缙云山不同林分下土壤有机碳及矿化特征
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摘要
土壤有机碳库是陆地最大的有机碳储存库,其微弱的变化就能影响大气CO2浓度的显著变化,其中森林土壤碳库约占全球土壤碳库的70%,因此如何实现森林生态系统土壤有机碳库的高效管理成为目前的研究热点.本研究以缙云山5种典型林分:阔叶林、针叶林、针阔叶混交林、竹林及研究区内弃耕15 a的荒草地(对照土壤)为对象,采用矿化培养实验,分析了不同林分的土壤在不同土层(0～20、20～40、40～60、60～100 cm)中的有机碳矿化特征.结果表明,林分类型、培养时长和土层深度均对土壤有机碳矿化速率有显著影响.不同林分土壤有机碳矿化速率均随着土层加深而降低,其中0～20 cm土层的矿化速率[11. 97～25. 12 mg·(kg·d)-1]均显著高于其他土层(P <0. 05),其他土层间矿化速率[4. 79～6. 51mg·(kg·d)-1]无显著性差异. 5种林分的土壤有机碳累积矿化量均随着土层加深而降低,0～20 cm土层中竹林和阔叶林土壤有机碳累积矿化量最高,分别为177. 66 mg·kg~(-1)和120. 38 mg·kg~(-1),随着土层加深在60～100 cm土层中,针叶林累计矿化量最高达到了46. 96 mg·kg~(-1).双库一级动力学方程可以较好地拟合缙云山不同林分下土壤有机碳矿化过程,不同林分下土壤易分解有机碳含量均随土层加深而降低,针叶林土壤矿化能力较强,对难分解有机碳库的利用程度较高,而竹林和阔叶林土壤微生物活性较高,可以有效促进碳循环,提高土壤固碳能力.
Soil organic carbon( SOC) is the largest organic carbon stock on land,and slight changes in SOC can significantly affect the atmospheric CO2 concentration,among which forest soil carbon reservoir accounts for approximately 70% of the global soil carbon stock. Therefore,the implementation of efficient management for SOC stock in the forest ecosystem has become a popular research subject. The mineralized characteristics of SOC in different soil layers( 0-20,20-40,40-60,and 60-100 cm) were analyzed in five typical stands of Jinyun Mountain: broadleaf forest,coniferous forest,coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest,bamboo forest,and 15 a abandoned grassland( control soils) in the study area. The results showed that forest type,cultivation duration,and soil depth had significant effects on the SOC mineralization rate. The mineralization rate of SOC in different forest stands decreased with the deepening soil layer,among which the mineralization rate at the 0-20 cm soil layer [11. 97-25. 12 mg·( kg·d)-1]was significantly higher than that of other soil layers( P < 0. 05),and there were no significant differences between the mineralization rates of other soil layers[4. 79-6. 51 mg·( kg·d)-1]. The accumulated mineralization of SOC in the five forests decreased with the deepening soil layer. The accumulated mineralization of SOC in the bamboo forest and broadleaf forest in the 0-20 cm soil layer was the highest at 177. 66 mg·kg~(-1) and 120. 38 mg·kg~(-1),respectively. With the deepening soil layer in the 60-100 cm soil layer,the accumulated SOC mineralization in the coniferous forest reached the highest( 46. 96 mg·kg~(-1)). The SOC mineralization process in the different stands of Jinyun Mountain can be well fitted by the double reservoir first-level kinetic equation. The content of easily decomposable SOC in different forest stands decreased with the deepening soil layer. Coniferous forest soil exhibited a stronger mineralization ability and higher utilization degree of refractory organic carbon stock,while bamboo forest and broadleaf forest soils had higher microbial activity,which could effectively promote the carbon cycle and improve the soil carbon fixation ability.
