川东北元坝地区须家河组钙质交代—胶结致密层分布与成因
|
摘要
方解石是须家河组砂岩中常见的成岩矿物之一,可在局部层段富集形成钙质交代—胶结致密层,对砂岩的物性有明显的破坏作用。基于岩心观察和薄片鉴定,对川东北元坝地区钙质交代—胶结致密砂岩的岩石学特征开展了分析,刻画了致密砂岩的分布规律;结合全岩X射线衍射、稳定碳氧同位素和微量元素等测试资料,分析了钙质交代—胶结致密砂岩的形成期和物质来源,阐明了钙质胶结物和交代物的形成机制。钙质交代—胶结致密层主要发育在元坝地区西部与须家河组三段(须三段)源岩层相邻的须家河组二段和须家河组四段的砂岩中,在东部须三段源岩层附近的砂岩中则较少;通常出现在厚层砂体的中部,厚度为1～2 m;长石含量或白云岩岩屑含量较高,杂基含量较低;经历的主要成岩作用包括压实作用、方解石的胶结作用和交代作用。方解石的胶结物和交代物主要形成于早成岩阶段B期,此时的地层温度为60～80℃,烃源岩处于有机酸生成的高峰期。由于元坝地区西部须三段烃源岩中含有较高的碳酸盐矿物组分,其排出的富有机酸流体可携带较多的Ca~(2+)和HCO_3~-离子进入砂岩层,当砂岩富含长石和白云岩岩屑等碱性矿物时,富Ca~(2+)的有机酸流体能被有效缓冲,形成有利于方解石胶结物和交代物沉淀的微环境,从而导致方解石大量沉淀。
Calcite is one of the most common diagenetic minerals in Xujiahe sandstones.It can accumulate in certain zones and form calcite-replaced and calcite-cemented tight reservoirs,resulting in an obvious damage to the sandstone properties.Based on the core observation and thin section identification,this paper analyzes the petrologic characteristics of calcite-replaced and calcite-cemented tight reservoirs in Yuanba area,Northeast Sichuan and describes the distribution of tight sandstones.In combination with the whole-rock X-ray diffraction,stable carbon and oxygen isotope,trace elements and other tests,this paper also analyzes the formation and material sources of calcite-replaced and calcite-cemented tight sandstones,and describes the genetic mechanism of calcite cements and replacements.The calcite-replaced and calcite-cemented tight reservoirs are mainly developed in the sandstone of Member 2 and Member 4 of Xujiahe Formation adjacent to the source rock of Member 3 of Xujiahe Formation in the western Yuanba area but rare in sandstones near the source rocks of Member 3 of Xujiahe Formation in the eastern Yuanba area,usually occurring in the middle of thick sand bodies with the thickness of about 1-2 m,high feldspar or dolomite fragment contents but low matrix contents.The main diagenesises of tight reservoirs include compaction as well as the calcite cementation and replacement.The calcite cements and replacements were mainly formed in eodiagenesis stage B,when the formation temperature was between60℃and 80℃and the source rock was at the peak of organic acid generation.Because the source rocks of Member 3 of Xujiahe Formation in the western Yuanba area contain high contents of carbonate minerals,the organic acid-rich fluids discharged from them can carry more Ca~(2+)and HCO3~-ions to the sandstone layers.When the sandstone is rich in alkaline minerals such as feldspar and dolomite fragments,the Ca~(2+)enriched rich organic acid fluid can be effectively buffered,forming a microenvironment favorable for the precipitation of calcite cements and replacements,thus resulting in a large amount of calcite precipitation.
