内蒙古黄芪产业化现状、问题及对策建议
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摘要
内蒙古是黄芪道地产区,栽培历史悠久,种植优势突出,知名度高。近几年,由于野生黄芪资源遭到掠夺式采挖,栽培黄芪成为商品芪的主要来源。但黄芪种质资源研究开发、加工利用不足,栽培种质混乱混杂,人工选育工作滞后,无优良品种品系,种质资源已成为制约黄芪产业化发展的主要瓶颈。本综述阐述了中国黄芪种质资源分布、黄芪品种资源研究与应用,简要分析了内蒙古黄芪产业优势和前景。在此基础上,剖析了内蒙古黄芪产业化存在的主要问题:黄芪基础研究不足,新品种缺失;种子种苗培育不规范,标准化程度不高;种植技术落后,水平参差不齐;种植规模小,标准化程度低;深加工层次低,转化增值能力弱。最后从种质资源培育、种子种苗繁育和规范化生产等方面,提出了黄芪产业化发展的对策建议,以期推动内蒙古作为传统道地产区做大做强黄芪产业。
Inner Mongolia is a genuine producing area for Radix astragali, which has a long history of cultivation,prominent advantages and high popularity. In recent years, as wild Radix astragali resources have been plundered,cultivated Radix astragali become the main source for commodity. However, the deficiency in the research and development, and processing and utilization, the chaos and confusion in germplasm, delay in artificial breeding work and no good varieties and germplasm resources have become the main bottleneck of the development of Radix astragali industrialization. This paper expounded the distribution of Radix astragali germplasm resources,and the research and application of its variety resources in China, and briefly analyzed the advantages and prospects of Radix astragali industry in Inner Mongolia. On this basis, this study investigated the main problems in Radix astragali industrialization in Inner Mongolia: the fundamental research of Radix astragali was insufficient,the new variety lacked, the cultivation of seed seedlings was not qualified, and the degree of standardization was not high. In addition, the planting technology was backward and the level was uneven, the planting scale was small and the standardization degree was low, the deep processing level was low, and the transformation value-added ability was weak. Finally, from the cultivation of germplasm resources, seedling breeding, standardized production and other aspects, the paper put forward the countermeasures and suggestions for Radix astragali industrialization development, with a view to promote Inner Mongolia as a traditional authentic producing area to strengthen the Radix astragali industry.
Inner Mongolia is a genuine producing area for Radix astragali, which has a long history of cultivation,prominent advantages and high popularity. In recent years, as wild Radix astragali resources have been plundered,cultivated Radix astragali become the main source for commodity. However, the deficiency in the research and development, and processing and utilization, the chaos and confusion in germplasm, delay in artificial breeding work and no good varieties and germplasm resources have become the main bottleneck of the development of Radix astragali industrialization. This paper expounded the distribution of Radix astragali germplasm resources,and the research and application of its variety resources in China, and briefly analyzed the advantages and prospects of Radix astragali industry in Inner Mongolia. On this basis, this study investigated the main problems in Radix astragali industrialization in Inner Mongolia: the fundamental research of Radix astragali was insufficient,the new variety lacked, the cultivation of seed seedlings was not qualified, and the degree of standardization was not high. In addition, the planting technology was backward and the level was uneven, the planting scale was small and the standardization degree was low, the deep processing level was low, and the transformation value-added ability was weak. Finally, from the cultivation of germplasm resources, seedling breeding, standardized production and other aspects, the paper put forward the countermeasures and suggestions for Radix astragali industrialization development, with a view to promote Inner Mongolia as a traditional authentic producing area to strengthen the Radix astragali industry.
