行距和播种量对黄淮海平原紫花苜蓿产草量及品质的影响
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摘要
通过连续两年的田间试验,研究了行距、播种量对黄淮海平原紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)干草产量及品质相关指标的影响。结果表明,20cm的行间距具有最高产量18.32t·hm-2;播种量差异对产量的影响并未达到显著水平(P>0.05);行间距对粗蛋白和相对饲用价值的影响达到显著水平(P<0.05),20cm的行间距具有最高粗蛋白含量和最高相对饲用价值。随着播种量增大、行间距减小,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维下降,每平米枝条数增加。单株枝条重、株高、直径、干鲜比和茎叶比等指标在不同播种量间具有显著差异,在不同行距间的差异并不显著。7.5kg·hm-2的播种量具有最大单株枝条重、株高和直径。产量和每平米枝条数呈显著正相关关系,每平米枝条数与单株枝条重呈显著负相关关系。
A two-year field experiment was conducted in Huang Huai Hai Plain.We aimed to determine the effect of between-row spacing and seeding rate on alfalfa(Medicago sativa)hay yield and yield-related indices.The results showed that a between-row spacing of 20 cm had the highest hay yield of 18.32 t·ha-1.The effect of seeding rate on yield was not significant(P>0.05).With increase in sowing rate and decrease in betweenrow spacing,crude protein increased,and neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber decreased.The relative feeding value and branch per square meter increased with increase in sowing rate and decrease in betweenrow spacing.Single branch weight was significantly different between different seeding rates,but it was not significantly different between different between-row spaces.Plant height,diameter,dry/fresh weight,and stem/leaf ratio showed significant differences among different seeding rates;however,the effect of betweenrow spacing was not significant.
A two-year field experiment was conducted in Huang Huai Hai Plain.We aimed to determine the effect of between-row spacing and seeding rate on alfalfa(Medicago sativa)hay yield and yield-related indices.The results showed that a between-row spacing of 20 cm had the highest hay yield of 18.32 t·ha-1.The effect of seeding rate on yield was not significant(P>0.05).With increase in sowing rate and decrease in betweenrow spacing,crude protein increased,and neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber decreased.The relative feeding value and branch per square meter increased with increase in sowing rate and decrease in betweenrow spacing.Single branch weight was significantly different between different seeding rates,but it was not significantly different between different between-row spaces.Plant height,diameter,dry/fresh weight,and stem/leaf ratio showed significant differences among different seeding rates;however,the effect of betweenrow spacing was not significant.
引文
[1]魏永鹏,南丽丽,于闯,付双军.种植密度和行距配置对紫花苜蓿群体产量及品质的影响.草业科学,2017,34(9):1898-1905.WEI Y P,NAN L L,YU C,FU S J.Effects of sowing density and row spacing on yield and quality of alfalfa.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(9):1898-1905.
[2]王莹,段学义,张胜昌,段晓丽,杨慧玲,钱宝玲.紫花苜蓿播种密度对草产量及其他生物学性状的影响.草业科学,2011,28(7):1400-1402.WANG Y,DUAN X Y,ZHANG S C,DUAN X L,YANG H L,QIAN B L.Influence of planting density on grass yield and other biological properties of Medicago sativa.Pratacultural Science,2011,28(7):1400-1402.
[3]王彦华.播种量和品种对紫花苜蓿植株动态变化与生产性能的影响.郑州:河南农业大学博士学位论文,2017.WANG Y H.Effects of seeding rate and variety on dynamic changes of plant population and production performance of alfalfa.PHD Thesis.Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2017.
[4]刘东霞,刘贵河,杨志敏.种植及收获因子对紫花苜蓿干草产量和茎叶比的影响.草业学报,2015,24(3):48-57.LIU D X,LIU G H,YANG Z M.The effects of planting and harvesting factors on hay yield and stem-leaf ratio of Medicago sativa.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(3):48-57.
[5]陈述明,李卫军,李雪锋.密度对苜蓿生长发育及种子产量的影响.新疆农业科学,2005,42(3):189-191.CHEN S M,LI W J,LI X F.Effect of planting space on growth and seed yield of alfalfa.Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2005,42(3):189-191.
