原地生成宇宙成因核素测年技术思考(一):稳态侵蚀等式解出的ε是当前地表侵蚀速率
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摘要
原地生成宇宙成因核素测年技术可以方便地计算出地表的暴露年龄和侵蚀速率,从而成为研究地表演化过程的有力工具。在利用原地生成宇宙成因核素测年方法研究地表的侵蚀过程中,常常将稳态侵蚀状态下浓度与侵蚀速率的关系式所计算出的侵蚀速率当成暴露时间内的地表平均侵蚀速率,这其实是不准确的。本文通过数学计算和理论推导,证明由当前稳态侵蚀关系式解出的侵蚀速率是地表当前侵蚀速率(或称为最后恒定侵蚀速率),显然与地表平均侵蚀速率所代表的地质含义是不同的。
In-situ produced cosmogenic nuclide dating technology can easily calculate the exposure age and erosion rate of earth surface,which has thus become a powerful tool for researching the performance and processofearth surface. When studying the surface erosion by using the in situ produced cosmogenic nuclide dating method,the erosion rate calculated by the relationship between the concentration and the erosion rate in the steady state erosion state is often regarded as the average surface erosion rate during the exposure time. In fact,it is not accurate. Through mathematical calculations and theoretical derivation,it is proved that the erosion rate solved by the current steady-state erosion relationship is the current surface erosion rate( or the final constant erosion rate),which is obviously different from the geological meaning represented by the surface average erosion rate.
In-situ produced cosmogenic nuclide dating technology can easily calculate the exposure age and erosion rate of earth surface,which has thus become a powerful tool for researching the performance and processofearth surface. When studying the surface erosion by using the in situ produced cosmogenic nuclide dating method,the erosion rate calculated by the relationship between the concentration and the erosion rate in the steady state erosion state is often regarded as the average surface erosion rate during the exposure time. In fact,it is not accurate. Through mathematical calculations and theoretical derivation,it is proved that the erosion rate solved by the current steady-state erosion relationship is the current surface erosion rate( or the final constant erosion rate),which is obviously different from the geological meaning represented by the surface average erosion rate.
引文
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Chen Qingli,Zhang Li,Wang Zhe,Luo Qianzhou,Lin Xinwang,Zhang Junliang,Ren Juangang.2018.Cosmogenic nuclides26Al/10Be burial ages of Dafo Cave in Hanzhong,Shaanxi,China[J].Journal of Earth Enviroment,9(1):38-44(in Chinese with English abstract).
Cui Lifeng,Liu Congqiang,Xu Sheng,Zhao Zhiqi,Tu Chenglong,Liu Taoze,Ding Hu.2014.The long-term denudation rate of granitic regolith in Qinhuangdao,North China determined from the in situ depth pro-file of the cosmogenic nuclides26Al and10Be[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,59:4823-4828(in Chinese with English abstract).
Dunai T.J.2000.Scaling factors for production rates of in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides:A critical reevaluation[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,176:157-169.
Gosse J C,Phillips F M.2001.Terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclides:Theory and application[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,20:1475-1560.
Gu Zhaoyan,Xu bing,Lv Yanwu,A.Aldahan,D.Lal.2006.A report on10Be dating of terrace surfaces in Nujiang River valley[J].Quaternary Sciences,2:293-294(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hu Erya,Li Yang,Zhao ZhiJun.2011.Calculating erosion rate of drainage basin by10Be and26Al measurements:Theory and application[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,31(3):103-107(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hu Kai,Fang Xiao Min,Zhao ZhiJun,Darryl Granger.2015.Erosion rates of northern Qilian Shan revealed by cosmogenic10Be[J].Advances in Earth Science,30(2):268-275(in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang Xiangtong,Zheng Hongbo,John Chappell,Wang Ping.2013.Characteristics of cosmogenic nuclide18Be in the Yangze River in the sediment and estimations of erosion rate[J].Quaternary Sciences,33(4):671-683(in Chinese with English abstract).
Kong Ping.2012.Cosmogenic nuclide burial dating:Theory and application[J].Quaternary Sciences,32(3):388-393(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lal D.1991.Cosmic ray labeling of erosion surfaces:In situ nuclide production rates and erosion models[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,104:424-439.
Li Chuhua,Ji Youliang,Zhang Shiqi,Zhao Junqing.2004.Estimation of exposure time and erosion rate as well as thickness of erosion surface using cosmogenic nuclides10Be and26Al[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),21(1):1-4,137(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ma Yan,Wu Yang,Pang Jianzhang,Zhang Huiping,Zheng Dewen.2015.Theory and application of the stable cosmogenic nuclide21Ne dating method[J].Seismology and Geology,37(1):242-255(in Chinese with English abstract).
Nishiizumi K,Lal D,Klein J,Middleton R,Arnodl J R.1986.Production of10Be and26Al by cosmic rays in terrestrial quartz in situ and implications for erosion rates[J].Nature,319:134-136.
