花岗岩电镜扫描图像二值化阈值对分形维数影响的研究
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摘要
电镜扫描应用于岩土工程研究,能观察到岩石的细观结构,从另一个视角揭示岩石力学机理。分形维数是对岩石表面不规则、非线性裂纹裂隙的定量描述,是一个重要的参数指标。本文首先通过花岗岩电镜扫描实验,获得了花岗岩细观图像;其次研究不同二值化阈值下的图像和分形维数,结果显示分形维数随二值化阈值增大而减小;最后,对比迭代法、双峰法和Otsu法三种求最佳二值化阈值方法,表明Otsu法简单易行,得到的图像能反映岩石表面细节,求出的分形维数具有参考对比价值。因此将Otsu法图像二值化阈值得到的分形维数作为对比参考的标准,对岩石细观研究具有重要的参考价值。
The scanning electron microscope( SEM) can be applied to the study of geotechnical engineering. It permits to observe the mesoscopic structure of rock and reveal the mechanism of rock mechanics from another angle of view. Fractal dimension is a quantitative description of irregular and nonlinear cracks on the surface of rock,thus an important parameter index. This work first used scanning electron microscopy experiments to obtain microscopic images of granite. Secondly we studied the images with varied binarization thresholds and their fractal dimensions. The results demonstrate that the fractal dimension of the threshold decreases with the increase of the binarization threshold. Finally,we made a comparison of three kinds of methods,i. e.,the iteration,double peak,and Otsu,to find the best binarization threshold method. It shows that the Otsu method is simple and easy to operate,in which the obtained images can reflect the rock surface details,and the fractal dimension calculated has a reference and contrast value. Therefore,the fractal dimension from the Otsu method should be regarded as the standard of contrast reference,which is valuable for the study of details of rock structure.
The scanning electron microscope( SEM) can be applied to the study of geotechnical engineering. It permits to observe the mesoscopic structure of rock and reveal the mechanism of rock mechanics from another angle of view. Fractal dimension is a quantitative description of irregular and nonlinear cracks on the surface of rock,thus an important parameter index. This work first used scanning electron microscopy experiments to obtain microscopic images of granite. Secondly we studied the images with varied binarization thresholds and their fractal dimensions. The results demonstrate that the fractal dimension of the threshold decreases with the increase of the binarization threshold. Finally,we made a comparison of three kinds of methods,i. e.,the iteration,double peak,and Otsu,to find the best binarization threshold method. It shows that the Otsu method is simple and easy to operate,in which the obtained images can reflect the rock surface details,and the fractal dimension calculated has a reference and contrast value. Therefore,the fractal dimension from the Otsu method should be regarded as the standard of contrast reference,which is valuable for the study of details of rock structure.
引文
Bu Feiyu,Zhu Qing,Wang Tao.2015.An improved binarization method based on maximum variance between clusters[J].Computer Knowledge and Technology,11(05):188-189,195(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Leqiu,Chen Junhua,Zhang Jiansheng.2017.Test of effects of strain rate on mechanical properties of rock[J].Geology and Exploration,53(5):1025-1031(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Xiaogai.2017.Application of Matlab in image processing technology[J].Automation&Instrumentation,(06):214-215(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Xuxin,Fu Houli,Qin Zhe,Zhang Libo,Wang Guozhen.2017.Slope stability analysis of altered rocks under different saturated conditions[J].Geology and Exploration,53(1):151-156(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Xuxin,Qin Zhe,Fu Houli,Liu Xing,Li Sen.2018.Analysis on stability of water-saturation slopes based on cusp catastrophic model[J].Geology and Exploration,54(2):376-380(in Chinese with English abstract).
Du Gu,Wang Kunyang,Ran Jing,Wang feng,Pan Zhongshi.2014.The application of modern large-scale rock mineral identification technology by IR/SEM[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis,33(5):625-633(in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng Baiyan,Fu Houli,Qin Zhe,Niu Chuanxing,Qi Weilin.2016.Triaxial compression tests on altered rock at an open pit under waterrock interaction[J].Geology and Exploration,52(3):564-569(in Chinese with English abstract).