[6]季婧,多田琦,梅错,邝肖,崔国文,黄岩,胡国富.混播比例对紫花苜蓿/无芒雀麦青贮品质的影响.中国草地学报,2017,39(2):19-25.JI J,DUO T Q,MEI C,KUANG X,CUI G W,HUANG Y,HU G F.Effect of mix-sowing ratio on silgao quality of Medicago sativa L.and Bromus inermis Leyss.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2017,39(2):19-25.
[7] MATTERA J,ROMERO L A.,CUATRN A L,CORNAGLIA P S,GRIMOLDI A A.Yield components,light interception and radiation use efficiency of lucerne(Medicago sativa L.)in response to row spacing.European Journal of Agronomy,2013,45:87-95.
[8]王彦华,李德锋,齐胜利,王成章,高永革,郑春雷,李鹏飞.播种量和品种对紫花苜蓿分枝数和株高的影响.草业学报,2017,26(3):183-190.WANG Y H,LI D F,QI S L,WANG C Z,GAO Y G,ZHENG C L,LI P F.Effects of seeding rate and variety on branch number and plant height of alfalfa.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(3):183-190.
[9]舒朝成,刘彤,王倩,于成,庞晓攀,郭正刚,刘慧霞.不同盐浓度下播种量对紫花苜蓿植物学特性的影响.草业科学,2017,34(9):1889-1897.SHU C C,LIU T,WANG Q,YU C,PANG X P,GUO Z G,LIU H X.Effects of seeding rate on botanical characteristics of Medicago sativa under different salt concentration.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(9):1889-1897.
[10]潘佳.黄土高原区紫花苜蓿高效种植技术研究.兰州:兰州大学硕士学位论文,2017.PAN J.Cultivation techniques of alfalfa on the Loess Plateau.Master Thesis.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2017.
[11] ZHANG T,WANG X,HAN J,WANG Y,MAO P,MAJERUS M.Effects of between-row and within-row spacing on alfalfa seed yields.Crop Science,2008,48(2):794-803.
[12] ZHANG W,XIA F,LI Y,WANG M,MAO P.Influence of year and row spacing on yield component and seed yield in alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.).Legume Research:An International Journal,2017,40(2):325-330.
[13] ABADOUZ G,GORTTAPEH A H,RAHNEMA A A,BEHRADFAR A.Effect of row spacing and seeding rate on yield component and seed yield of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.).Notulae Scientia Biologicae,2010,2(1):74.
[14]李新乐,穆怀彬,侯向阳,李西良.水、磷对紫花苜蓿产量及水肥利用效率的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1161-1167.LI X L,MU H B,HOU X Y,LI X L.Effects of irrigation and phosphorus fertilization on alfalfa yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2014,20(5):1161-1167.
[15]祁翠兰,武得礼.灌溉条件下不同紫花苜蓿品种生长动态模型及其类型.草业科学,2017,34(3):556-564.QI C L,WU D L.Growth model and classification of different alfalfa varieties under irrigation conditions.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(3):556-564.
[16]舒朝成,刘彤,王倩,于成,庞晓攀,郭正刚,刘慧霞.不同盐浓度下播种量对紫花苜蓿植物学特性的影响.草业科学,2017,34(9):1889-1897.SHU C C,LIU T,WANG Q,YU C,PANG X P,GUO Z G,LIU H X.Effects of seeding rate on botanical characteristics of Medicago sativa under different salt concentration.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(9):1889-1897.
[17]苗福泓,王惠,孙娟,于萌,刘洪庆,杨国锋.鲁东南地区不同年龄紫花苜蓿营养品质的变化.中国草地学报,2017,39(5):46-53.MIAO F H,WANG H,SUN J,YU M,LIU H Q,YANG G F.The research of nutritional quality of alfalfa at different ages in southeast Shandong area.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2017,39(5):46-53.
[18]张大龙,张军良,黄东,李娜,李建明.播种密度与生长时间对豌豆芽苗菜产量及品质的影响.西北农业学报,2012,21(7):123-126.ZHANG D L,ZHANG J L,HUANG D,LI N,LI J M.Effects of the sowing density and growth time on the yield and quality of pea sprouts.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2012,21(7):123-126.
