深层油气藏开发中的关键力学问题
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摘要
我国油气资源的分布格局表明:浅层和中浅层的勘探开发程度较高,但深层和超深层探明程度仍很低,是我国今后增储上产的主要阵地."三高"环境(高温、高压和高应力)是其主要特点,也是勘探开发面临的难题.目前,关于深层油气藏的研究仍局限于油气成藏动力学,亟需开展深层油气藏开采中的关键力学问题研究.对此,本文首先概述了深层油气资源和开发现状,随后基于深部地层的高温度、高压力、高地应力储层特征,系统论述了深层油气开发中的多物理场耦合流动动力学的过程与机制,归纳凝练出深层岩石力学特性、深层人工压裂的弹塑性裂缝扩展以及深层油气藏热流固耦合渗流等方面是亟需解决的关键前沿力学问题,并针对各前沿关键力学问题综述了研究进展和发展趋势,对促进我国深层油气资源的高效开发具有一定的指导意义.
The distribution pattern of oil and gas resources in China shows that as the exploration and development degree of oil and gas reservoirs in shallow and middle layers is relatively high, deep and ultra-deep oil and gas resources, whose identified rate are still very low, are of great significance to reserve growth and production stabilization of China. The main characteristics of deep oil and gas reservoir are high temperature, high pressure and high stress("three high"), which are also the great problems in the process of exploration and development. At present, the research on deep oil and gas reservoirs is limited to hydrocarbon accumulation dynamics. It is urgent to carry out research on key mechanical problems in the development of deep oil and gas reservoirs. In this paper, deep oil and gas resources and development situation are outlined briefly. Based on the characteristics of high temperature, high pressure and high stress in deep formation, mechanisms of multi-physics field coupled flow dynamics in the exploitation of deep oil and gas are reviewed systematically, and it is concluded that rock mechanics at great depth, elasto-plastic artificial fracture propagation mechanism and fully-coupled thermal-hydro-mechanical processes in porous media are key frontier mechanical problems to be solved in the development of deep oil and gas reservoirs. Research approaches are proposed, which promotes the development of energy, especially has significant impact on the effective exploitation of deep oil and gas reservoirs in China.
The distribution pattern of oil and gas resources in China shows that as the exploration and development degree of oil and gas reservoirs in shallow and middle layers is relatively high, deep and ultra-deep oil and gas resources, whose identified rate are still very low, are of great significance to reserve growth and production stabilization of China. The main characteristics of deep oil and gas reservoir are high temperature, high pressure and high stress("three high"), which are also the great problems in the process of exploration and development. At present, the research on deep oil and gas reservoirs is limited to hydrocarbon accumulation dynamics. It is urgent to carry out research on key mechanical problems in the development of deep oil and gas reservoirs. In this paper, deep oil and gas resources and development situation are outlined briefly. Based on the characteristics of high temperature, high pressure and high stress in deep formation, mechanisms of multi-physics field coupled flow dynamics in the exploitation of deep oil and gas are reviewed systematically, and it is concluded that rock mechanics at great depth, elasto-plastic artificial fracture propagation mechanism and fully-coupled thermal-hydro-mechanical processes in porous media are key frontier mechanical problems to be solved in the development of deep oil and gas reservoirs. Research approaches are proposed, which promotes the development of energy, especially has significant impact on the effective exploitation of deep oil and gas reservoirs in China.
引文
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