Gao Zhanhong,Xu Wenbo.2011.A case course of image processing based on MATLAB[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press:66-87(in Chinese with English abstract).
Guo Chenlong,Zhao Xuyang,Zheng Haiyan,Liang Xining.2018.Infrared image denoising method based on improved non-local means filter[J].Infrared Technology,40(07):638-641(in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang Jianbin,Li Qi.2017.Research and application of binarization algorithms gray-evel image under non-iform illumination[J].Metallurgical Industry Automation,41(02):62-65(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ma Lintao,Chen Deyong.2012.Gray symmetrization and edge detection of an image with matlab programming[J].Journal of Guangxi Teachers Education University:Natural Science Edition,29(2):37-42(in Chinese with English abstract).
Song Sensen,Jia Zhenhong,Yang Jie,Nikola KASABOV.2018.Image segmentation algorithm combined with Ostu threshold method.Computer Engineering and Applications of minimum spanning tree[J/OL].Computer engineering and application:http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2127.TP.20180628.0904.004.html(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tan Yi'an.1998.Analysis of fractured face of rock-burst with scanning electron microscope and its progressive failure process[J].Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society,8(2):41-48(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tian Wen,HuYurong.2018.Color image edge extraction algorithm based on co-ccurrence matrix coupled with Otsu threshold[J].Tournal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation,32(2):52-60(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Cong,Jiang Chengfa,Chu Wei.2013.Fractal dimension of coals and analysis of its influencing factors[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,42(6):1009-1013(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Feng'e,Zhu Changxing.2009.Realization of damage fractal dimensions of rock SEM image in the Matlab environment[J].Ship E-lectronic Engineering,29(08):144-146(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Yuexiang,Ji Feng,Gu Huanda,Ding Tianwen.2017.Fractal characteristics of natural sedimentary diatomaceous earth based on SEMimages[J].Hydro-Science and Enginffring,(05):96-102(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu Guoming,Li Xizhe,Gao Shu,Liu Huaxun,Wu Guoquan.2017.Optimal thresholding in carbonate reservoir CT image binarization based on fractal theory[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,52(05):1025-1032,881(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xie Heping.1992.Fractal geometry and its application in rock and soil mechanics[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,14(1):14-24(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang Pei,Chen Yanjin,Jia Jinfang,Yao Hehua,Ren Yangfu.2018.An improved fast iterative threshold selection algorithm for image segmentation[J].Journal of Qinhai University,36(3):35-39(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Cuifeng,Hao Lina,Wang Yuanjian,Zhang Zhi.2017.An image enhancement and lithology identification method based on Landsat8OLI data[J].Geology and Exploration,53(1):151-156(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Jieyu.2017.Binarization method with local threshold based on image blocks[J].Journal of Computer Applications,37(03):827-831(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Yongqiang,Yang Wendong,Chen Fang,Li Wengang,Wang Jianhong.2011.Long-term strength and microscopic failure mechanism of hard brittle rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,33(12):1910-1918(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Yongbin,Liu Jiali,Ji Jiao,Cao Yingju.2018.Texture analysis and object-oriented classification of open limestone mines[J].Geology and Exploration,54(2):348-357(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Zhizhen,Gao Feng,Gao Yanan,Xu Xiaoli,Hou Peng.2016.Fractal structure and model of pore size distribution of granite under high temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,35(12):2426-2438(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao Haiying,Yang Guangjun,Xu Zhengguang.2010.Comparison of calculation methods-based image fractal dimension[J].Computer Systems&Applications,20(3):238-241(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu Zhende,Zhang Yong,Xu Weiya,Xing Fudong,Wang Sijing.2005.Experimental studies and microcosmic mechanics analysis on marble rupture under high confining pressure and high hydraulic pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,21(1):44-51(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhou Pin.2013.MATLAB image processing and graphical user interface design[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press:140-172(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zuo Jing,Xu Weiya,Wang Huanling,Meng Qingxiang.2014.Fractal analysis of SEM image for rocks[J].Journal of China Three Gorges University(Natural Sciences),36(2):72-76(in Chinese with English abstract).