Calcite is one of the most common diagenetic minerals in Xujiahe sandstones.It can accumulate in certain zones and form calcite-replaced and calcite-cemented tight reservoirs,resulting in an obvious damage to the sandstone properties.Based on the core observation and thin section identification,this paper analyzes the petrologic characteristics of calcite-replaced and calcite-cemented tight reservoirs in Yuanba area,Northeast Sichuan and describes the distribution of tight sandstones.In combination with the whole-rock X-ray diffraction,stable carbon and oxygen isotope,trace elements and other tests,this paper also analyzes the formation and material sources of calcite-replaced and calcite-cemented tight sandstones,and describes the genetic mechanism of calcite cements and replacements.The calcite-replaced and calcite-cemented tight reservoirs are mainly developed in the sandstone of Member 2 and Member 4 of Xujiahe Formation adjacent to the source rock of Member 3 of Xujiahe Formation in the western Yuanba area but rare in sandstones near the source rocks of Member 3 of Xujiahe Formation in the eastern Yuanba area,usually occurring in the middle of thick sand bodies with the thickness of about 1-2 m,high feldspar or dolomite fragment contents but low matrix contents.The main diagenesises of tight reservoirs include compaction as well as the calcite cementation and replacement.The calcite cements and replacements were mainly formed in eodiagenesis stage B,when the formation temperature was between60℃and 80℃and the source rock was at the peak of organic acid generation.Because the source rocks of Member 3 of Xujiahe Formation in the western Yuanba area contain high contents of carbonate minerals,the organic acid-rich fluids discharged from them can carry more Ca~(2+)and HCO3~-ions to the sandstone layers.When the sandstone is rich in alkaline minerals such as feldspar and dolomite fragments,the Ca~(2+)enriched rich organic acid fluid can be effectively buffered,forming a microenvironment favorable for the precipitation of calcite cements and replacements,thus resulting in a large amount of calcite precipitation.
引文
[1]BJORKUM P A,WALDERHAUG O.Geometrical arrangement of calcite cementation within shallow marine sandstones[J].Earth-Science Reviews,1990,29(1/4):145-161.
[2]WILKINSON M.The concretions of the Bearreraig Sandstone Formation:geometry and geochemistry[J].Sedimentology,1991,38(5):899-912.
[3]MCBRIDE E F,MILLIKEN K L.Giant calcite-cemented concretions,Dakota Formation,central Kansas,USA[J].Sedimentology,2006,53(5):1161-1179.
[4]魏新善,傅强,淡卫东,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组成岩流体滞留效应与致密砂岩储层成因[J].石油学报,2018,39(8):858-868.WEI Xinshan,FU Qiang,DAN Weidong,et al.Diagenesis fluid stagnation effect and genesis of tight sandstone reservoir in Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(8):858-868.
[5]BRYANT I D,KANTOROWICZ J D,LOVE C F.The origin and recognition of laterally continuous carbonate-cemented horizons in the Upper Lias sands of southern England[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1988,5(2):108-133.
[6]ABDEL-WAHAB A,MCBRIDE E F.Origin of giant calcite-cemented concretions,Temple Member,Qasr El Sagha Formation(Eocene),Faiyum depression,Egypt[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2001,71(1):70-81.
[7]ARRIBAS M E,RODRGUEZ-LPEZ J P,MELNDEZ N,et al.Giant calcite concretions in aeolian dune sandstones;sedimentological and architectural controls on diagenetic heterogeneity,Mid-Cretaceous Iberian Desert System,Spain[J].Sedimentary Geology,2012,243-244:130-147.
[8]ALESSANDRETTI L,WARREN L V,MACHADO R,et al.Septarian carbonate concretions in the Permian Rio do Rasto Formation:birth,growth and implications for the early diagenetic history of southwestern Gondwana succession[J].Sedimentary Geology,2015,326:1-15.
[9]DUTTON S P.Calcite cement in Permian deep-water sandstones,Delaware Basin,west Texas:origin,distribution,and effect on reservoir properties[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(6):765-787.
[10]操应长,杨田,宋明水,等.陆相断陷湖盆低渗透碎屑岩储层特征及相对优质储层成因——以济阳坳陷东营凹陷古近系为例[J].石油学报,2018,39(7):727-743.CAO Yingchang,YANG Tian,SONG Mingshui,et al.Characteristics of low-permeability clastic reservoirs and genesis of relatively high-quality reservoirs in the continental rift lake basin:a case study of Paleogene in the Dongying sag,Jiyang depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(7):727-743.