Soil organic carbon( SOC) is the largest organic carbon stock on land,and slight changes in SOC can significantly affect the atmospheric CO2 concentration,among which forest soil carbon reservoir accounts for approximately 70% of the global soil carbon stock. Therefore,the implementation of efficient management for SOC stock in the forest ecosystem has become a popular research subject. The mineralized characteristics of SOC in different soil layers( 0-20,20-40,40-60,and 60-100 cm) were analyzed in five typical stands of Jinyun Mountain: broadleaf forest,coniferous forest,coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest,bamboo forest,and 15 a abandoned grassland( control soils) in the study area. The results showed that forest type,cultivation duration,and soil depth had significant effects on the SOC mineralization rate. The mineralization rate of SOC in different forest stands decreased with the deepening soil layer,among which the mineralization rate at the 0-20 cm soil layer [11. 97-25. 12 mg·( kg·d)-1]was significantly higher than that of other soil layers( P < 0. 05),and there were no significant differences between the mineralization rates of other soil layers[4. 79-6. 51 mg·( kg·d)-1]. The accumulated mineralization of SOC in the five forests decreased with the deepening soil layer. The accumulated mineralization of SOC in the bamboo forest and broadleaf forest in the 0-20 cm soil layer was the highest at 177. 66 mg·kg~(-1) and 120. 38 mg·kg~(-1),respectively. With the deepening soil layer in the 60-100 cm soil layer,the accumulated SOC mineralization in the coniferous forest reached the highest( 46. 96 mg·kg~(-1)). The SOC mineralization process in the different stands of Jinyun Mountain can be well fitted by the double reservoir first-level kinetic equation. The content of easily decomposable SOC in different forest stands decreased with the deepening soil layer. Coniferous forest soil exhibited a stronger mineralization ability and higher utilization degree of refractory organic carbon stock,while bamboo forest and broadleaf forest soils had higher microbial activity,which could effectively promote the carbon cycle and improve the soil carbon fixation ability.
引文
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[10]王清奎,汪思龙,于小军,等.常绿阔叶林与杉木林的土壤碳矿化潜力及其对土壤活性有机碳的影响[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(12):1918-1923.Wang Q K,Wang S L,Yu X J,et al. Soil carbon mineralization potential and its effect on soil active organic carbon in evergreen broad-leaved forest and Chinese fir plantation[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2007,26(12):1918-1923.
[11]祁心,江长胜,郝庆菊,等.缙云山不同土地利用方式对土壤活性有机碳、氮组分的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(10):3816-3824.Qi X,Jiang C S,Hao Q J,et al. Effects of different land uses on soil active organic carbon and nitrogen fractions in Jinyun Mountain[J]. Environmental Science,2015,36(10):3816-3824.
[12]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[13] Boyle M,Paul E A. Carbon and nitrogen mineralization kinetics in soil previously amended with sewage sludge[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1989,53(1):99-103.
[14]张睿,白杨,刘娟,等.亚热带天然阔叶林转换为杉木人工林对土壤呼吸的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(10):2946-2952.Zhang R,Bai Y,Liu J,et al. Effects of conversion of natural broad-leaved forest to Chinese fir plantation on soil respiration in Subtropical China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(10):2946-2952.
[15]高菲,林维,崔晓阳.小兴安岭两种森林类型土壤有机碳矿化的季节动态[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(1):9-16.Gao F,Lin W,Cui X Y. Seasonal dynamics of soil organic carbon mineralization for two forest types in Xiaoxing'an Mountains,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(1):9-16.
[16] Jha P,Garg N,Lakaria B L,et al. Soil and residue carbon mineralization as affected by soil aggregate size[J]. Soil and Tillage Research,2012,121:57-62.
[17] Thiessen S,Gleixner G,Wutzler T,et al. Both priming and temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition depend on microbial biomass-an incubation study[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,57:739-748.
[18] Riffaldi R,Saviozzi A,Levi-Minzi R. Carbon mineralization kinetics as influenced by soil properties[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils,1996,22(4):293-298.
[19]王莲阁,高岩红,丁长欢,等.变温环境对典型石灰土有机碳矿化的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(11):4291-4297.Wang L G,Gao Y H,Ding C H,et al. Effects of variable temperature on organic carbon mineralization in typical limestone soils[J]. Environmental Science,2014,35(11):4291-4297.
[20] Dimassi B,Mary B,Fontaine S,et al. Effect of nutrients availability and long-term tillage on priming effect and soil C mineralization[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,78:332-339.
[21] Alvarez R,Alvarez C R. Soil organic matter pools and their associations with carbon mineralization kinetics[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,2000,64(1):184-189.
[22] Fang C M,Smith P,Moncrieff J B,et al. Similar response of labile and resistant soil organic matter pools to changes in temperature[J]. Nature,2005,433(7021):57-59.
[23]李顺姬,邱莉萍,张兴昌.黄土高原土壤有机碳矿化及其与土壤理化性质的关系[J].生态学报,2010,30(5):1217-1226.Li S J,Qiu L P,Zhang X C. Mineralization of soil organic carbon and its relations with soil physical and chemical properties on the loess Plateau[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(5):1217-1226.
[24]丁长欢,王莲阁,唐江,等.水热变化对三峡水库消落带紫色土有机碳矿化的影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(7):2763-2769.Ding C H,Wang L G,Tang J,et al. Effects of soil moisture and temperature variations on organic carbon mineralization of purple soil in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(7):2763-2769.