卜飞宇,祝青,王涛.2015.一种改进的基于最大类间方差的二值化方法[J].电脑知识与技术,11(05):188-189,195.
陈乐求,陈俊桦,张家生.2017.岩石力学性质的应变率效应试验[J].地质与勘探,53(5):1025-1031.
陈小改.2017.图像处理技术中Matlab方面的应用[J].自动化与仪器仪表,(06):214-215.
陈绪新,付厚利,秦哲,张立博,王国珍.2017.不同饱水条件下蚀变岩边坡稳定性分析[J].地质与勘探,,53(1):151-156.
陈绪新,秦哲,付厚利,刘兴,李森.2018.基于尖点突变模型饱水边坡稳定性分析[J].地质与勘探,54(2):376-380.
杜谷,王坤阳,冉敬,王风玉,潘忠习.2014.红外光谱/扫描电镜等现代大型一起岩石矿物鉴定技术机器应用[J].岩矿测试,33(5):625-633.
冯佰研,付厚利,秦哲,牛传星,亓伟林.2016.水岩作用下露天矿坑蚀变岩三轴压缩试验分析[J].地质与勘探,52(3):564-569.
高展宏,徐文波.2011.基于MATLAB的图像处理案例教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社:66-87.
郭晨龙,赵旭阳,郑海燕,梁锡宁.2018.一种基于改进非局部均值滤波算法的红外图像去噪[J].红外技术,40(07):638-641.
黄剑冰,奇复.2017.杂光照环境下的灰度图像二值化算法的研究及应用[J].冶金自动化,41(02):62-65.
马林涛,陈德勇.2012.基于Matlab程序的图像灰度均衡化及其边缘检测[J].广西师范学院学报:自然科学版,29(2):37-42.
宋森森,贾振红,杨杰,Nikola KASABOV.2018.结合Ostu阈值法的最小生成树图像分割算法[J/OL].计算机工程与应用:http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2127.TP.20180628.0904.004.html.
谭以俺.1998.岩爆岩石断口扫描电镜分析及岩爆渐进破坏过程[J].电子显微镜学报,8(2):41-48.
田雯,胡玉荣.2018.共生矩阵祸合Otsu阂值的彩色图像边缘提取算法[J].电子测量与仪器学报,32(2):52-60.
王聪,江成发,储伟.2013.煤的分形维数及其影响因素分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,42(6):1009-1013.
王凤娥,朱昌星.2009.Matlab环境下岩石SEM图像损伤分形维数的实现[J].舰船电子工程,29(08):144-146.
王月香,吉锋,顾欢达,丁建文.2017.基于SEM图像处理的天然硅藻土分形特征分析[J].水利水运工程学报,2017(05):96-102.
吴国铭,李熙%,高树生,刘华勋,吴国铨.2017.基于分形理论探究碳酸盐岩CT图像二值化最佳阈值[J].石油地球物理勘探,52(05):1025-1032,881.
谢和平.1992.分形几何及其在岩土力学中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,14(1):14-24.
杨培,陈沿锦,贾金芳,姚荷花,任洋甫.2018.一种改进的快速迭代阈值选择算法[J].青海大学学报,36(3):35-39.
张翠芬,郝利娜,王元俭,张志.2017.Landsat8 OLI图像增强与岩性识别方法[J].地质与勘探,53(2):325-333.
张洁玉.2017.基于图像分块的局部阈值二值化方法[J].计算机应用,37(03):827-831.
张强勇,杨文东,陈芳,李文纲,王建洪.2011.硬脆性岩石的流变长期强度及细观破裂机制分析研究[J].岩土工程学报,33(12):1910-1918.
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Chen Leqiu,Chen Junhua,Zhang Jiansheng.2017.Test of effects of strain rate on mechanical properties of rock[J].Geology and Exploration,53(5):1025-1031(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Xiaogai.2017.Application of Matlab in image processing technology[J].Automation&Instrumentation,(06):214-215(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Xuxin,Fu Houli,Qin Zhe,Zhang Libo,Wang Guozhen.2017.Slope stability analysis of altered rocks under different saturated conditions[J].Geology and Exploration,53(1):151-156(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Xuxin,Qin Zhe,Fu Houli,Liu Xing,Li Sen.2018.Analysis on stability of water-saturation slopes based on cusp catastrophic model[J].Geology and Exploration,54(2):376-380(in Chinese with English abstract).
