大数据视角下国土空间规划编制的弹性和效率理念 探索及其实践应用
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摘要
研究目的:基于大数据视角开展国土空间规划编制提升弹性、增强效率的理念探索与实践应用研究。研究方法:借助互联网LBS数据(人口迁徙和人口热力),分别在宏观和微观两个尺度进行区域人口流动格局分析和存量建设用地潜力评估。研究结果:(1)规划编制理念应推动双向驱动决策机制,从经验判断走向数据支持;(2)人口迁徙和热力数据在宏观和微观场景中的实践应用有助于空间规划编制实现提升弹性、增强效率的目标。研究结论:大数据技术方法在国土空间规划编制落实区域协调发展、乡村振兴、可持续发展等国家重大战略中具有重要作用,应得到进一步研究。
The paper aims to promote conceptual exploration and practical application on flexibility and strengthening efficiency of territory spatial planning making from the perspective of Big Data. The research method is to analyze the patterns of urban population flows in macro-scale and to evaluate the potential of the extant construction land in microscale, based on LBS data of population migration and heat map provided by Tencent. The results indicate that 1)the conception of planning making should facilitate the dual decision-making mechanism integrated with both goal and data driving, shifting from the experience judgment to the data support. 2)The practical application of big data constituted by population migration and heat map in scenarios of both macro and micro scales provides support to the improvement in flexibility and strengthens efficiency of spatial planning making. In conclusion, big data technology plays an important role in territory spatial planning making, which requires more study in the further implementation of national major strategies such as the balanced development between regions, rural vitalization and sustainable development.
The paper aims to promote conceptual exploration and practical application on flexibility and strengthening efficiency of territory spatial planning making from the perspective of Big Data. The research method is to analyze the patterns of urban population flows in macro-scale and to evaluate the potential of the extant construction land in microscale, based on LBS data of population migration and heat map provided by Tencent. The results indicate that 1)the conception of planning making should facilitate the dual decision-making mechanism integrated with both goal and data driving, shifting from the experience judgment to the data support. 2)The practical application of big data constituted by population migration and heat map in scenarios of both macro and micro scales provides support to the improvement in flexibility and strengthens efficiency of spatial planning making. In conclusion, big data technology plays an important role in territory spatial planning making, which requires more study in the further implementation of national major strategies such as the balanced development between regions, rural vitalization and sustainable development.
引文
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[24]王克强,马克星,刘红梅.上海市建设用地减量化运作机制研究[J].中国土地科学,2016,30(5):3-12.
[25]樊杰,孔维锋,刘汉初,等.对第二个百年目标导向下的区域发展机遇与挑战的科学认知[J].经济地理,2017,37(1):1-7.
[26]方创琳.中国城市发展格局优化的科学基础与框架体系[J].经济地理,2013,33(12):1-9.
[27]庄少勤.“新常态”下的上海土地节约集约利用[J].上海国土资源,2015,36(3):1-8.
[28]李红波,张小林,吴启焰,等.发达地区乡村聚落空间重构的特征与机理研究--以苏南为例[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(4):591-603.
[29]龙花楼.论土地整治与乡村空间重构[J].地理学报,2013,68(8):1019-1028.
[30]刘彦随.中国新时代城乡融合与乡村振兴[J].地理学报,2018,73(4):637-650.
(1)信息与通讯技术(ICT:Information and Communication Technology)。
(1)移动位置服务(LBS, Local Based Service)。
[2]FLORIDI L.Big data and their epistemological challenge[J].Philosophy&Technology,2012,25(4):435-437.
[3]吴志峰,柴彦威,党安荣,等.地理学碰上“大数据”:热反应与冷思考[J].地理研究,2015,34(12):2207-2221.
[4]GOODCHILD M F.The quality of big(geo)data[J].Dialogues in Human Geography,2013,3(3):280-284.