Nishiizumi K,Winterer E L,Kohl C P,Klein J.1989.Middleton R.Cosmic ray production rates of10Be and26Al in quartz from glacially polished rocks[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,94:17907-17915.
Stone J O.2000.Air pressure and cosmogenic isotope production[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,105:23753-23759.
Zhang Huiping,Zhang Peizhen,Zheng Wenjun,Zheng Dewen,Chen Zhengwei.2007.Active tectonic rates constrained by terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclides dating[J].Seismology and Geology,29(2):418-430(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao Guoqing,Zhang Li,Wu Zhenkun,Xian feng,Kong Xianghui.2013.Tracing Paleoenvironment Changes with Cosmogenic Nuclides10Be and26Al[J].Arid Zone Research,30(3):534-540(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zheng Yong,Jia Jun,Nie Xike,Kong Ping.2014.Cosmogenic nuclide burial age of the Sanying Formation and its implications[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,40(7):1141-1149(in Chinese with English abstract).
陈清敏,张丽,王%,罗乾周,蔺新望,张俊良,任娟刚.2018.汉中大佛洞宇宙成因核素~(26)Al/~(10)Be埋藏年龄[J].地球环境学报,9(1):38-44.
崔丽峰,刘丛强,徐胜,赵志琦,涂成龙,刘涛泽,丁虎.2015.秦皇岛花岗岩风化壳的剥蚀速率:宇宙成因核素~(26)Al与~(10)Be的研究[J].科学通报,60(4):424.
顾兆炎,许冰,吕延武,A.Aldahan,D.Lal.2006.怒江峡谷构造地貌的演化:阶地宇宙成因核素定年的初步结果[J].第四纪研究,26(2):293-294.
胡二伢,李颍,赵志军.2001.利用宇宙成因核素~(10)Be,~(26)Al估算流域侵蚀速率的原理与应用[J].水土保持通报,31(3):103-107.
胡凯,方小敏,赵志军,Darryl Granger.2015.宇宙成因核素~(10)Be揭示的北祁连山侵蚀速率特征[J].地球科学进展,30(2):268-275.
黄湘通,郑洪波,John Chappell,王平.2013.长江流域河流沉积物宇宙成因核素~(10)Be特征与侵蚀速率估算[J].第四纪研究,33(4):671-683.
孔屏.2012.宇宙成因核素埋藏年龄法:原理及应用[J].第四纪研究,32(3):388-393.
李储华,纪友亮,张世奇,赵俊青.2004.应用宇宙成因核素~(10)Be和~(26)Al估算剥蚀面的暴露时间及剥蚀速率和剥蚀厚度[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),28(1):1-4,137.
马严,武颖,庞建章,张会平,郑德文.2015.宇宙成因核素~(21)Ne测年原理和应用[J].地震地质,37(1):242-255.
张会平,张培震,郑文俊,郑德文,陈正位.活动构造研究中相关速率的原地宇宙成因核素年代学约束[J].地震地质,29(2):418-430.
赵国庆,张丽,武振坤,鲜锋,孔祥辉.2013.应用宇宙成因核素~(10)Be和~(26)Al追溯环境变迁过程[J].干旱区研究,30(3):534-540.
郑勇,贾君,聂喜柯,孔屏.2014.云南三营组宇宙成因核素埋藏年龄及成因[J].中国科学:地球科学,44(7):1443-1451.
Cerling T E,Craig H.1994.Geomorphology and in-situ cosmogenic isotopes[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,22:273-317.
Chen Qingli,Zhang Li,Wang Zhe,Luo Qianzhou,Lin Xinwang,Zhang Junliang,Ren Juangang.2018.Cosmogenic nuclides26Al/10Be burial ages of Dafo Cave in Hanzhong,Shaanxi,China[J].Journal of Earth Enviroment,9(1):38-44(in Chinese with English abstract).
Cui Lifeng,Liu Congqiang,Xu Sheng,Zhao Zhiqi,Tu Chenglong,Liu Taoze,Ding Hu.2014.The long-term denudation rate of granitic regolith in Qinhuangdao,North China determined from the in situ depth pro-file of the cosmogenic nuclides26Al and10Be[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,59:4823-4828(in Chinese with English abstract).
Dunai T.J.2000.Scaling factors for production rates of in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides:A critical reevaluation[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,176:157-169.
Gosse J C,Phillips F M.2001.Terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclides:Theory and application[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,20:1475-1560.