Du Gu,Wang Kunyang,Ran Jing,Wang feng,Pan Zhongshi.2014.The application of modern large-scale rock mineral identification technology by IR/SEM[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis,33(5):625-633(in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng Baiyan,Fu Houli,Qin Zhe,Niu Chuanxing,Qi Weilin.2016.Triaxial compression tests on altered rock at an open pit under waterrock interaction[J].Geology and Exploration,52(3):564-569(in Chinese with English abstract).
Gao Zhanhong,Xu Wenbo.2011.A case course of image processing based on MATLAB[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press:66-87(in Chinese with English abstract).
Guo Chenlong,Zhao Xuyang,Zheng Haiyan,Liang Xining.2018.Infrared image denoising method based on improved non-local means filter[J].Infrared Technology,40(07):638-641(in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang Jianbin,Li Qi.2017.Research and application of binarization algorithms gray-evel image under non-iform illumination[J].Metallurgical Industry Automation,41(02):62-65(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ma Lintao,Chen Deyong.2012.Gray symmetrization and edge detection of an image with matlab programming[J].Journal of Guangxi Teachers Education University:Natural Science Edition,29(2):37-42(in Chinese with English abstract).
Song Sensen,Jia Zhenhong,Yang Jie,Nikola KASABOV.2018.Image segmentation algorithm combined with Ostu threshold method.Computer Engineering and Applications of minimum spanning tree[J/OL].Computer engineering and application:http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2127.TP.20180628.0904.004.html(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tan Yi'an.1998.Analysis of fractured face of rock-burst with scanning electron microscope and its progressive failure process[J].Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society,8(2):41-48(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tian Wen,HuYurong.2018.Color image edge extraction algorithm based on co-ccurrence matrix coupled with Otsu threshold[J].Tournal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation,32(2):52-60(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Cong,Jiang Chengfa,Chu Wei.2013.Fractal dimension of coals and analysis of its influencing factors[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,42(6):1009-1013(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Feng'e,Zhu Changxing.2009.Realization of damage fractal dimensions of rock SEM image in the Matlab environment[J].Ship E-lectronic Engineering,29(08):144-146(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Yuexiang,Ji Feng,Gu Huanda,Ding Tianwen.2017.Fractal characteristics of natural sedimentary diatomaceous earth based on SEMimages[J].Hydro-Science and Enginffring,(05):96-102(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu Guoming,Li Xizhe,Gao Shu,Liu Huaxun,Wu Guoquan.2017.Optimal thresholding in carbonate reservoir CT image binarization based on fractal theory[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,52(05):1025-1032,881(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xie Heping.1992.Fractal geometry and its application in rock and soil mechanics[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,14(1):14-24(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang Pei,Chen Yanjin,Jia Jinfang,Yao Hehua,Ren Yangfu.2018.An improved fast iterative threshold selection algorithm for image segmentation[J].Journal of Qinhai University,36(3):35-39(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Cuifeng,Hao Lina,Wang Yuanjian,Zhang Zhi.2017.An image enhancement and lithology identification method based on Landsat8OLI data[J].Geology and Exploration,53(1):151-156(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Jieyu.2017.Binarization method with local threshold based on image blocks[J].Journal of Computer Applications,37(03):827-831(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Yongqiang,Yang Wendong,Chen Fang,Li Wengang,Wang Jianhong.2011.Long-term strength and microscopic failure mechanism of hard brittle rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,33(12):1910-1918(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Yongbin,Liu Jiali,Ji Jiao,Cao Yingju.2018.Texture analysis and object-oriented classification of open limestone mines[J].Geology and Exploration,54(2):348-357(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Zhizhen,Gao Feng,Gao Yanan,Xu Xiaoli,Hou Peng.2016.Fractal structure and model of pore size distribution of granite under high temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,35(12):2426-2438(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao Haiying,Yang Guangjun,Xu Zhengguang.2010.Comparison of calculation methods-based image fractal dimension[J].Computer Systems&Applications,20(3):238-241(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu Zhende,Zhang Yong,Xu Weiya,Xing Fudong,Wang Sijing.2005.Experimental studies and microcosmic mechanics analysis on marble rupture under high confining pressure and high hydraulic pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,21(1):44-51(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhou Pin.2013.MATLAB image processing and graphical user interface design[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press:140-172(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zuo Jing,Xu Weiya,Wang Huanling,Meng Qingxiang.2014.Fractal analysis of SEM image for rocks[J].Journal of China Three Gorges University(Natural Sciences),36(2):72-76(in Chinese with English abstract).
