紫云英荚果成熟度对落荚及种子产量的影响
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摘要
在紫云英(Astragalus sinicus L)结荚成熟期分期收获,测定不同时期荚果数量及自然落荚、扰动落荚、留枝荚果成熟度和籽粒产量,分析各因素对紫云英种子产量和质量的影响,为紫云英种子最佳收获期的确定提供依据。结果表明,紫云英荚果数量随生育期延长逐渐增加,总荚果数和留枝荚果数于盛花期后26d达最大值;自然落荚量随成熟度的升高显著增加,61.1%～88.8%荚果成熟时,自然落荚占总荚果数3.3%～24.1%,最高落荚损失占总产量的20.9%,自然落荚的荚果成熟度及千粒重显著高于留枝荚果和扰动落荚。在0～90%的成熟度区间内,单位成熟度对籽粒产量的影响为3.4至-1.1g·m~(-2),随成熟度升高,籽粒产量增长率降低。在群落荚果68.7%成熟时,种子产量最高达1 250kg·hm~(-2),花序消失可作为紫云英种子最佳收获期的表观群体信号。
In the mature period of Chinese milk vetch(CMV)(Astragalus sinicus L),the number of pods,maturing statues and seed yields of the pods which were natural-dropped,disturbed pods,harvestingdropped and on plant were measured to analyze the effects of factors on CMV seed yield,provides a basis for the determination of the optimal harvest time.The results showed that the number of total pods and the pods on plant increased with the growth period,reaching the maximum at 26 days after the full-bloom stage.The quantity of natural-dropped pods increased significantly with the increase of maturity 61.1%～88.8%,and the pod loss from nature-drop could reaches 3.3%～24.1% of the total,and the highest pod loss accounts for 20.9% of seed yield.The pod maturity and 1000-seed weight of nature-dropped pods were significantly higher than that of pods on plants and harvesting-dropped.Changes in seed yield along increases in the mature rate were between 3.4 and-1.1 g·m~(-2) within 0～90% mature rate range.The increase of seed yields per mature rate unit was lower while mature rate was higher.The highest seed yield(1 250 kg·hm~(-2))could be obtained when 68.7%pods of CMV community reaching full-maturity and the inflorescence just vanished.
In the mature period of Chinese milk vetch(CMV)(Astragalus sinicus L),the number of pods,maturing statues and seed yields of the pods which were natural-dropped,disturbed pods,harvestingdropped and on plant were measured to analyze the effects of factors on CMV seed yield,provides a basis for the determination of the optimal harvest time.The results showed that the number of total pods and the pods on plant increased with the growth period,reaching the maximum at 26 days after the full-bloom stage.The quantity of natural-dropped pods increased significantly with the increase of maturity 61.1%～88.8%,and the pod loss from nature-drop could reaches 3.3%～24.1% of the total,and the highest pod loss accounts for 20.9% of seed yield.The pod maturity and 1000-seed weight of nature-dropped pods were significantly higher than that of pods on plants and harvesting-dropped.Changes in seed yield along increases in the mature rate were between 3.4 and-1.1 g·m~(-2) within 0～90% mature rate range.The increase of seed yields per mature rate unit was lower while mature rate was higher.The highest seed yield(1 250 kg·hm~(-2))could be obtained when 68.7%pods of CMV community reaching full-maturity and the inflorescence just vanished.
引文
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[14]韩梅,张宏亮,郭石生,等.绿肥作物箭筈豌豆种质产量性状综合评价[J].作物杂志,2013(4):67-69
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[17]崔洪秋,冯乃杰,孙福东,等.DTA-6和S3307对大豆存留荚和脱落荚生理调控的效应[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(15):2921-2931
[18]蒋利,雍太文,张群,等.种植模式和施氮水平对大豆花荚脱落及产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2015,34(05):843-849
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[20]罗银全,罗贱良.粤肥二号紫云英栽培及综合利用技术[J].现代农业科技,2015,(19):245+248
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[23]林多胡,陈云平.福建省紫云英留种经验[J].福建农业科技,1985(5):25-26
[24]何春梅,钟少杰,王飞,等.紫云英新品系84(8)7-1-1扩繁表现及留种栽培技术[J].福建农业科技,2016(05):60-61
[25]聂军.紫云英留种栽培技术[N].湖南科技报,2011-08-30(5)
[26]曹卫东.绿肥种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007:13
[27]师尚礼.草类植物种子学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:198-200
