铀尾矿废渣回填治理区植物中铀放射性水平调查
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摘要
为了解北方某铀矿尾渣回填区内放射性核素铀在植物体中富集情况,为进一步探讨利用植物修复技术对铀矿区进行土壤修复的可行性,以及寻找放射性核素污染土壤治理的方法提供理论依据,采集矿区内堆浸工位与矿区外尾渣回填治理区常见植物样本,采用ICP-MS测定植物和土壤中放射性铀水平,针对植物对铀的耐受性和富集能力进行评估,筛选出富集能力较强的植物,进一步探索利用植物修复技术对放射性废物治理。结果表明,经对采集的植物中铀含量检测发现植物的地下部分铀含量高于地上部分,铀主要集中在根部,植物各部位铀含量由高到低分别为根、叶、茎。矿区内堆浸工位处的大籽蒿根部铀活度为64.26 Bq/kg;在矿区外尾渣回填区同一植物根部铀活度为0.86 Bq/kg。所调查的北方某铀矿尾渣回填区内所采集的植物中铀含量极低,远小于矿区内堆浸工位所采植物样品中铀含量。深埋回填铀矿尾渣是切实有效可行的。
The study was to understand the enrichment of uranium in the plants within the uranium tailings backfill area in the north of China. This study also provided a theoretical basis for the further study of the feasibility of phytoremediation technology in uranium mining area. Uranium content in plant and soil were measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after collecting plant and soil samples in leaching location of mining area and in mine tailings backfill area. This study aimed at evaluation of plants tolerance and uranium enrichment ability, screening of plants, and further exploration for the use of phytoremediation technology. The uranium content in the underground part of the plants was found to be higher than aboveground part. Uranium was mainly concentrated in the roots,and the uranium contents in different parts of the plant from high to low were roots,leaves,stems,flowers and fruits. The uranium radioactivity in the root of Artemisia sieversiana was 64. 26 Bq/kg in the leaching location. In the mine tailings backfill area,the uranium content in the same part was relatively low as 0. 86 Bq/kg. The uranium content in the plant from the tailings backfill area was extremely low,and far less than that from the leaching area,and generally the uranium content in roots was greater than that in shoots. Uranium was mainly enriched in plant roots,and the contents in plant different parts from high to low were root,leaf,stem. Deep buried backfill of uranium tailing is proven to be feasible.
The study was to understand the enrichment of uranium in the plants within the uranium tailings backfill area in the north of China. This study also provided a theoretical basis for the further study of the feasibility of phytoremediation technology in uranium mining area. Uranium content in plant and soil were measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after collecting plant and soil samples in leaching location of mining area and in mine tailings backfill area. This study aimed at evaluation of plants tolerance and uranium enrichment ability, screening of plants, and further exploration for the use of phytoremediation technology. The uranium content in the underground part of the plants was found to be higher than aboveground part. Uranium was mainly concentrated in the roots,and the uranium contents in different parts of the plant from high to low were roots,leaves,stems,flowers and fruits. The uranium radioactivity in the root of Artemisia sieversiana was 64. 26 Bq/kg in the leaching location. In the mine tailings backfill area,the uranium content in the same part was relatively low as 0. 86 Bq/kg. The uranium content in the plant from the tailings backfill area was extremely low,and far less than that from the leaching area,and generally the uranium content in roots was greater than that in shoots. Uranium was mainly enriched in plant roots,and the contents in plant different parts from high to low were root,leaf,stem. Deep buried backfill of uranium tailing is proven to be feasible.
引文
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[10]黄德娟,徐卫东,罗明标,等.某铀矿九种优势草本植物铀的测定[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(3):29-31.
[11]Viehweger K,Geipel G.Uranium accumulation and tolerance in Arabidopsis halleri under native versus hydroponic conditions[J].Environ and Ex-perimental Botany,2010,69(1):39-46.
[12]谢红艳,胡劲松,殷杰,等.某铀尾矿区植物组成及其对铀的积累作用研究[J].原子能科学技术,2014,48(11):1 954-1 959.
[2]孟祥鹏,刘永.植物修复铀尾矿库退役后流出的铀离子污染因素分析[J].现代矿业,2015,553(5):159-160.
[3]Viehweger K,Geipel G.Uranium accumulation and tolerance in Arabiqops is halleri under native versus hydropnic conditions[J].Environ and Experimental Botany,2010,69(1):39-46.
[4]唐丽,柏云,邓大超,等.修复铀污染土壤超积累植物的筛选及积累特征研究[J].核技术,2009,32(2):136-141.
[5]朱业安,黄德超,廖晓峰,等.矿区污染土壤上植物资源调研[J].江西科学,2012,30(5):620-624.
[6]李有志,罗佳,张灿明,等.湘潭锰矿区植物资源调查及超富集植物筛选[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(1):16-22.
[7]赵新春,冯兰英,马一龙,等.桂北某铀矿周围主要农产品放射性水平检测分析[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2016,36(12):925-928.
[8]廖燕庆,卢德雄,彭崇,等.广西某铀矿山退役治理后环境放射性调查与分析[J].辐射防护,2017,37(1):62-66.LIAO Yanqing,l U Dexiong,PENG Chong,et al.Investigation and analysis of environmental radioactivity for a decemmissioned uranium mine in Guangxi Province[J].Radiation Protection,2017,37(1):62-66.
[9]丁德馨,李广悦,胡南,等.铀尾砂中植物采铀方法研究[J].矿冶工程,2010,30(4):58-60.
[10]黄德娟,徐卫东,罗明标,等.某铀矿九种优势草本植物铀的测定[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(3):29-31.
[11]Viehweger K,Geipel G.Uranium accumulation and tolerance in Arabidopsis halleri under native versus hydroponic conditions[J].Environ and Ex-perimental Botany,2010,69(1):39-46.
[12]谢红艳,胡劲松,殷杰,等.某铀尾矿区植物组成及其对铀的积累作用研究[J].原子能科学技术,2014,48(11):1 954-1 959.
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