[11]操应长,葸克来,刘可禹,等.陆相湖盆致密砂岩油气储层储集性能表征与成储机制——以松辽盆地南部下白垩统泉头组四段为例[J].石油学报,2018,39(3):247-265.CAO Yingchang,XI Kelai,LIU Keyu,et al.Reservoir properties characterization and its genetic mechanism for tight sandstone oil and gas reservoir in lacustrine basin:the case of the fourth Member of Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation in the southern Songliao Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(3):247-265.
[12]DUTTON S P,WHITE C D,WILLIS B J,et al.Calcite cement distribution and its effect on fluid flow in a deltaic sandstone,Frontier Formation,Wyoming[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(12):2007-2021.
[13]朱如凯,邹才能,张鼐,等.致密砂岩气藏储层成岩流体演化与致密成因机理——以四川盆地上三叠统须家河组为例[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2009,39(3):327-339.ZHU Rukai,ZOU Caineng,ZHANG Nai,et al.Diagenetic fluids evolution and genetic mechanism of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin,China[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2008,51(9):1340-1353.
[14]吕正祥,刘四兵.川西须家河组超致密砂岩成岩作用与相对优质储层形成机制[J].岩石学报,2009,25(10):2373-2383.LZhengxiang,LIU Sibing.Ultra-tight sandstone diagenesis and mechanism for the formation of relatively high-quality reservoir of Xujiahe group in western Sichuan[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2009,25(10):2373-2383.
[15]张响响,邹才能,朱如凯,等.川中地区上三叠统须家河组储层成岩相[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):257-264.ZHANG Xiangxiang,ZOU Caineng,ZHU Rukai,et al.Reservoir diagenetic facies of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the central Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(2):257-264.
[16]刘四兵,黄思静,沈忠民,等.砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物成岩流体演化和水岩作用模式——以川西孝泉-丰谷地区上三叠统须四段致密砂岩为例[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014,44(7):1403-1417.LIU Sibing,HUANG Sijing,SHEN Zhongmin,et al.Diagenetic fluid evolution and water-rock interaction model of carbonate cements in sandstone:an example from the reservoir sandstone of the fourth Member of the Xujiahe Formation of the XiaoquanFenggu area,Sichuan province,China[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2014,57(5):1077-1092.
[17]LAI Jin,WANG Guiwen,RAN Ye,et al.Predictive distribution of high-quality reservoirs of tight gas sandstones by linking diagenesis to depositional facies:evidence from Xu-2 sandstones in the Penglai area of the central Sichuan Basin,China[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2015,23:97-111.
[18]邓康龄.四川盆地形成演化与油气勘探领域[J].天然气工业,1992,12(5):7-12.DENG Kangling.Formation and evolution of Sichuan Basin and domains for oil and gas exploration[J].Natural Gas Industry,1992,12(5):7-12.
[19]张健,李国辉,谢继荣,等.四川盆地上三叠统划分对比研究[J].天然气工业,2006,26(1):12-15.ZHANG Jian,LI Guohui,XIE Jirong,et al.Stratigraphic division and correlation of Upper Triassic in Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(1):12-15.
[20]王金琪.安县构造运动[J].石油与天然气地质,1990,11(3):223-234.WANG Jinqi.Anxian tectonic movement[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1990,11(3):223-234.
[21]郭彤楼.四川盆地北部陆相大气田形成与高产主控因素[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(2):139-149.GUO Tonglou.Key controls on accumulation and high production of large non-marine gas fields in northern Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(2):139-149.
[22]ZHANG Li,GUO Xusheng,HAO Fang,et al.Lithologic characteristics and diagenesis of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation,Yuanba area,northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,35:1320-1335.