引文
Bai J.R.,He M.T.,Qi C.L.,Yuan Q.,Li Y.G.,and Sa R.,1990,Callus induction and plantlet regeneration from hypocotyl of Astragalus mongolicus,Zhiwu Shenglixue Tongxun(Plant Physiology Communications),(5):42-44(白静仁,何茂泰,祁翠兰,袁清,李永干,萨仁,1990,蒙古黄芪下胚轴愈伤组织诱导与再生植株,植物生理学通讯,(5):42-44)
Cao J.J.,2006,Study on idioplasm resource of Chinese traditional medicine Astragalus and on effects of environmental factors on quality,Thesis for M.S.,Northwest A and F University,Supervisor:Liang Z.S.,pp.2(曹建军,2006,中药黄芪种质资源及环境因素对品质的影响,硕士学位论文,西北农林科技大学,导师:梁宗锁,pp.2)
Chen L.L.,Gao S.L.,and Zhao H.N.,2006,Studies on tissue culture of Astragalus membranaceus Bge.,Yaowu Shengwu Jishu(Pharmaceutical Biotechnology),13(6):413-417(陈兰兰,高山林,赵慧娜,2006,蒙古黄芪组织培养及同源四倍体的诱导与鉴定,药物生物技术,13(6):413-417)
Hirotani M.,Zhou Y.,Lui H.,and Furuya T.,1994,Astragalosides from hairy root cultures of Astragalus membranaceus,Phytochem.,36(3):665-670
Hu Z.B.,Zheng Z.R.,Li X.P.,and Liu D.,1998,Establishment of hairy root cultures of Astragalus membranaceus and the extrinsic factors affecting their growth,Zhiwu Xuebao(Acta Botanica Sinica),40(5):448-452(胡之壁,郑志仁,李幸平,刘涤,1998,膜荚黄芪毛状根培养系统的建立和外界因子对其生长的影响,植物学报,40(5):448-452)
Liu X.R.,Yang N.,Wang C.M.,Shang H.S.,Wang S.X.,and Wang X.Z.,2013,Study on RAPD of two new breeding Astragalus membranaceus varieties(strains),Ganshu Nongye Keji(Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology),(3):3-5(刘效瑞,杨宁,王春明,尚虎山,汪淑霞,王兴政,2013,2个新育成黄芪品种(系)的RAPD研究,甘肃农业科技,(3):3-5)
Liu Y.J.,2011,Establishment of suspended cell line and effect of methyl jasmonate on the flavonoids content of Astragalus mongholieus Bge.,Thesis for M.S.,Inner Mongolia University,Supervisor:Chen G.L.,pp.28(刘雅静,2011,蒙古黄芪悬浮细胞系的建立及茉莉酸甲酯对其黄酮含量的调控硕士学位论文,内蒙古大学,导师:陈贵林,pp.28)
Peng J.S.,Zhao S.J.,Wu X.J.,Liu D.,Hu Z.B.,and Xu Z.K.2000,c DNA cloning and structural analysis of granulebound starch synthase gene of hairy roots of Astragalus membranaceus,Zhiwu Xuebao(Acta Botanica Sinica),42(9):940-945(彭佶松,赵淑娟,吴晓俊,刘涤,胡之璧,许政暟2000,黄芪毛状根GBSSI基因c DNA克隆及其结构分析植物学报,42(9):940-945)
Wang F.S.,Shang H.S.,and Pan X.C.,2016,Cultivation and standardized technology research on a new Astragalus variety of Longqi 4,Zhongyaocai(Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials),39(9):1930-1934(王富胜,尚虎山,潘晓春,2016黄芪良种陇芪4号选育及标准化栽培技术研究,中药材39(9):1930-1934)
Wu S.Q.,Zu Y.G.,Guan Q.J.,and Wu J.R.,2010,Cloning and sequence analysis of a novel phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene from Astragalus membranaceus,Zhongcaoyao(Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs),41(3):456-460(吴松权祖元刚,管清杰,吴基日,2010,膜荚黄芪苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因的克隆与序列分析,中草药,41(3):456-460)
Wu Y.X.,Gao J.P.,and Zhao X.M.,2003,Induction and identification of polyploidy of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus,Zhongyaocai(Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials),26(5):315-316(吴玉香,高建平,赵晓明,2003,黄芪多倍体的诱导与鉴定,中药材,26(5):315-316)
Zhang Q.,Yu Y.J.,Jia L.,Leng X.,Liu Z.,Zhang X.M.,Fan S.N.,and Zhao D.L.,2014,Establishment of regenerated plantlets system from callus of Astragalus mongholieus(Fisch)Bunge,Beijing Nongxueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture),29(3):18-20(张强,于亚军,贾岭,冷新,刘筝,张晓敏,范胜南,赵东利,2014,膜荚黄芪(Astragalus mongholieus(Fisch)Bunge)组织培养再生体系的建立,北京农学院学报,29(3):18-20)
Zhao Y.Z.,2006,Taxonomy and floristic geographical distribution of the Chinese medicinal Huangqi,Zhiwu Yanjiu(Bulletin of Botanical Research),26(5):532-538(赵一之,2006,中药黄芪植物分类及其区系地理分布研究,植物研究,26(5):532-538)
Zheng Z.R.,Peng J.S.,Liu D.,and Hu Z.B.,1997,The mass cultures of the hairy roots of Astragalus membranaceus,Zhiwu Shenglixue Tongxun(Plant Physiology Communications),33(2):133-134(郑志仁,彭佶松,刘涤,胡之壁,1997,黄芪毛状根的大量培养,植物生理学通讯,33(2):133-134)