卜飞宇,祝青,王涛.2015.一种改进的基于最大类间方差的二值化方法[J].电脑知识与技术,11(05):188-189,195.
陈乐求,陈俊桦,张家生.2017.岩石力学性质的应变率效应试验[J].地质与勘探,53(5):1025-1031.
陈小改.2017.图像处理技术中Matlab方面的应用[J].自动化与仪器仪表,(06):214-215.
陈绪新,付厚利,秦哲,张立博,王国珍.2017.不同饱水条件下蚀变岩边坡稳定性分析[J].地质与勘探,,53(1):151-156.
陈绪新,秦哲,付厚利,刘兴,李森.2018.基于尖点突变模型饱水边坡稳定性分析[J].地质与勘探,54(2):376-380.
杜谷,王坤阳,冉敬,王风玉,潘忠习.2014.红外光谱/扫描电镜等现代大型一起岩石矿物鉴定技术机器应用[J].岩矿测试,33(5):625-633.
冯佰研,付厚利,秦哲,牛传星,亓伟林.2016.水岩作用下露天矿坑蚀变岩三轴压缩试验分析[J].地质与勘探,52(3):564-569.
高展宏,徐文波.2011.基于MATLAB的图像处理案例教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社:66-87.
郭晨龙,赵旭阳,郑海燕,梁锡宁.2018.一种基于改进非局部均值滤波算法的红外图像去噪[J].红外技术,40(07):638-641.
黄剑冰,奇复.2017.杂光照环境下的灰度图像二值化算法的研究及应用[J].冶金自动化,41(02):62-65.
马林涛,陈德勇.2012.基于Matlab程序的图像灰度均衡化及其边缘检测[J].广西师范学院学报:自然科学版,29(2):37-42.
宋森森,贾振红,杨杰,Nikola KASABOV.2018.结合Ostu阈值法的最小生成树图像分割算法[J/OL].计算机工程与应用:http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2127.TP.20180628.0904.004.html.
谭以俺.1998.岩爆岩石断口扫描电镜分析及岩爆渐进破坏过程[J].电子显微镜学报,8(2):41-48.
田雯,胡玉荣.2018.共生矩阵祸合Otsu阂值的彩色图像边缘提取算法[J].电子测量与仪器学报,32(2):52-60.
王聪,江成发,储伟.2013.煤的分形维数及其影响因素分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,42(6):1009-1013.
王凤娥,朱昌星.2009.Matlab环境下岩石SEM图像损伤分形维数的实现[J].舰船电子工程,29(08):144-146.
王月香,吉锋,顾欢达,丁建文.2017.基于SEM图像处理的天然硅藻土分形特征分析[J].水利水运工程学报,2017(05):96-102.
吴国铭,李熙%,高树生,刘华勋,吴国铨.2017.基于分形理论探究碳酸盐岩CT图像二值化最佳阈值[J].石油地球物理勘探,52(05):1025-1032,881.
谢和平.1992.分形几何及其在岩土力学中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,14(1):14-24.
杨培,陈沿锦,贾金芳,姚荷花,任洋甫.2018.一种改进的快速迭代阈值选择算法[J].青海大学学报,36(3):35-39.
张翠芬,郝利娜,王元俭,张志.2017.Landsat8 OLI图像增强与岩性识别方法[J].地质与勘探,53(2):325-333.
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