[28]Cavalieri A,Lewis D W,Gulden R H.Pod drop and pod shatter are not closely related in canola[J].Crop Science,2014,54(3):1184-1188
[29]Gulden R H,Cavalieri A,Syrovy L D,et al.Pod drop in Brassica napus is linked to weight-adjusted pod-retention resistance[J].Field Crops Research,2017,205:34-44
[30]赵双进,唐晓东,赵鑫,等.大豆开花落花及时空分布的观察研究[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(08):1543-1554
[31]López-Bellido F J,Lopez-Bellido L O,López-Bellido R J.Competition,growth and yield of faba bean(Vicia faba L.)[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2005,23(4):359-378
[32]袁柱,孙彦,任逸,冯子蓉.叶面喷施芸苔素内酯对紫花苜蓿生长发育和种子产量的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(04):879-885
[33]曹刚,董慧,车钊,等.淹水胁迫对不同紫花苜蓿品种产量和品质的影响[J].草地学报,2017,25(01):135-141
[34]夏海鳌.紫云英留种与收获注意事项[J].湖南农业,2008(4):16
[2]焦彬.中国绿肥[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:303
[3]林多胡,顾荣申.中国紫云英[M].福州:福建科学技术出版社,2000:12,253-269
[4]颜志雷,方宇,陈济琛,等.连年翻压紫云英对稻田土壤养分和微生物学特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1151-1160
[5]刘春增,常单娜,李本银,等.种植翻压紫云英配施化肥对稻田土壤活性有机碳氮的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(03):657-669
[6]林新坚,曹卫东,吴一群,等.紫云英研究进展[J].草业科学,2011,28(01):135-140
[7]魏国维.紫云英的饲料价值[J].饲料工业,1997(2):36-37
[8]钟山,王美英.影响紫云英种子产量的气候因子分析[J].浙江农业科学,1986(06):267-269
[9]秦自果,刘威,李小坤,等.播种量对紫云英种子产量及其构成因素的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(20):4960-4962+4968
[10]刘春增,吕玉虎,李本银,等.不同播期对紫云英“信紫1号”生长状况、产量及养分积累的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(01):127-133
[11]郭晓彦,张丽霞,吕玉虎,等.喷施硼、钼肥对紫云英经济性状及种子产量的影响[J].安徽农学通报,2014,20(20):55-57
[12]黄庆海,徐小林,徐昌旭,等.丘陵旱地红壤上施用硼、锌和钼肥对紫云英种子产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013(02):75-79
[13]李莉,唐国权.紫云英茅山种的开花结荚特性及其影响因子的研究[J].土壤通报,1995(S1):68-69+67
[14]韩梅,张宏亮,郭石生,等.绿肥作物箭筈豌豆种质产量性状综合评价[J].作物杂志,2013(4):67-69
[15]Van-Roekel R J,Purcell L C,Salmer N M.Physiological and management factors contributing to soybean potential yield[J].Field Crops Research,2015,182:86-97
[16]Summerfield R J,Huxley P A,Dart P J,et al.Some effects of environmental stress on seed yield of cowpea(Vigna unguiculata(L.)Walp.)cv.Prima[J].Plant and Soil,1976,44(3):527-546
[17]崔洪秋,冯乃杰,孙福东,等.DTA-6和S3307对大豆存留荚和脱落荚生理调控的效应[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(15):2921-2931
[18]蒋利,雍太文,张群,等.种植模式和施氮水平对大豆花荚脱落及产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2015,34(05):843-849
[19]钟山.留种紫云英有效开花期、荚粒发育过程和收种适期的探讨[J].浙江农业科学,1978,(06):24-29+46
[20]罗银全,罗贱良.粤肥二号紫云英栽培及综合利用技术[J].现代农业科技,2015,(19):245+248
[21]杨钧发,姚本忠.湘西一季中稻区紫云英高产留种经验[J].湖南农业,2013(06):29
[22]吕玉虎,潘兹亮,张丽霞.紫云英高产栽培、压青及留种技术[J].种业导刊,2009(01):29-30
[23]林多胡,陈云平.福建省紫云英留种经验[J].福建农业科技,1985(5):25-26
[24]何春梅,钟少杰,王飞,等.紫云英新品系84(8)7-1-1扩繁表现及留种栽培技术[J].福建农业科技,2016(05):60-61
[25]聂军.紫云英留种栽培技术[N].湖南科技报,2011-08-30(5)
[26]曹卫东.绿肥种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007:13
[27]师尚礼.草类植物种子学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:198-200
[28]Cavalieri A,Lewis D W,Gulden R H.Pod drop and pod shatter are not closely related in canola[J].Crop Science,2014,54(3):1184-1188
[29]Gulden R H,Cavalieri A,Syrovy L D,et al.Pod drop in Brassica napus is linked to weight-adjusted pod-retention resistance[J].Field Crops Research,2017,205:34-44
[30]赵双进,唐晓东,赵鑫,等.大豆开花落花及时空分布的观察研究[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(08):1543-1554
[31]López-Bellido F J,Lopez-Bellido L O,López-Bellido R J.Competition,growth and yield of faba bean(Vicia faba L.)[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2005,23(4):359-378
[32]袁柱,孙彦,任逸,冯子蓉.叶面喷施芸苔素内酯对紫花苜蓿生长发育和种子产量的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(04):879-885
[33]曹刚,董慧,车钊,等.淹水胁迫对不同紫花苜蓿品种产量和品质的影响[J].草地学报,2017,25(01):135-141
[34]夏海鳌.紫云英留种与收获注意事项[J].湖南农业,2008(4):16
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