力学性能研究[J].中国激光,2014,41(11):1103010.
[4] Shi B F,Zhang A F,Qi B L,et al.Influence of heat accumulation on microstructure and property of Ti-6Al-4V in laser direct forming[J].Laser Technology,2016,40(1):29-32.师博飞,张安峰,齐宝路,等.热积累对激光直接成形Ti-6Al-4V组织和性能的影响[J].激光技术,2016,40(1):29-32.
[5] Chen J,Zhang S Y,Xue L,et al.Mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by laser rapid forming[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2007,36(3):475-479.陈静,张霜银,薛蕾,等.激光快速成形Ti-6Al-4V合金力学性能[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2007,36(3):475-479.
[6] Froes F H,Dutta B.The additive manufacturing (AM) of titanium alloys[J].Advanced Materials Research,2014,1019:19-25.
[7] Kobryn P A,Ontko N R,Perkins L P,et al.Additive manufacturing of aerospace alloys for aircraft structures[J].NATO/OTAN,2006(3):1-14.
[8] Bermingham M J,Kent D,Zhan H,et al.Controlling the microstructure and properties of wire arc additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V with trace boron additions[J].Acta Materialia,2015,91:289-303.
[9] Brandl E,Schoberth A,Leyens C.Morphology,microstructure,and hardness of titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) blocks deposited by wire-feed additive layer manufacturing (ALM)[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2012,532:295-307.
[10] Kobryn P A,Semiatin S L.The laser additive manufacture of Ti-6Al-4V[J].JOM,2001,53(9):40-42.
[11] Gao X L,Xia T D,Wang X J,et al.Present research status for metals refinement methods[J].Metallic Functional Materials,2009,16(6):60-65.高晓龙,夏天东,王晓军,等.金属晶粒细化方法的研究现状[J].金属功能材料,2009,16(6):60-65.
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[13] Liang Z Y,Zhang A F,Li L J,et al.Induction heating assisted modifier boron refining of TC4 grains by laser cladding deposition[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2018,45(7):0702001.梁朝阳,张安峰,李丽君,等.感应加热辅助变质剂硼细化激光熔覆沉积TC4晶粒的研究[J].中国激光,2018,45(7):0702001.
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[15] Dekhtyar A I,Mordyuk B N,Savvakin D G,et al.Enhanced fatigue behavior of powder metallurgy Ti-6Al-4V alloy by applying ultrasonic impact treatment[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2015,641:348-359.
[16] Wang D P,Huo L X,Zhang Y F,et al.Improvement of fatigue properties of welded joints for titanium alloy by ultrasonic peening method[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2003,13(6):137-141.王东坡,霍立兴,张玉凤,等.超声冲击法对钛合金焊接接头疲劳性能的改善[J].中国有色金属学报,2003,13(6):137-141.
[17] Du W Z,Du S G,Wang Z B,et al.The study of ultrasonic instrument and grain refinement experiment[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2010,10(11):2736-2740.杜伟卓,杜随更,汪志斌,等.超声冲击设备及晶粒细化实验研究[J].科学技术与工程,2010,10(11):2736-2740.
[18] He Z,Hu Y,Qu H T,et al.Research on anisotropy of titanium alloy manufactured by ultrasonic impact treatment and wire and arc additive manufacture[J].Aerospace Manufacturing Technology,2016(6):11-16.何智,胡洋,曲宏韬,等.超声冲击电弧增材制造钛合金零件的各向异性研究[J].航天制造技术,2016(6):11-16.
[19] Qi Y A,Zhao J F,Xie D Q,et al.Fining grain of FGH95 nickel-based superalloy laser cladding layer by ultrasonic impact treatment[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2015,36(3):59-62.戚永爱,赵剑峰,谢德巧,等.超声冲击细化FGH95镍基高温合金激光熔覆层组织[J].焊接学报,2015,36(3):59-62.
[20] Pan L,He W,Gu B P.Effects of electric current pulse on dislocation density and residual stresses of 45 carbon steel workpieces[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2015,36(S1):134-138.潘龙,何闻,顾邦平.电流脉冲对45碳钢试样位错密度和残余应力的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2015,36(S1):134-138.
[21] Wang K Y.Introduction to GB/T—2002《metal-methods for estimating the average grain size》[J].Machinery Industry Standardization & Quality,2004(5):5-8.王开远.GB/T 6394—2002《金属平均晶粒度测定方法》介绍[J].机械工业标准化与质量,2004(5):5-8.
[22] Zhou Y G,Cao C X.An investigation of high-temperature deformation strengthening and toughening mechanism of titanium alloy[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,1999,35(1):45-48.周义刚,曹春晓.钛合金高温形变强韧化机理[J].金属学报,1999,35(1):45-48.
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[24] Zeng L,Bieler T R.Effects of working,heat treatment,and aging on microstructural evolution and crystallographic texture of α,α′,α″ and β phases in Ti-6Al-4V wire[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2005,392(1/2):403-414.