祁连山木里冻土区天然气水合物矿区稀有气体氦、氖地球化学特征及其指示意义
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摘要
稀有气体氦(He)、氖(Ne)是天然气水合物中的痕量组分,其化学性质稳定,在地质作用过程中其丰度变化几乎不受复杂化学反应和近地表微生物的影响。顶空气He、Ne地球化学勘查方法可以排除沼泽区微生物的强烈干扰,提高包括天然气水合物在内的油气近地表地球化学勘查的效用及精度。选择祁连山木里冻土区天然气水合物矿区进行试验研究,获得近地表土壤顶空气He平均含量为7. 99×10~(-6),Ne平均含量20. 8×10~(-6),均高于其在大气中的丰度。稀有气体He、Ne具有很强的穿透能力,平面上,在已知水合物矿藏和水合物远景区上方具有明显的地球化学顶部异常特征;钻井地球化学垂向剖面上,水合物富集层位上方具有明显的上置气异常特征。顶空气He、Ne近地表平面异常和钻井岩屑剖面异常特征证实,祁连山水合物形成过程中烃类气体发生了分异和垂向微渗漏,其携带笼中的稀有气体He、Ne以"类气相"地气流形式垂向迁移。试验证明,顶空气He、Ne异常对木里天然气水合物矿藏具有良好的指示作用。顶空气He、Ne勘查方法是冻土区水合物地球化学勘查技术的有效补充。
The noble-gas helium( He) and neon( Ne) are rare components of natural gas hydrates,and their concentration changes are almost unaffected by complex chemical reactions and near-surface microorganism activities. Discussion of rare-gas geochemical exploration can not only eliminate the strong interference of microorganisms,but can also improve the intensity of the near-surface gas geochemical anomalies including natural gas hydrates. In this paper,natural gas hydrates mining area in the Muli permafrost region of Qilian mountains was investigated,where the average headspace He and Ne contents is 7. 99 × 10~(-6) and 20. 8 × 10~(-6),respectively,both higher than the average atmospheric concentrations. It is found that He and Ne have strong penetrative power,and show clear geochemical anomaly halos above the known hydrate deposits/prospects. Drilling-hole profiles show that there is obvious upper gas anomaly above the hydrate accumulation horizon,and the noble-gas differentiation and vertical percolation occur during the rare gas hydrate formation in Qilian,while the noble-gas He and Ne carry migrates vertically in the form of "gas-like"geogas current. Our study demonstrates that HeNe anomaly has a good indication of the gas hydrate deposits,and He-Ne exploration technology is an effective supplement for hydrate exploration in permafrost regions.
The noble-gas helium( He) and neon( Ne) are rare components of natural gas hydrates,and their concentration changes are almost unaffected by complex chemical reactions and near-surface microorganism activities. Discussion of rare-gas geochemical exploration can not only eliminate the strong interference of microorganisms,but can also improve the intensity of the near-surface gas geochemical anomalies including natural gas hydrates. In this paper,natural gas hydrates mining area in the Muli permafrost region of Qilian mountains was investigated,where the average headspace He and Ne contents is 7. 99 × 10~(-6) and 20. 8 × 10~(-6),respectively,both higher than the average atmospheric concentrations. It is found that He and Ne have strong penetrative power,and show clear geochemical anomaly halos above the known hydrate deposits/prospects. Drilling-hole profiles show that there is obvious upper gas anomaly above the hydrate accumulation horizon,and the noble-gas differentiation and vertical percolation occur during the rare gas hydrate formation in Qilian,while the noble-gas He and Ne carry migrates vertically in the form of "gas-like"geogas current. Our study demonstrates that HeNe anomaly has a good indication of the gas hydrate deposits,and He-Ne exploration technology is an effective supplement for hydrate exploration in permafrost regions.
引文
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[2] CRAIG H,LUPTON J E. Primordial neon,helium,and hydrogen in oceanic basalts[J]. Earth&Planetary Science Letters,1976,31(3):369-385.
[3] OZIMA M,PODESEK F A. Noble Gas Geochemistry[M]. London:Cambridge University Press,1983:1-252.
[4] KANEOKA I,TAKAOKA N. Noble-gas state in the earth's interior:Some constraints on the present state[J]. Chemical Geology Isotope Geoscience,1985,52(1):75-95.
[5] HONDA M,PATTERSON D B,MCDOUGALL I,et al. Noble gases in submarine pillow basalt glasses from the Lau Basin:Detection of a solar component in backarc basin basalts[J]. Earth&Planetary Science Letters,1993,120(3/4):135-148.
[6] ALLEGRE C J,SARDA P,STAUDACHER T. Speculations about the cosmic origin of He and Ne in the interior of the Earth[J]. Earth&Planetary Science Letters,1993,117(1/2):229-233.