Cao J.J.,2006,Study on idioplasm resource of Chinese traditional medicine Astragalus and on effects of environmental factors on quality,Thesis for M.S.,Northwest A and F University,Supervisor:Liang Z.S.,pp.2(曹建军,2006,中药黄芪种质资源及环境因素对品质的影响,硕士学位论文,西北农林科技大学,导师:梁宗锁,pp.2)
Chen L.L.,Gao S.L.,and Zhao H.N.,2006,Studies on tissue culture of Astragalus membranaceus Bge.,Yaowu Shengwu Jishu(Pharmaceutical Biotechnology),13(6):413-417(陈兰兰,高山林,赵慧娜,2006,蒙古黄芪组织培养及同源四倍体的诱导与鉴定,药物生物技术,13(6):413-417)
Hirotani M.,Zhou Y.,Lui H.,and Furuya T.,1994,Astragalosides from hairy root cultures of Astragalus membranaceus,Phytochem.,36(3):665-670
Hu Z.B.,Zheng Z.R.,Li X.P.,and Liu D.,1998,Establishment of hairy root cultures of Astragalus membranaceus and the extrinsic factors affecting their growth,Zhiwu Xuebao(Acta Botanica Sinica),40(5):448-452(胡之壁,郑志仁,李幸平,刘涤,1998,膜荚黄芪毛状根培养系统的建立和外界因子对其生长的影响,植物学报,40(5):448-452)
Liu X.R.,Yang N.,Wang C.M.,Shang H.S.,Wang S.X.,and Wang X.Z.,2013,Study on RAPD of two new breeding Astragalus membranaceus varieties(strains),Ganshu Nongye Keji(Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology),(3):3-5(刘效瑞,杨宁,王春明,尚虎山,汪淑霞,王兴政,2013,2个新育成黄芪品种(系)的RAPD研究,甘肃农业科技,(3):3-5)
Liu Y.J.,2011,Establishment of suspended cell line and effect of methyl jasmonate on the flavonoids content of Astragalus mongholieus Bge.,Thesis for M.S.,Inner Mongolia University,Supervisor:Chen G.L.,pp.28(刘雅静,2011,蒙古黄芪悬浮细胞系的建立及茉莉酸甲酯对其黄酮含量的调控硕士学位论文,内蒙古大学,导师:陈贵林,pp.28)
Peng J.S.,Zhao S.J.,Wu X.J.,Liu D.,Hu Z.B.,and Xu Z.K.2000,c DNA cloning and structural analysis of granulebound starch synthase gene of hairy roots of Astragalus membranaceus,Zhiwu Xuebao(Acta Botanica Sinica),42(9):940-945(彭佶松,赵淑娟,吴晓俊,刘涤,胡之璧,许政暟2000,黄芪毛状根GBSSI基因c DNA克隆及其结构分析植物学报,42(9):940-945)
Wang F.S.,Shang H.S.,and Pan X.C.,2016,Cultivation and standardized technology research on a new Astragalus variety of Longqi 4,Zhongyaocai(Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials),39(9):1930-1934(王富胜,尚虎山,潘晓春,2016黄芪良种陇芪4号选育及标准化栽培技术研究,中药材39(9):1930-1934)
Wu S.Q.,Zu Y.G.,Guan Q.J.,and Wu J.R.,2010,Cloning and sequence analysis of a novel phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene from Astragalus membranaceus,Zhongcaoyao(Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs),41(3):456-460(吴松权祖元刚,管清杰,吴基日,2010,膜荚黄芪苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因的克隆与序列分析,中草药,41(3):456-460)
Wu Y.X.,Gao J.P.,and Zhao X.M.,2003,Induction and identification of polyploidy of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus,Zhongyaocai(Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials),26(5):315-316(吴玉香,高建平,赵晓明,2003,黄芪多倍体的诱导与鉴定,中药材,26(5):315-316)
Zhang Q.,Yu Y.J.,Jia L.,Leng X.,Liu Z.,Zhang X.M.,Fan S.N.,and Zhao D.L.,2014,Establishment of regenerated plantlets system from callus of Astragalus mongholieus(Fisch)Bunge,Beijing Nongxueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture),29(3):18-20(张强,于亚军,贾岭,冷新,刘筝,张晓敏,范胜南,赵东利,2014,膜荚黄芪(Astragalus mongholieus(Fisch)Bunge)组织培养再生体系的建立,北京农学院学报,29(3):18-20)
Zhao Y.Z.,2006,Taxonomy and floristic geographical distribution of the Chinese medicinal Huangqi,Zhiwu Yanjiu(Bulletin of Botanical Research),26(5):532-538(赵一之,2006,中药黄芪植物分类及其区系地理分布研究,植物研究,26(5):532-538)
Zheng Z.R.,Peng J.S.,Liu D.,and Hu Z.B.,1997,The mass cultures of the hairy roots of Astragalus membranaceus,Zhiwu Shenglixue Tongxun(Plant Physiology Communications),33(2):133-134(郑志仁,彭佶松,刘涤,胡之壁,1997,黄芪毛状根的大量培养,植物生理学通讯,33(2):133-134)
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