[23]张莉,邹华耀,郝芳,等.川东北元坝地区须家河组储层特征与超致密成因探讨[J].地质学报,2017,91(9):2105-2118.ZHANG Li,ZOU Huayao,HAO Fang,et al.Characteristics and densification causes and of highly-tight sandstone of the Xujiahe Formation(T3x2)in the Yuanba area,northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2017,91(9):2105-2118.
[24]MONCURE G K,LAHANN R W,SIEBERT R M.Origin of secondary porosity and cement distribution in a sandstone/shale sequence from the Frio Formation(Oligocene):part 2.aspects of porosity modification[M]∥MCDONALD D A,SURDAM R C.Clastic Diagenesis.Tulsa:AAPG Memoir 37,1984:151-161.
[25]张永旺,曾溅辉,高霞,等.东营凹陷古近系储层碳酸盐胶结物分布特征及主控因素[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2009,39(1):16-22.ZHANG Yongwang,ZENG Jianhui,GAO Xia,et al.Distribution characteristics and main controlling factors of carbonate cements in the Paleogene reservoirs in Dongying depression[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2009,39(1):16-22.
[26]WANG Jian,CAO Yingchang,LIU Keyu,et al.Pore fluid evolution,distribution and water-rock interactions of carbonate cements in red-bed sandstone reservoirs in the Dongying depression,China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,72:279-294.
[27]XIONG Di,AZMY K,BLAMEY N J F.Diagenesis and origin of calcite cement in the Flemish Pass Basin sandstone reservoir(Upper Jurassic):implications for porosity development[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,70:93-118.
[28]刘春,张荣虎,张惠良,等.致密砂岩储层微孔隙成因类型及地质意义——以库车前陆冲断带超深层储层为例[J].石油学报,2017,38(2):150-159.LIU Chun,ZHANG Ronghu,ZHANG Huiliang,et al.Genetic types and geological significance of micro pores in tight sandstone reservoirs:a case study of the ultra-deep reservoir in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt,NW China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(2):150-159.
[29]PITTMAN E D,LARESE R E.Compaction of lithic sands:experimental results and applications[J].AAPG Bulletin,1991,75(8):1279-1299.
[30]李军,郭彤楼,邹华耀,等.四川盆地北部上三叠统须家河组煤系烃源岩生烃史[J].天然气工业,2012,32(3):25-28.LI Jun,GUO Tonglou,ZOU Huayao,et al.Hydrocarbon generation history of coal-measure source rocks in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation of the northern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(3):25-28.
[31]张俊武,邹华耀,李平平,等.含烃盐水包裹体PVT模拟新方法及其在气藏古压力恢复中的应用[J].石油实验地质,2015,37(1):102-108.ZHANG Junwu,ZOU Huayao,LI Pingping,et al.A new PVTsimulation method for hydrocarbon-containing inclusions and its application to reconstructing paleo-pressure of gas reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2015,37(1):102-108.
[32]O’NEIL J R,CLAYTON R N,MAYEDA T K.Oxygen isotope fractionation in divalent metal carbonates[J].Journal of Chemical Physics,1969,51(12):5547-5558.
[33]李伟,秦胜飞.四川盆地须家河组地层水微量元素与氢氧同位素特征[J].石油学报,2012,33(1):55-63.LI Wei,QIN Shengfei.Characteristics of trace elements and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the formation water of the Xujiahe Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(1):55-63.
[34]林耀庭,熊淑君.氢氧同位素在四川气田地层水中的分布特征及其成因分类[J].海相油气地质,1999,4(4):39-45.LIN Yaoting,XIONG Shujun.The distributing characteristics of stable isotope and its genesis category of the formation water in gas field,Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,1999,4(4):39-45.
[35]雍自权,李俊良,周仲礼,等.川中地区上三叠统香溪群四段地层水化学特征及其油气意义[J].物探化探计算技术,2006,28(1):41-45.YONG Ziquan,LI Junliang,ZHOU Zhongli,et al.The formationwater chemical characters and petroleum significance of the fourth segment reservoirs of Xiangxi group in center of Sichuan Basin[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2006,28(1):41-45.
