基于传输线时域理论的同轴线中雷电波传播分析
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摘要
针对雷电波在同轴线中传播特性的问题,通过对同轴线的暂态响应的理论分析,利用理论与试验相结合的方法,研究了同轴线对1.2/50μs雷电波的暂态响应.结果表明:线终端负载上的信号由所传输信号的频率成分以及波导终端阻抗性质决定;1.2/50μs雷电波信号频谱存在高于同轴线截止频率的成分,终端阻抗匹配情况下雷电波波头出现大量高次模成分;终端负载开路时,线终端信号的高次模是雷电波的入射波与反射波以及所激发的高次模之和;受雷电波频谱特征影响,雷电波激发出的高次模成分主要集中在波头部分;雷电波在线中传播的最终波形是各高次模分量之和,降低雷电波波头陡度可以减少高次模成分.在雷电过电压防护中应充分考虑到雷电波在线路中传播的畸变问题,这对于指导同轴线引入的过电压防护具有重要意义.
In order to find out the propagation characteristics of lightning wave in coaxial cable,the transit response theory of coaxial cable was used to figure out the transit response to the 1. 2 /50 μs lightning wave. Besides,the related experiment was carried out under the help of lightning current generator. The research results show: the terminal signals of the coaxial cable are determined by both features of signal frequency and terminal impedance; the high-order modes are caused by the refraction and reflection of lightning wave and its excitation when the terminal is opened; the high-order modes excited by lightning wave mainly concentrate on the wave front because of the influence of the lightning wave spectrum; the final waveform at the terminal is the sum of all the high-order modes,and the lower of the lightning wave front the less of the high-order mode. The distortion of the lightning wave should be considered when propagating in coaxial cable,which has significance in guiding the suppression methods of overvoltage in coaxial line.
In order to find out the propagation characteristics of lightning wave in coaxial cable,the transit response theory of coaxial cable was used to figure out the transit response to the 1. 2 /50 μs lightning wave. Besides,the related experiment was carried out under the help of lightning current generator. The research results show: the terminal signals of the coaxial cable are determined by both features of signal frequency and terminal impedance; the high-order modes are caused by the refraction and reflection of lightning wave and its excitation when the terminal is opened; the high-order modes excited by lightning wave mainly concentrate on the wave front because of the influence of the lightning wave spectrum; the final waveform at the terminal is the sum of all the high-order modes,and the lower of the lightning wave front the less of the high-order mode. The distortion of the lightning wave should be considered when propagating in coaxial cable,which has significance in guiding the suppression methods of overvoltage in coaxial line.
引文
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[2]李祥超,周中山,陈则煌,等.棒形天线耦合雷电电磁波及抑制方法[J].电波科学学报,doi:10.13443/j.cjors.2014050601LI Xiangchao,ZHOU Zhongshan,CHEN Zehuang,et al.On lightning electromagnetic wave coupled by stick antenna and its suppression method[J].Chinese Journal of Radio Science,doi:10.13443/j.cjors.2014050601
[3]李祥超,陈则煌,周中山,等.限压型电涌保护器在不同条件下劣化性能的分析[J].电器与能效管理技术,2014(14):12-17LI Xiangchao,CHEN Zehuang,ZHOU Zhongshan,et al.Analysis on aging and deterioration of voltage limiting type surge protective device[J].Electrical&Energy Management Technology,2014,14:12-17
[4]张晓,余占清,罗兵,等.雷电脉冲电磁场对电站敏感设备的电磁干扰[J].高电压技术,2014(6):1696-1702ZHANG Xiao,YU Zhanqing,LUO Bing,et al.Electromagnetic interference of lightning pulse electromagnetic field to sensitive equipment in power stations[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014(6):1696-1702
[5]Namiki M,Horiuchi K.On the transient phenomena in the wave guide[J].Journal of the Physical Society of Japan,1952,7(2):190-193
[6]Ito M.Dispersion of very short microwave pulses in waveguide[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,1965,13(3):357-364
[7]Wen G.A time-domain theory of waveguide[J].Progress in Electromagnetics Research,2006,59:267-297
[8]Wen G.Foundations of applied electrodynamics[M].Chichester:John Wiley&Sons,2011:329-342
[9]李祥超,杨仲江,唐宏科,等.基于传输线理论对(1/4)λ短路线型电涌保护器的分析[J].低压电器,2011(4):5-8LI Xiangchao,YANG Zhongjiang,TANG Hongke,et al.Analysis on(1/4)λshort circuit line surge protective device based on transmission theory[J].Low Voltage Apparatus,2011(4):5-8
[10]Marcuvitz N.Waveguide handbook[M].The Institution of Engineering and Technology,1951
[11]丁美新,李慧峰,朱子述,等.雷电流波形的数学模型及频谱仿真[J].高电压技术,2002,28(6):8-10DING Meixin,LI Huifeng,ZHU Zishu,et al.The mathematical model and frequency spectrum simulation of lightning current[J].High Voltage Engineering,2002,28(6):8-10
[12]中华人民共和国电力工业部.DL/T 620—1997交流电气装置的过电压保护和绝缘配合[S].1997Electric Power Industry Ministry of the P R C.DL/T 620-1997 Overvoltage protection and insulation coordination for AC electrical installations[S].1997
[13]李祥超,游志远,姜长稷,等.电涌保护器(SPD)原理与应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2011,22-31.LI Xiangchao,YOU Zhiyuan,JIANG Changji,et al.Theories and applications of Surge Protective Device(SPD)[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2011:22-31
[14]DA Silva F F,Bak C L.Electromagnetic transients in power cables[M].New York:Springer,2013:96-99