基于暴露视角的城市健康空间公平性研究——以南京为例
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摘要
儿童与老年人是城市健康问题中的弱势群体,在低步行性、高污染物暴露的城市空间中更容易受到影响健康的威胁。本文以南京为例,基于污染物暴露视角,在识别健康空间的基础上,探索儿童与老年人的空间分布与步行性及污染物暴露的比较关系,并进一步分析健康空间的公平性问题。研究发现,健康空间分布对不同年龄结构的人群没有明显的倾向性,儿童相比老年人面临更加严峻的健康环境问题。研究还发现,弱势群体有被资本排挤出健康空间的趋势。
Children and the elderly are vulnerable to urban health problems,which means that they face more health threats in urban spaces of low walkability and high pollution.This paper takes Nanjing as an example to explore the spatial relationship between the spatial distribution of children and the elderly population and walkability and pollutant exposure on the basis of identifying healthy space,and further analyzes the issue of fairness in healthy space.It is found that the spatial distribution of health has no obvious tendency for people of different age.Children face more serious health problems than old people.It is also found that vulnerable groups have the tendency to be squeezed out of the health space by capital.
Children and the elderly are vulnerable to urban health problems,which means that they face more health threats in urban spaces of low walkability and high pollution.This paper takes Nanjing as an example to explore the spatial relationship between the spatial distribution of children and the elderly population and walkability and pollutant exposure on the basis of identifying healthy space,and further analyzes the issue of fairness in healthy space.It is found that the spatial distribution of health has no obvious tendency for people of different age.Children face more serious health problems than old people.It is also found that vulnerable groups have the tendency to be squeezed out of the health space by capital.
引文
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[5]丁愫,陈报章.城市医疗设施空间分布合理性评估[J].地球信息科学学报,2017,19(02):185-196.
[6]YANG J,FRENCH S.The travel-obesity connection:discerning the impacts of commuting trips with the perspective of individual energy expenditure and time use[J]. Environment and planning B:planning and design,2013(40):617-629.
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[9]卢银桃,王德.美国步行性测度研究进展及其启示[J].国际城市规划,2012,27(01):10-15.
[10]HONG Y C,LEE J T,KIM H,et al.Effects of air pollutions on acute stroke mortality[J].Environmental health perspectives,2002,110(2):187-191.
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[12]焦利民,许刚,赵素丽,等.基于LUR的武汉市PM2.5浓度空间分布模拟[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2015(08):1088-1094.
[13]MARSHALL J D,NETHERY E,BRAUER M.Within-urban variability in ambient air pollution: comparison of estimation methods [J]. Atmosphere environment2008,42(6):1359-1369.
[14]国家人口发展战略研究课题组办公室.国家人口发展战略研究报告[M].北京:中国人口出版社,2007:5-7.
[15]张佳.大卫·哈维的空间正义思想探析[J].北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2015(01):82-89.
(1)POI是Point of Interest的缩写,意为“兴趣点”。在地理信息系统中,一个POI可以是一栋房子、一个商铺、一个邮筒、一个公交站等。
[2]刘正莹,杨东峰.为健康而规划:环境健康的复杂性挑战与规划应对[J].城市规划学刊,2016(02):104-110.
[3]汪洋,Shenglan Tang,高军,et al.中国农村地区女孩健康的影响因素-健康服务公平性的探讨[J].中国卫生事业管理,2001(07):434-437.
[4]郭振友,石武祥.基于新健康观指标体系的老年人健康公平性研究[J].中国卫生统计,2015,32(05):741-744.
[5]丁愫,陈报章.城市医疗设施空间分布合理性评估[J].地球信息科学学报,2017,19(02):185-196.
[6]YANG J,FRENCH S.The travel-obesity connection:discerning the impacts of commuting trips with the perspective of individual energy expenditure and time use[J]. Environment and planning B:planning and design,2013(40):617-629.
[7]BRUNEKREEF B, HOLGATE S T.Air pollution and health[J].Lancet,2002(360):1233-1242.
[8]黄建中,胡刚钰.城市建成环境的步行性测度方法比较与思考[J].西部人居环境学刊,2016,31(01):67-74.
[9]卢银桃,王德.美国步行性测度研究进展及其启示[J].国际城市规划,2012,27(01):10-15.
[10]HONG Y C,LEE J T,KIM H,et al.Effects of air pollutions on acute stroke mortality[J].Environmental health perspectives,2002,110(2):187-191.
[11]BELL M L,PENG R D,DOMINICI F.The exposure-response curve for ozone and risk of mortality in a Dutch cohort[J].Environment health perspectives,2006,116:196-202.
[12]焦利民,许刚,赵素丽,等.基于LUR的武汉市PM2.5浓度空间分布模拟[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2015(08):1088-1094.
[13]MARSHALL J D,NETHERY E,BRAUER M.Within-urban variability in ambient air pollution: comparison of estimation methods [J]. Atmosphere environment2008,42(6):1359-1369.
[14]国家人口发展战略研究课题组办公室.国家人口发展战略研究报告[M].北京:中国人口出版社,2007:5-7.
[15]张佳.大卫·哈维的空间正义思想探析[J].北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2015(01):82-89.
(1)POI是Point of Interest的缩写,意为“兴趣点”。在地理信息系统中,一个POI可以是一栋房子、一个商铺、一个邮筒、一个公交站等。