[36]VEIZER J,ALA D,AZMY K,et al.87 Sr/86 Sr,δ13 C andδ18 Oevolution of Phanerozoic seawater[J].Chemical Geology,1999,161(1/3):59-88.
[37]黄思静.碳酸盐岩的成岩作用[M].北京:地质出版社,2010:57.HUANG Sijing.Carbonate diagenesis[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2010:57.
[38]SWART P K,CANTRELL D L,ARIENZO M M,et al.Evidence for high temperature and 18 O-enriched fluids in the Arab-D of the Ghawar field,Saudi Arabia[J].Sedimentology,2016,63(6):1739-1752.
[39]IRWIN H,CURTIS C,COLEMAN M.Isotopic evidence for source of diagenetic carbonates formed during burial of organic-rich sediments[J].Nature,1977,269(5625):209-213.
[40]MORAD S.Carbonate cementation in sandstones:distribution patterns and geochemical evolution[M]∥MORAD S.Carbonate cementation in sandstones:distribution patterns and geochemical evolution.Oxford:Blackwell Science,1998:1-26.
[41]BJRLYKKE K,JAHREN J.Open or closed geochemical systems during diagenesis in sedimentary basins:constraints on mass transfer during diagenesis and the prediction of porosity in sandstone and carbonate reservoirs[J].AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(12):2193-2214.
[42]陈斌,李勇,王伟明,等.晚三叠世龙门山前陆盆地须家河组物源及构造背景分析[J].地质学报,2016,90(5):857-872.CHEN Bin,LI Yong,WANG Weiming,et al.The provenance and tectonic setting of Late Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Longmenshan foreland basin,SW China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2016,90(5):857-872.
[43]谢继容,李国辉,唐大海.四川盆地上三叠统须家河组物源供给体系分析[J].天然气勘探与开发,2006,29(4):1-3.XIE Jirong,LI Guohui,TANG Dahai.Analysis on provenancesupply system of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2006,29(4):1-3.
[44]TAYLOR T R,GILES M R,HATHON L A,et al.Sandstone diagenesis and reservoir quality prediction:models,myths,and reality[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(8):1093-1132.
[45]LAW B E.Basin-centered gas systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(11):1891-1919.
[46]YANG Rui,HE Sheng,LI Tianyi,et al.Origin of over-pressure in clastic rocks in Yuanba area,northeast Sichuan Basin,China[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,30:90-105.
[47]宋钰,张莉,罗丁文,等.四川盆地元坝-通南巴地区须家河组致密砂岩封隔型超压系统压力结构特征[J].石油实验地质,2018,40(5):613-620.SONG Yu,ZHANG Li,LUO Dingwen,et al.Characteristics of overpressure regime in compartmentalized overpressured system within tight sandstones,Xujiahe Formation,Yuanba-Tongnanba areas,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2018,40(5):613-620.
[2]WILKINSON M.The concretions of the Bearreraig Sandstone Formation:geometry and geochemistry[J].Sedimentology,1991,38(5):899-912.
[3]MCBRIDE E F,MILLIKEN K L.Giant calcite-cemented concretions,Dakota Formation,central Kansas,USA[J].Sedimentology,2006,53(5):1161-1179.
[4]魏新善,傅强,淡卫东,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组成岩流体滞留效应与致密砂岩储层成因[J].石油学报,2018,39(8):858-868.WEI Xinshan,FU Qiang,DAN Weidong,et al.Diagenesis fluid stagnation effect and genesis of tight sandstone reservoir in Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(8):858-868.
[5]BRYANT I D,KANTOROWICZ J D,LOVE C F.The origin and recognition of laterally continuous carbonate-cemented horizons in the Upper Lias sands of southern England[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1988,5(2):108-133.
[6]ABDEL-WAHAB A,MCBRIDE E F.Origin of giant calcite-cemented concretions,Temple Member,Qasr El Sagha Formation(Eocene),Faiyum depression,Egypt[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2001,71(1):70-81.
