稳态磁场对激光熔注尖角WC涂层颗粒分布及显微组织的影响
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摘要
目的研究稳态磁场对激光熔注尖角WC涂层中WC颗粒分布及涂层显微组织的影响。方法利用稳态磁场辅助激光熔注技术,在316L不锈钢基板上制备了WC/316L复合涂层。采用光学显微镜(OM)对涂层横截面形貌进行分析,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察涂层显微组织结构和特征,采用能谱仪(EDS)对涂层元素分布进行分析,采用维氏硬度计对涂层的显微硬度进行测定。结果未施加稳态磁场的涂层中WC颗粒均匀分布,涂层主要由鱼骨状的共晶组织组成,在涂层的顶部出现了十字花状的过共晶组织。施加稳态磁场后,涂层横截面形貌发生明显改变,涂层深度减小,宽度增大,WC颗粒主要分布在涂层底部。涂层顶部由细长的树枝状组织组成;在涂层中部,树枝状组织变短变粗;在涂层底部,转变为大量的十字花状组织。施加稳态磁场后,涂层的平均显微硬度由未加磁场时的394 HV0.3提高到478 HV0.3。结论稳态磁场能有效作用于熔池,通过抑制熔池的流动来改变WC颗粒的受力状况以及熔池的传热、传质情况,最终改变熔池中WC颗粒的分布状态和涂层的显微组织。
The work aims to study the effect of steady magnetic on the distribution and microstructure of sharp WC particleby the laser melt injection coating. The WC/316 L composite coating was prepared on 316 L stainless steel by laser melt injectionunder the steady magnetic field. The profile of coating cross section was analyzed by microscope(OM), the microstructure andcharacteristics of the coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM), the element distribution of the coating wasanalyzed by energy disperse spectrometer(EDS), and the hardness of the coating was determined by Vicker shardness tester. Inthe coating not under steady magnetic field, WC particles were evenly distributed. The coating was mainly composed of herringbone microstructure, but there were some cross-shaped hypereutectic structureson the top of the coating. In the coating understeady magnetic field, the profile of the cross section changed significantly. The depth of profile decreased, the width of profileincreased, and the WC particles were mainly distributed at the bottom of the coating. On the top of the coating, slender dendriticstructures were formed. In the middle of the coating, the shorter and thicker dendritic structure appeared. At the bottom of thecoating, lots of cross-shaped hypereutectic structures occurred. After the steady magnetic field was applied, the average mi-cro-hardness of the coating increased from 394 HV0.3 to 478 HV0.3. The steady magnetic field can affect the molten pool effec-tively, and change the stress conditions of WC particles and the heat transfer and mass transfer by inhibiting the flow of moltenpool, so as to change the distribution of WC particles in the molten poll and the microstructure of the coating.
The work aims to study the effect of steady magnetic on the distribution and microstructure of sharp WC particleby the laser melt injection coating. The WC/316 L composite coating was prepared on 316 L stainless steel by laser melt injectionunder the steady magnetic field. The profile of coating cross section was analyzed by microscope(OM), the microstructure andcharacteristics of the coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM), the element distribution of the coating wasanalyzed by energy disperse spectrometer(EDS), and the hardness of the coating was determined by Vicker shardness tester. Inthe coating not under steady magnetic field, WC particles were evenly distributed. The coating was mainly composed of herringbone microstructure, but there were some cross-shaped hypereutectic structureson the top of the coating. In the coating understeady magnetic field, the profile of the cross section changed significantly. The depth of profile decreased, the width of profileincreased, and the WC particles were mainly distributed at the bottom of the coating. On the top of the coating, slender dendriticstructures were formed. In the middle of the coating, the shorter and thicker dendritic structure appeared. At the bottom of thecoating, lots of cross-shaped hypereutectic structures occurred. After the steady magnetic field was applied, the average mi-cro-hardness of the coating increased from 394 HV0.3 to 478 HV0.3. The steady magnetic field can affect the molten pool effec-tively, and change the stress conditions of WC particles and the heat transfer and mass transfer by inhibiting the flow of moltenpool, so as to change the distribution of WC particles in the molten poll and the microstructure of the coating.
引文
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[16]赵敏海.等离子熔化-注射制备碳化物增强涂层组织及耐磨性能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2008.ZHAO Min-hai.Microstructure and wear resistance of carbides reinforced coating by plasma melt injection[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2008.