[7]徐永昌,沈平,陶明信,等.中国含油气盆地天然气中氦同位素分布[J].科学通报,1994,39(16):1505-1509.
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[11] PRASOLOV E M,TOKAREV I V,GINSBURG G D,et al. Helium and other noble gases in gas-hydrate sediments of the Hkon Mosby Mud Volcano[J]. Geo-Marine Letters,1999,19(1/2):84-88.
[12] GINSBURG G D,SOLOVIEV V A,CRANSTON R E,et al.Gas hydrates from the continental slope,offshore Sakhalin Island,Okhotsk Sea[J]. Geo-Marine Letters,1993,13(1):41-48.
[13]徐胜.中国天然气中稀有气体丰度和同位素组成[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,1997,16(2):3-6.
[14]郝纯,孟庆芬,梅海.青海木里三露天水合物微生物地球化学勘查研究[J].现代地质,2015,29(5):1157
[15]梅博文,吴萌,孙忠军,等.青海省天峻县木里地区天然气水合物微生物地球化学检测法(MGCE)试验[J].地质通报,2011,30(12):1891-1895.
[16]李吉鹏,王国建,汤玉平.一种痕量氦氖氢的检测方法及其化探效果[J].物探与化探,2013,37(2):251-254.
[17] MAMYRIN B A,TOLSTIKHIN I N. Helium Isotopes in Nature[M]. Amsterdam:Elsevier,1984:100-179.
[18]卢振权,翟刚毅,文怀军,等.青海木里三露天冻土区天然气水合物形成与分布地质控制因素[J].现代地质,2015,29(5):1002-1013.
[19]徐明才,刘建勋,柴铭涛,等.青海木里地区天然气水合物反射地震试验研究[J].地质与勘探,2012,48(6):1180-1187.
[20]秦爱华,周亚龙,李永红,等.青海木里三露天天然气水合物地球化学远景评价[J].现代地质,2015,29(5):1242-1250.
[21]邢学文,刘松,周红英,等.木里冻土带天然气水合物赋存区浅层土壤地球化学特征及指示意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(1):159-166.
[22]孙忠军,杨志斌,秦爱华,等.中纬度带天然气水合物地球化学勘查技术[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2014,44(4):1063-1070.
[23]周亚龙,孙忠军,张富贵,等.青海木里三露天天然气水合物土壤热释烃技术应用研究[J].现代地质,2015,29(5):1173-1179.
[24] SUN Zhongjun,YANG Zhibin,MEI Hai,et al. Geochemical characteristics of the shallow soil above the Muli gas hydrate reservoir in the permafrost region of the Qilian Mountains,China[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2014,139(1):160-169.
[25]杨志斌,周亚龙,普嘎.祁连山木里冻土区天然气水合物地球化学异常成因分析[J].物探化探计算机技术,2014,36(6):723-729.
[26]黄霞,祝有海,王平康,等.祁连山冻土区天然气水合物烃类气体组分的特征和成因[J].地质通报,2011,30(12):1851-1856.
[27]卢振权,祝有海,张永勤,等.青海祁连山冻土区天然气水合物的气体成因研究[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):581-588.
[28] SLOAN E D. Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases[M]. New York:CRC Press,Taylor and Francis Group Publishers,2007:554-555.
[29]吴西顺,王铭晗,吕鹏.“冰冻”的能源:联合国环境规划署对甲烷水合物的全球展望(卷一)[R].北京:中国地质图书馆中国地质调查局地学文献中心,2016:1-103.
[30]祝有海,张永勤,文怀军,等.青海祁连山冻土区发现天然气水合物[J].地质学报,2009,83(11):1762-1771.
[31]吴时国,王秀娟,陈端新,等.天然气水合物地质概论[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:1-324.
[32] SLOAN E D,KOH C A. Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases[M]. Boca Raton:CRC Press,2007:1-721.
[33]吴传璧,施俊法.上置晕与物质的“类气相”垂向迁移[J].地学前缘,1998,5(1/2):185-194.
[34]张祥年,汪明启,徐广明.隐伏矿地气地球化学勘查方法的影响因素及其作用方式[J].地质调查与研究,2007,30(3):178-185.
[2] CRAIG H,LUPTON J E. Primordial neon,helium,and hydrogen in oceanic basalts[J]. Earth&Planetary Science Letters,1976,31(3):369-385.
[3] OZIMA M,PODESEK F A. Noble Gas Geochemistry[M]. London:Cambridge University Press,1983:1-252.
[4] KANEOKA I,TAKAOKA N. Noble-gas state in the earth's interior:Some constraints on the present state[J]. Chemical Geology Isotope Geoscience,1985,52(1):75-95.
[5] HONDA M,PATTERSON D B,MCDOUGALL I,et al. Noble gases in submarine pillow basalt glasses from the Lau Basin:Detection of a solar component in backarc basin basalts[J]. Earth&Planetary Science Letters,1993,120(3/4):135-148.