[7]ARRIBAS M E,RODRGUEZ-LPEZ J P,MELNDEZ N,et al.Giant calcite concretions in aeolian dune sandstones;sedimentological and architectural controls on diagenetic heterogeneity,Mid-Cretaceous Iberian Desert System,Spain[J].Sedimentary Geology,2012,243-244:130-147.
[8]ALESSANDRETTI L,WARREN L V,MACHADO R,et al.Septarian carbonate concretions in the Permian Rio do Rasto Formation:birth,growth and implications for the early diagenetic history of southwestern Gondwana succession[J].Sedimentary Geology,2015,326:1-15.
[9]DUTTON S P.Calcite cement in Permian deep-water sandstones,Delaware Basin,west Texas:origin,distribution,and effect on reservoir properties[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(6):765-787.
[10]操应长,杨田,宋明水,等.陆相断陷湖盆低渗透碎屑岩储层特征及相对优质储层成因——以济阳坳陷东营凹陷古近系为例[J].石油学报,2018,39(7):727-743.CAO Yingchang,YANG Tian,SONG Mingshui,et al.Characteristics of low-permeability clastic reservoirs and genesis of relatively high-quality reservoirs in the continental rift lake basin:a case study of Paleogene in the Dongying sag,Jiyang depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(7):727-743.
[11]操应长,葸克来,刘可禹,等.陆相湖盆致密砂岩油气储层储集性能表征与成储机制——以松辽盆地南部下白垩统泉头组四段为例[J].石油学报,2018,39(3):247-265.CAO Yingchang,XI Kelai,LIU Keyu,et al.Reservoir properties characterization and its genetic mechanism for tight sandstone oil and gas reservoir in lacustrine basin:the case of the fourth Member of Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation in the southern Songliao Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(3):247-265.
[12]DUTTON S P,WHITE C D,WILLIS B J,et al.Calcite cement distribution and its effect on fluid flow in a deltaic sandstone,Frontier Formation,Wyoming[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(12):2007-2021.
[13]朱如凯,邹才能,张鼐,等.致密砂岩气藏储层成岩流体演化与致密成因机理——以四川盆地上三叠统须家河组为例[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2009,39(3):327-339.ZHU Rukai,ZOU Caineng,ZHANG Nai,et al.Diagenetic fluids evolution and genetic mechanism of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin,China[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2008,51(9):1340-1353.
[14]吕正祥,刘四兵.川西须家河组超致密砂岩成岩作用与相对优质储层形成机制[J].岩石学报,2009,25(10):2373-2383.LZhengxiang,LIU Sibing.Ultra-tight sandstone diagenesis and mechanism for the formation of relatively high-quality reservoir of Xujiahe group in western Sichuan[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2009,25(10):2373-2383.
[15]张响响,邹才能,朱如凯,等.川中地区上三叠统须家河组储层成岩相[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):257-264.ZHANG Xiangxiang,ZOU Caineng,ZHU Rukai,et al.Reservoir diagenetic facies of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the central Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(2):257-264.
[16]刘四兵,黄思静,沈忠民,等.砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物成岩流体演化和水岩作用模式——以川西孝泉-丰谷地区上三叠统须四段致密砂岩为例[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014,44(7):1403-1417.LIU Sibing,HUANG Sijing,SHEN Zhongmin,et al.Diagenetic fluid evolution and water-rock interaction model of carbonate cements in sandstone:an example from the reservoir sandstone of the fourth Member of the Xujiahe Formation of the XiaoquanFenggu area,Sichuan province,China[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2014,57(5):1077-1092.
[17]LAI Jin,WANG Guiwen,RAN Ye,et al.Predictive distribution of high-quality reservoirs of tight gas sandstones by linking diagenesis to depositional facies:evidence from Xu-2 sandstones in the Penglai area of the central Sichuan Basin,China[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2015,23:97-111.
[18]邓康龄.四川盆地形成演化与油气勘探领域[J].天然气工业,1992,12(5):7-12.DENG Kangling.Formation and evolution of Sichuan Basin and domains for oil and gas exploration[J].Natural Gas Industry,1992,12(5):7-12.