[17]LIU De-jian,LI Li-qun,LI Fu-quan,et al.WCp/Fe Metal matrix composites produced by laser melt injection[J].Surface&coatings technology,2008,202(9):1771-1777.
[2]KRESSE T,MEINHARD D,BERNTHALER T,et al.Hardness of WC-Co hard metals:Preparation,quantitative microstructure analysis,structure-property relationship and modelling[J].International journal of refractory metals&hard materials,2018,75:287-293.
[3]赵运才,上官绪超,张继武,等.激光重熔改性WC/Fe等离子喷涂涂层组织及其耐磨性能[J].表面技术,2018,47(3):20-27.ZHAO Yun-cai,SHANGGUAN Xu-chao,ZHANG Ji-wu,et al.Microstructure and wear resistance of WC/Fe plasma sprayed coatings modified by laser remelting[J].Surface technology,2018,47(3):20-27.
[4]VELDE O,TECHEL A,GRUNDMANN R.Suppression of the development of pores during laser-induced surface dispersion of Ti C into aluminium,by means of a static magnetic field[J].Surface&coatings technology,2002,150(2-3):170-176.
[5]BACHMANN M,AVILOV V,GUMENYUK A,et al.About the influence of a steady magnetic field on weld pool dynamics in partial penetration high power laser beam welding of thick aluminium parts[J].International journal of heat&mass transfer,2013,60:309-321.
[6]BACHMANN M,AVILOV V,GUMENYUK A,et al.Numerical simulation of full-penetration laser beam welding of thick aluminium plates with inductive support[J].Journal of physics D:Applied physics,2012,45(3):35201-35213.
[7]GATZEN M,TANG Z.CFD-based model for melt flow in laser beam welding of aluminium with coaxial magnetic field[J].Physics procedia,2010,5:317-326.
[8]胡勇,陈智君,王梁,等.静态磁场对激光熔池传热及流动行为的调控作用数值模拟[J].应用激光,2014,34(6):508-512.HU Yong,CHEN Zhi-jun,WANG Liang,et al.Numerical simulation of the static magnetic field regulation of the laser molten pool heat transfer and flow behavior[J].Applied laser,2014,34(6):508-512.
[9]宋诗英,王梁,胡勇,等.稳态磁场辅助激光熔注制备梯度涂层[J].中国激光,2016,43(5):63-70.SONG Shi-ying,WANG Liang,HU Yong,et al.Graded coating produced by laser melt injection under steady magnetic field[J].Chinese journal of lasers,2016,43(5):63-70.
[10]赖三聘,王梁,胡勇,等.稳态磁场辅助对激光熔注球形WC涂层的组织与性能研究[J].应用激光,2016,36(5):501-505.LAI San-pin,WANG Liang,HU Yong,et al.Microstructure and properties of WC composite coatings by laser melt injection assisted with steady magnetic field[J].Applied laser,2016,36(5):501-505.
[11]王梁.电磁复合场协同激光同轴熔注对增强颗粒分布梯度的调控研究[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2016.WANG Liang.Study of reinforcement particle distribution under an electric-magnetic composite field in laser coaxial melt injection[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University of Technology,2016.
[12]车得福,李会雄.多相流及其应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2007:80-89.CHE De-fu,LI Hui-xiong.Multiphase flow and its application[M].Xi?an:Xi?an Jiaotong University Press,2007:80-89.
[13]胡雪.激光填粉焊接熔池流动数值模拟[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2016.HU Xue.Numerical simulation of weld pool flow in laser welding with powder feed[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2016.
[14]ANTONI-ZDZIOBEK A,SHEN J Y,DURAND-CHARRe M.About one stable and three metastable eutectic microconstituents in the Fe-W-C system[J].International journal of refractory metals&hard materials,2008,26(4):372-382.
[15]RIABKINA-FISHMAN M,RABKIN E,LEVIN P,et al.Laser produced functionally graded tungsten carbide coatings on M2 high-speed tool steel[J].Materials science&engineering A,2001,302(1):106-114.
[16]赵敏海.等离子熔化-注射制备碳化物增强涂层组织及耐磨性能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2008.ZHAO Min-hai.Microstructure and wear resistance of carbides reinforced coating by plasma melt injection[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2008.
[17]LIU De-jian,LI Li-qun,LI Fu-quan,et al.WCp/Fe Metal matrix composites produced by laser melt injection[J].Surface&coatings technology,2008,202(9):1771-1777.
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