Gu Zhaoyan,Xu bing,Lv Yanwu,A.Aldahan,D.Lal.2006.A report on10Be dating of terrace surfaces in Nujiang River valley[J].Quaternary Sciences,2:293-294(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hu Erya,Li Yang,Zhao ZhiJun.2011.Calculating erosion rate of drainage basin by10Be and26Al measurements:Theory and application[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,31(3):103-107(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hu Kai,Fang Xiao Min,Zhao ZhiJun,Darryl Granger.2015.Erosion rates of northern Qilian Shan revealed by cosmogenic10Be[J].Advances in Earth Science,30(2):268-275(in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang Xiangtong,Zheng Hongbo,John Chappell,Wang Ping.2013.Characteristics of cosmogenic nuclide18Be in the Yangze River in the sediment and estimations of erosion rate[J].Quaternary Sciences,33(4):671-683(in Chinese with English abstract).
Kong Ping.2012.Cosmogenic nuclide burial dating:Theory and application[J].Quaternary Sciences,32(3):388-393(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lal D.1991.Cosmic ray labeling of erosion surfaces:In situ nuclide production rates and erosion models[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,104:424-439.
Li Chuhua,Ji Youliang,Zhang Shiqi,Zhao Junqing.2004.Estimation of exposure time and erosion rate as well as thickness of erosion surface using cosmogenic nuclides10Be and26Al[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),21(1):1-4,137(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ma Yan,Wu Yang,Pang Jianzhang,Zhang Huiping,Zheng Dewen.2015.Theory and application of the stable cosmogenic nuclide21Ne dating method[J].Seismology and Geology,37(1):242-255(in Chinese with English abstract).
Nishiizumi K,Lal D,Klein J,Middleton R,Arnodl J R.1986.Production of10Be and26Al by cosmic rays in terrestrial quartz in situ and implications for erosion rates[J].Nature,319:134-136.
Nishiizumi K,Winterer E L,Kohl C P,Klein J.1989.Middleton R.Cosmic ray production rates of10Be and26Al in quartz from glacially polished rocks[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,94:17907-17915.
Stone J O.2000.Air pressure and cosmogenic isotope production[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,105:23753-23759.
Zhang Huiping,Zhang Peizhen,Zheng Wenjun,Zheng Dewen,Chen Zhengwei.2007.Active tectonic rates constrained by terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclides dating[J].Seismology and Geology,29(2):418-430(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao Guoqing,Zhang Li,Wu Zhenkun,Xian feng,Kong Xianghui.2013.Tracing Paleoenvironment Changes with Cosmogenic Nuclides10Be and26Al[J].Arid Zone Research,30(3):534-540(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zheng Yong,Jia Jun,Nie Xike,Kong Ping.2014.Cosmogenic nuclide burial age of the Sanying Formation and its implications[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,40(7):1141-1149(in Chinese with English abstract).
陈清敏,张丽,王%,罗乾周,蔺新望,张俊良,任娟刚.2018.汉中大佛洞宇宙成因核素~(26)Al/~(10)Be埋藏年龄[J].地球环境学报,9(1):38-44.
崔丽峰,刘丛强,徐胜,赵志琦,涂成龙,刘涛泽,丁虎.2015.秦皇岛花岗岩风化壳的剥蚀速率:宇宙成因核素~(26)Al与~(10)Be的研究[J].科学通报,60(4):424.
顾兆炎,许冰,吕延武,A.Aldahan,D.Lal.2006.怒江峡谷构造地貌的演化:阶地宇宙成因核素定年的初步结果[J].第四纪研究,26(2):293-294.
胡二伢,李颍,赵志军.2001.利用宇宙成因核素~(10)Be,~(26)Al估算流域侵蚀速率的原理与应用[J].水土保持通报,31(3):103-107.
胡凯,方小敏,赵志军,Darryl Granger.2015.宇宙成因核素~(10)Be揭示的北祁连山侵蚀速率特征[J].地球科学进展,30(2):268-275.
黄湘通,郑洪波,John Chappell,王平.2013.长江流域河流沉积物宇宙成因核素~(10)Be特征与侵蚀速率估算[J].第四纪研究,33(4):671-683.
孔屏.2012.宇宙成因核素埋藏年龄法:原理及应用[J].第四纪研究,32(3):388-393.
李储华,纪友亮,张世奇,赵俊青.2004.应用宇宙成因核素~(10)Be和~(26)Al估算剥蚀面的暴露时间及剥蚀速率和剥蚀厚度[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),28(1):1-4,137.
马严,武颖,庞建章,张会平,郑德文.2015.宇宙成因核素~(21)Ne测年原理和应用[J].地震地质,37(1):242-255.
张会平,张培震,郑文俊,郑德文,陈正位.活动构造研究中相关速率的原地宇宙成因核素年代学约束[J].地震地质,29(2):418-430.
赵国庆,张丽,武振坤,鲜锋,孔祥辉.2013.应用宇宙成因核素~(10)Be和~(26)Al追溯环境变迁过程[J].干旱区研究,30(3):534-540.
郑勇,贾君,聂喜柯,孔屏.2014.云南三营组宇宙成因核素埋藏年龄及成因[J].中国科学:地球科学,44(7):1443-1451.