[19]张健,李国辉,谢继荣,等.四川盆地上三叠统划分对比研究[J].天然气工业,2006,26(1):12-15.ZHANG Jian,LI Guohui,XIE Jirong,et al.Stratigraphic division and correlation of Upper Triassic in Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(1):12-15.
[20]王金琪.安县构造运动[J].石油与天然气地质,1990,11(3):223-234.WANG Jinqi.Anxian tectonic movement[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1990,11(3):223-234.
[21]郭彤楼.四川盆地北部陆相大气田形成与高产主控因素[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(2):139-149.GUO Tonglou.Key controls on accumulation and high production of large non-marine gas fields in northern Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(2):139-149.
[22]ZHANG Li,GUO Xusheng,HAO Fang,et al.Lithologic characteristics and diagenesis of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation,Yuanba area,northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,35:1320-1335.
[23]张莉,邹华耀,郝芳,等.川东北元坝地区须家河组储层特征与超致密成因探讨[J].地质学报,2017,91(9):2105-2118.ZHANG Li,ZOU Huayao,HAO Fang,et al.Characteristics and densification causes and of highly-tight sandstone of the Xujiahe Formation(T3x2)in the Yuanba area,northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2017,91(9):2105-2118.
[24]MONCURE G K,LAHANN R W,SIEBERT R M.Origin of secondary porosity and cement distribution in a sandstone/shale sequence from the Frio Formation(Oligocene):part 2.aspects of porosity modification[M]∥MCDONALD D A,SURDAM R C.Clastic Diagenesis.Tulsa:AAPG Memoir 37,1984:151-161.
[25]张永旺,曾溅辉,高霞,等.东营凹陷古近系储层碳酸盐胶结物分布特征及主控因素[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2009,39(1):16-22.ZHANG Yongwang,ZENG Jianhui,GAO Xia,et al.Distribution characteristics and main controlling factors of carbonate cements in the Paleogene reservoirs in Dongying depression[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2009,39(1):16-22.
[26]WANG Jian,CAO Yingchang,LIU Keyu,et al.Pore fluid evolution,distribution and water-rock interactions of carbonate cements in red-bed sandstone reservoirs in the Dongying depression,China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,72:279-294.
[27]XIONG Di,AZMY K,BLAMEY N J F.Diagenesis and origin of calcite cement in the Flemish Pass Basin sandstone reservoir(Upper Jurassic):implications for porosity development[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,70:93-118.
[28]刘春,张荣虎,张惠良,等.致密砂岩储层微孔隙成因类型及地质意义——以库车前陆冲断带超深层储层为例[J].石油学报,2017,38(2):150-159.LIU Chun,ZHANG Ronghu,ZHANG Huiliang,et al.Genetic types and geological significance of micro pores in tight sandstone reservoirs:a case study of the ultra-deep reservoir in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt,NW China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(2):150-159.
[29]PITTMAN E D,LARESE R E.Compaction of lithic sands:experimental results and applications[J].AAPG Bulletin,1991,75(8):1279-1299.
[30]李军,郭彤楼,邹华耀,等.四川盆地北部上三叠统须家河组煤系烃源岩生烃史[J].天然气工业,2012,32(3):25-28.LI Jun,GUO Tonglou,ZOU Huayao,et al.Hydrocarbon generation history of coal-measure source rocks in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation of the northern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(3):25-28.
[31]张俊武,邹华耀,李平平,等.含烃盐水包裹体PVT模拟新方法及其在气藏古压力恢复中的应用[J].石油实验地质,2015,37(1):102-108.ZHANG Junwu,ZOU Huayao,LI Pingping,et al.A new PVTsimulation method for hydrocarbon-containing inclusions and its application to reconstructing paleo-pressure of gas reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2015,37(1):102-108.