[6] ALLEGRE C J,SARDA P,STAUDACHER T. Speculations about the cosmic origin of He and Ne in the interior of the Earth[J]. Earth&Planetary Science Letters,1993,117(1/2):229-233.
[7]徐永昌,沈平,陶明信,等.中国含油气盆地天然气中氦同位素分布[J].科学通报,1994,39(16):1505-1509.
[8]沈平,徐永昌,刘文汇,等.天然气研究中的稀有气体地球化学应用模式[J].沉积学报,1995,13(2):48-57.
[9]徐永昌,沈平,刘文汇,等.天然气中稀有气体地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:1-231.
[10]徐永昌,刘文汇,沈平,等.天然气地球化学的重要分支——稀有气体地球化学[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(3):157-166.
[11] PRASOLOV E M,TOKAREV I V,GINSBURG G D,et al. Helium and other noble gases in gas-hydrate sediments of the Hkon Mosby Mud Volcano[J]. Geo-Marine Letters,1999,19(1/2):84-88.
[12] GINSBURG G D,SOLOVIEV V A,CRANSTON R E,et al.Gas hydrates from the continental slope,offshore Sakhalin Island,Okhotsk Sea[J]. Geo-Marine Letters,1993,13(1):41-48.
[13]徐胜.中国天然气中稀有气体丰度和同位素组成[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,1997,16(2):3-6.
[14]郝纯,孟庆芬,梅海.青海木里三露天水合物微生物地球化学勘查研究[J].现代地质,2015,29(5):1157
[15]梅博文,吴萌,孙忠军,等.青海省天峻县木里地区天然气水合物微生物地球化学检测法(MGCE)试验[J].地质通报,2011,30(12):1891-1895.
[16]李吉鹏,王国建,汤玉平.一种痕量氦氖氢的检测方法及其化探效果[J].物探与化探,2013,37(2):251-254.
[17] MAMYRIN B A,TOLSTIKHIN I N. Helium Isotopes in Nature[M]. Amsterdam:Elsevier,1984:100-179.
[18]卢振权,翟刚毅,文怀军,等.青海木里三露天冻土区天然气水合物形成与分布地质控制因素[J].现代地质,2015,29(5):1002-1013.
[19]徐明才,刘建勋,柴铭涛,等.青海木里地区天然气水合物反射地震试验研究[J].地质与勘探,2012,48(6):1180-1187.
[20]秦爱华,周亚龙,李永红,等.青海木里三露天天然气水合物地球化学远景评价[J].现代地质,2015,29(5):1242-1250.
[21]邢学文,刘松,周红英,等.木里冻土带天然气水合物赋存区浅层土壤地球化学特征及指示意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(1):159-166.
[22]孙忠军,杨志斌,秦爱华,等.中纬度带天然气水合物地球化学勘查技术[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2014,44(4):1063-1070.
[23]周亚龙,孙忠军,张富贵,等.青海木里三露天天然气水合物土壤热释烃技术应用研究[J].现代地质,2015,29(5):1173-1179.
[24] SUN Zhongjun,YANG Zhibin,MEI Hai,et al. Geochemical characteristics of the shallow soil above the Muli gas hydrate reservoir in the permafrost region of the Qilian Mountains,China[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2014,139(1):160-169.
[25]杨志斌,周亚龙,普嘎.祁连山木里冻土区天然气水合物地球化学异常成因分析[J].物探化探计算机技术,2014,36(6):723-729.
[26]黄霞,祝有海,王平康,等.祁连山冻土区天然气水合物烃类气体组分的特征和成因[J].地质通报,2011,30(12):1851-1856.
[27]卢振权,祝有海,张永勤,等.青海祁连山冻土区天然气水合物的气体成因研究[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):581-588.
[28] SLOAN E D. Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases[M]. New York:CRC Press,Taylor and Francis Group Publishers,2007:554-555.
[29]吴西顺,王铭晗,吕鹏.“冰冻”的能源:联合国环境规划署对甲烷水合物的全球展望(卷一)[R].北京:中国地质图书馆中国地质调查局地学文献中心,2016:1-103.
[30]祝有海,张永勤,文怀军,等.青海祁连山冻土区发现天然气水合物[J].地质学报,2009,83(11):1762-1771.
[31]吴时国,王秀娟,陈端新,等.天然气水合物地质概论[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:1-324.
[32] SLOAN E D,KOH C A. Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases[M]. Boca Raton:CRC Press,2007:1-721.
[33]吴传璧,施俊法.上置晕与物质的“类气相”垂向迁移[J].地学前缘,1998,5(1/2):185-194.
[34]张祥年,汪明启,徐广明.隐伏矿地气地球化学勘查方法的影响因素及其作用方式[J].地质调查与研究,2007,30(3):178-185.