[19] LAMB J A F S,JUNG H J G,RIDAY H.Growth environment,harvest management and germplasm impacts on potential ethanol and crude protein yield in alfalfa.Biomass and Bioenergy,2014,63:114-125.
[20]张晓娜,宋书红,陈志飞,张莹,杨云贵.紫花苜蓿叶、茎产量及品质动态.草业科学,2016,33(4):713-721.ZHANG X N,SONG S H,CHEN Z F,ZHANG Y,YANG Y G.Effects of growth stage on yield and quality of leaf and stem.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(4):713-721.
[21] VOLENEC J J,CHERNEY J H,JOHNSON K D.Yield components,plant morphology,and forage quality of alfalfa as influenced by plant population 1.Crop Science,1987,27(2):321-326.
[22]张晓庆,李维红,金艳梅,李薇,赵海霞.麻叶荨麻的养分积累及饲用品质评价.中国草地学报,2010,32(1):116-120.ZHANG X Q,LI W H,JIN Y M,LI W,ZHAO H X.Accumulation of nutrients and the feed quality evaluation of hempleaf nettle(Urtica cannabina L.).Chinese Journal of Grassland,2010,32(1):116-120.
[23]王钊.种植密度对草原3号杂花苜蓿生长发育的影响.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2008.WANG Z.The effects of plant densities on the development Medicago varia Martin.cv.Caoyuan No.3.Master Thesis.Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricural University,2008.
[2]王莹,段学义,张胜昌,段晓丽,杨慧玲,钱宝玲.紫花苜蓿播种密度对草产量及其他生物学性状的影响.草业科学,2011,28(7):1400-1402.WANG Y,DUAN X Y,ZHANG S C,DUAN X L,YANG H L,QIAN B L.Influence of planting density on grass yield and other biological properties of Medicago sativa.Pratacultural Science,2011,28(7):1400-1402.
[3]王彦华.播种量和品种对紫花苜蓿植株动态变化与生产性能的影响.郑州:河南农业大学博士学位论文,2017.WANG Y H.Effects of seeding rate and variety on dynamic changes of plant population and production performance of alfalfa.PHD Thesis.Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2017.
[4]刘东霞,刘贵河,杨志敏.种植及收获因子对紫花苜蓿干草产量和茎叶比的影响.草业学报,2015,24(3):48-57.LIU D X,LIU G H,YANG Z M.The effects of planting and harvesting factors on hay yield and stem-leaf ratio of Medicago sativa.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(3):48-57.
[5]陈述明,李卫军,李雪锋.密度对苜蓿生长发育及种子产量的影响.新疆农业科学,2005,42(3):189-191.CHEN S M,LI W J,LI X F.Effect of planting space on growth and seed yield of alfalfa.Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2005,42(3):189-191.
[6]季婧,多田琦,梅错,邝肖,崔国文,黄岩,胡国富.混播比例对紫花苜蓿/无芒雀麦青贮品质的影响.中国草地学报,2017,39(2):19-25.JI J,DUO T Q,MEI C,KUANG X,CUI G W,HUANG Y,HU G F.Effect of mix-sowing ratio on silgao quality of Medicago sativa L.and Bromus inermis Leyss.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2017,39(2):19-25.
[7] MATTERA J,ROMERO L A.,CUATRN A L,CORNAGLIA P S,GRIMOLDI A A.Yield components,light interception and radiation use efficiency of lucerne(Medicago sativa L.)in response to row spacing.European Journal of Agronomy,2013,45:87-95.
[8]王彦华,李德锋,齐胜利,王成章,高永革,郑春雷,李鹏飞.播种量和品种对紫花苜蓿分枝数和株高的影响.草业学报,2017,26(3):183-190.WANG Y H,LI D F,QI S L,WANG C Z,GAO Y G,ZHENG C L,LI P F.Effects of seeding rate and variety on branch number and plant height of alfalfa.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(3):183-190.
[9]舒朝成,刘彤,王倩,于成,庞晓攀,郭正刚,刘慧霞.不同盐浓度下播种量对紫花苜蓿植物学特性的影响.草业科学,2017,34(9):1889-1897.SHU C C,LIU T,WANG Q,YU C,PANG X P,GUO Z G,LIU H X.Effects of seeding rate on botanical characteristics of Medicago sativa under different salt concentration.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(9):1889-1897.