[5]DELYSER D,SUI D.Crossing the qualitative-quantitative chasm III[J].Progress in Human Geography,2014,38(2):294-307.
[6]甄峰,王波,秦萧,等.基于大数据的城市研究与规划方法创新[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2015:98-113.
[7]王波,甄峰,张浩.基于签到数据的城市活动时空间动态变化及区划研究[J].地理科学,2015,35(2):151-160.
[8]丁亮,钮心毅,宋小冬.上海中心城就业中心体系测度--基于手机信令数据的研究[J].地理学报,2016,71(3):484-499.
[9]LONG Y,HAN H,TU Y,et al.Evaluating the effectiveness of urban growth boundaries using human mobility and activity records[J].Cities,2015,46(6):76-84.
[10]浩飞龙,王士君,冯章献,等.基于POI数据的长春市商业空间格局及行业分布[J].地理研究,2018,37(2):366-378.
[11]柴彦威,龙瀛,申悦.大数据在中国智慧城市规划中的应用探索[J].国际城市规划,2014,29(6):9-11.
[12]GRAHAM M,SHELTON T.Geography and the future of big data,big data and the future of geography[J].Dialogues in Hunan Geography,2013,3(3):255-261.
[13]姜雅,闫卫东,黎晓言,等.日本最新国土规划(“七全综”)分析[J].中国矿业,2017,26(12):70-79.
[14]程昌秀,史培军,宋长青,等.地理大数据为地理复杂性研究提供新机遇[J].地理学报,2018,73(8):1397-1406.
[15]单卫东,胡月明,贺灿飞,等.土地规划的自然过程基础与大数据时代的方法探索[J].地理科学,2016,36(12):1912-1919.
[16]严金明,陈昊,夏方舟.“多规合一”与空间规划:认知、导向与路径[J].中国土地科学,2017,31(1):21-27.
[17]张叶笑,冯广京.基于时空锥理论的“多规冲突”和“多规合一”机理研究[J].中国土地科学,2017,31(5):3-11.
[18]冯广京.土地科学发展时空锥及土地科学学科演进研究[J].中国土地科学,2016,30(1):23-31.
[19]张祎,刘越岩,胡守庚,等.基于科学计量学的中国土地科学发展分析[J].中国土地科学,2017,31(8):4-14.
[20]陆大道.关于地理学的“人-地系统”理论研究[J].地理研究,2002,21(2):135-145.
[21]李小云,杨宇,刘毅.中国人地关系演进及其资源环境基础研究进展[J].地理学报,2016,71(12):2067-2088.
[22]陆锋,刘康,陈洁.大数据时代的人类移动性研究[J].地球信息科学学报,2014,16(5):665-672.
[23]郑红玉,吴次芳,郑盛,等.空间一致性视角下的城市紧凑发展与土地混合利用研究--以上海市为例[J].中国土地科学,2016,30(4):35-42.
[24]王克强,马克星,刘红梅.上海市建设用地减量化运作机制研究[J].中国土地科学,2016,30(5):3-12.
[25]樊杰,孔维锋,刘汉初,等.对第二个百年目标导向下的区域发展机遇与挑战的科学认知[J].经济地理,2017,37(1):1-7.
[26]方创琳.中国城市发展格局优化的科学基础与框架体系[J].经济地理,2013,33(12):1-9.
[27]庄少勤.“新常态”下的上海土地节约集约利用[J].上海国土资源,2015,36(3):1-8.
[28]李红波,张小林,吴启焰,等.发达地区乡村聚落空间重构的特征与机理研究--以苏南为例[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(4):591-603.
[29]龙花楼.论土地整治与乡村空间重构[J].地理学报,2013,68(8):1019-1028.
[30]刘彦随.中国新时代城乡融合与乡村振兴[J].地理学报,2018,73(4):637-650.
(1)信息与通讯技术(ICT:Information and Communication Technology)。
(1)移动位置服务(LBS, Local Based Service)。