[32]O’NEIL J R,CLAYTON R N,MAYEDA T K.Oxygen isotope fractionation in divalent metal carbonates[J].Journal of Chemical Physics,1969,51(12):5547-5558.
[33]李伟,秦胜飞.四川盆地须家河组地层水微量元素与氢氧同位素特征[J].石油学报,2012,33(1):55-63.LI Wei,QIN Shengfei.Characteristics of trace elements and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the formation water of the Xujiahe Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(1):55-63.
[34]林耀庭,熊淑君.氢氧同位素在四川气田地层水中的分布特征及其成因分类[J].海相油气地质,1999,4(4):39-45.LIN Yaoting,XIONG Shujun.The distributing characteristics of stable isotope and its genesis category of the formation water in gas field,Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,1999,4(4):39-45.
[35]雍自权,李俊良,周仲礼,等.川中地区上三叠统香溪群四段地层水化学特征及其油气意义[J].物探化探计算技术,2006,28(1):41-45.YONG Ziquan,LI Junliang,ZHOU Zhongli,et al.The formationwater chemical characters and petroleum significance of the fourth segment reservoirs of Xiangxi group in center of Sichuan Basin[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2006,28(1):41-45.
[36]VEIZER J,ALA D,AZMY K,et al.87 Sr/86 Sr,δ13 C andδ18 Oevolution of Phanerozoic seawater[J].Chemical Geology,1999,161(1/3):59-88.
[37]黄思静.碳酸盐岩的成岩作用[M].北京:地质出版社,2010:57.HUANG Sijing.Carbonate diagenesis[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2010:57.
[38]SWART P K,CANTRELL D L,ARIENZO M M,et al.Evidence for high temperature and 18 O-enriched fluids in the Arab-D of the Ghawar field,Saudi Arabia[J].Sedimentology,2016,63(6):1739-1752.
[39]IRWIN H,CURTIS C,COLEMAN M.Isotopic evidence for source of diagenetic carbonates formed during burial of organic-rich sediments[J].Nature,1977,269(5625):209-213.
[40]MORAD S.Carbonate cementation in sandstones:distribution patterns and geochemical evolution[M]∥MORAD S.Carbonate cementation in sandstones:distribution patterns and geochemical evolution.Oxford:Blackwell Science,1998:1-26.
[41]BJRLYKKE K,JAHREN J.Open or closed geochemical systems during diagenesis in sedimentary basins:constraints on mass transfer during diagenesis and the prediction of porosity in sandstone and carbonate reservoirs[J].AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(12):2193-2214.
[42]陈斌,李勇,王伟明,等.晚三叠世龙门山前陆盆地须家河组物源及构造背景分析[J].地质学报,2016,90(5):857-872.CHEN Bin,LI Yong,WANG Weiming,et al.The provenance and tectonic setting of Late Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Longmenshan foreland basin,SW China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2016,90(5):857-872.
[43]谢继容,李国辉,唐大海.四川盆地上三叠统须家河组物源供给体系分析[J].天然气勘探与开发,2006,29(4):1-3.XIE Jirong,LI Guohui,TANG Dahai.Analysis on provenancesupply system of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2006,29(4):1-3.
[44]TAYLOR T R,GILES M R,HATHON L A,et al.Sandstone diagenesis and reservoir quality prediction:models,myths,and reality[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(8):1093-1132.
[45]LAW B E.Basin-centered gas systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(11):1891-1919.
[46]YANG Rui,HE Sheng,LI Tianyi,et al.Origin of over-pressure in clastic rocks in Yuanba area,northeast Sichuan Basin,China[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,30:90-105.
[47]宋钰,张莉,罗丁文,等.四川盆地元坝-通南巴地区须家河组致密砂岩封隔型超压系统压力结构特征[J].石油实验地质,2018,40(5):613-620.SONG Yu,ZHANG Li,LUO Dingwen,et al.Characteristics of overpressure regime in compartmentalized overpressured system within tight sandstones,Xujiahe Formation,Yuanba-Tongnanba areas,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2018,40(5):613-620.