[10]潘佳.黄土高原区紫花苜蓿高效种植技术研究.兰州:兰州大学硕士学位论文,2017.PAN J.Cultivation techniques of alfalfa on the Loess Plateau.Master Thesis.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2017.
[11] ZHANG T,WANG X,HAN J,WANG Y,MAO P,MAJERUS M.Effects of between-row and within-row spacing on alfalfa seed yields.Crop Science,2008,48(2):794-803.
[12] ZHANG W,XIA F,LI Y,WANG M,MAO P.Influence of year and row spacing on yield component and seed yield in alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.).Legume Research:An International Journal,2017,40(2):325-330.
[13] ABADOUZ G,GORTTAPEH A H,RAHNEMA A A,BEHRADFAR A.Effect of row spacing and seeding rate on yield component and seed yield of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.).Notulae Scientia Biologicae,2010,2(1):74.
[14]李新乐,穆怀彬,侯向阳,李西良.水、磷对紫花苜蓿产量及水肥利用效率的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1161-1167.LI X L,MU H B,HOU X Y,LI X L.Effects of irrigation and phosphorus fertilization on alfalfa yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2014,20(5):1161-1167.
[15]祁翠兰,武得礼.灌溉条件下不同紫花苜蓿品种生长动态模型及其类型.草业科学,2017,34(3):556-564.QI C L,WU D L.Growth model and classification of different alfalfa varieties under irrigation conditions.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(3):556-564.
[16]舒朝成,刘彤,王倩,于成,庞晓攀,郭正刚,刘慧霞.不同盐浓度下播种量对紫花苜蓿植物学特性的影响.草业科学,2017,34(9):1889-1897.SHU C C,LIU T,WANG Q,YU C,PANG X P,GUO Z G,LIU H X.Effects of seeding rate on botanical characteristics of Medicago sativa under different salt concentration.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(9):1889-1897.
[17]苗福泓,王惠,孙娟,于萌,刘洪庆,杨国锋.鲁东南地区不同年龄紫花苜蓿营养品质的变化.中国草地学报,2017,39(5):46-53.MIAO F H,WANG H,SUN J,YU M,LIU H Q,YANG G F.The research of nutritional quality of alfalfa at different ages in southeast Shandong area.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2017,39(5):46-53.
[18]张大龙,张军良,黄东,李娜,李建明.播种密度与生长时间对豌豆芽苗菜产量及品质的影响.西北农业学报,2012,21(7):123-126.ZHANG D L,ZHANG J L,HUANG D,LI N,LI J M.Effects of the sowing density and growth time on the yield and quality of pea sprouts.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2012,21(7):123-126.
[19] LAMB J A F S,JUNG H J G,RIDAY H.Growth environment,harvest management and germplasm impacts on potential ethanol and crude protein yield in alfalfa.Biomass and Bioenergy,2014,63:114-125.
[20]张晓娜,宋书红,陈志飞,张莹,杨云贵.紫花苜蓿叶、茎产量及品质动态.草业科学,2016,33(4):713-721.ZHANG X N,SONG S H,CHEN Z F,ZHANG Y,YANG Y G.Effects of growth stage on yield and quality of leaf and stem.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(4):713-721.
[21] VOLENEC J J,CHERNEY J H,JOHNSON K D.Yield components,plant morphology,and forage quality of alfalfa as influenced by plant population 1.Crop Science,1987,27(2):321-326.
[22]张晓庆,李维红,金艳梅,李薇,赵海霞.麻叶荨麻的养分积累及饲用品质评价.中国草地学报,2010,32(1):116-120.ZHANG X Q,LI W H,JIN Y M,LI W,ZHAO H X.Accumulation of nutrients and the feed quality evaluation of hempleaf nettle(Urtica cannabina L.).Chinese Journal of Grassland,2010,32(1):116-120.
[23]王钊.种植密度对草原3号杂花苜蓿生长发育的影响.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2008.WANG Z.The effects of plant densities on the development Medicago varia Martin.cv.Caoyuan No.3.Master Thesis.Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricural University,2008.
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