[2]杨添,戴伟,安晓娟,等.天然林土壤有机碳及矿化特征研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(3):1105-1110.Yang T,Dai W,An X J,et al. Organic carbon and carbon mineralization characteristics in nature forestry soil[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(3):1105-1110.
[3]张玲,张东来,毛子军.中国温带阔叶红松林不同演替系列土壤有机碳矿化特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(19):6370-6378.Zhang L,Zhang D L,Mao Z J. Characteristic mineralization of soil organic carbon in different successional series of broadleaved Korean pine forests in the temperate zone in China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(19):6370-6378.
[4] Post W M,Emanuel W R,Zinke P J,et al. Soil carbon pools and world life zones[J]. Nature,1982,298(5870):156-159.
[5]张政,蔡小真,唐偲頔,等.可溶性有机质输入对杉木人工林表层土壤有机碳矿化的激发效应[J].生态学报,2017,37(22):7660-7667.Zhang Z,Cai X Z,Tang S D,et al. Priming effect of dissolved organic matter in the surface soil of a Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(22):7660-7667.
[6]樊金娟,李丹丹,张心昱,等.北方温带森林不同海拔梯度土壤碳矿化速率及酶动力学参数温度敏感性[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(1):17-24.Fan J J,Li D D,Zhang X Y,et al. Temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon mineralization andβ-glucosidase enzyme kinetics in the Northern temperate forests at different altitudes,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(1):17-24.
[7]刘玉槐,严员英,张艳杰,等.不同温度条件下亚热带森林土壤碳矿化对氮磷添加的响应[J].生态学报,2017,37(23):7994-8004.Liu Y H,Yan Y Y,Zhang Y J,et al. Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus addition under different temperatures on the soil carbon mineralization in a Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation in the subtropics[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(23):7994-8004.
[8]杨开军,杨万勤,贺若阳,等.川西亚高山3种典型森林土壤碳矿化特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(5):851-856.Yang K J,Yang W Q,He R Y,et al. Soil organic carbon mineralization characteristics of three dominant subalpine forests in Western Sichuan,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2017,23(5):851-856.
[9]李银坤,陈敏鹏,梅旭荣,等.土壤水分和氮添加对华北平原高产农田有机碳矿化的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(14):4037-4046.Li Y K,Chen M P,Mei X R,et al. Effects of soil moisture and Nitrogen addition on organic carbon mineralization in a high-yield cropland soil of the North China Plain[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(14):4037-4046.
[10]王清奎,汪思龙,于小军,等.常绿阔叶林与杉木林的土壤碳矿化潜力及其对土壤活性有机碳的影响[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(12):1918-1923.Wang Q K,Wang S L,Yu X J,et al. Soil carbon mineralization potential and its effect on soil active organic carbon in evergreen broad-leaved forest and Chinese fir plantation[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2007,26(12):1918-1923.
[11]祁心,江长胜,郝庆菊,等.缙云山不同土地利用方式对土壤活性有机碳、氮组分的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(10):3816-3824.Qi X,Jiang C S,Hao Q J,et al. Effects of different land uses on soil active organic carbon and nitrogen fractions in Jinyun Mountain[J]. Environmental Science,2015,36(10):3816-3824.
[12]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[13] Boyle M,Paul E A. Carbon and nitrogen mineralization kinetics in soil previously amended with sewage sludge[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1989,53(1):99-103.
[14]张睿,白杨,刘娟,等.亚热带天然阔叶林转换为杉木人工林对土壤呼吸的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(10):2946-2952.Zhang R,Bai Y,Liu J,et al. Effects of conversion of natural broad-leaved forest to Chinese fir plantation on soil respiration in Subtropical China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(10):2946-2952.
[15]高菲,林维,崔晓阳.小兴安岭两种森林类型土壤有机碳矿化的季节动态[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(1):9-16.Gao F,Lin W,Cui X Y. Seasonal dynamics of soil organic carbon mineralization for two forest types in Xiaoxing'an Mountains,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(1):9-16.
[16] Jha P,Garg N,Lakaria B L,et al. Soil and residue carbon mineralization as affected by soil aggregate size[J]. Soil and Tillage Research,2012,121:57-62.
[17] Thiessen S,Gleixner G,Wutzler T,et al. Both priming and temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition depend on microbial biomass-an incubation study[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,57:739-748.
[18] Riffaldi R,Saviozzi A,Levi-Minzi R. Carbon mineralization kinetics as influenced by soil properties[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils,1996,22(4):293-298.
[19]王莲阁,高岩红,丁长欢,等.变温环境对典型石灰土有机碳矿化的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(11):4291-4297.Wang L G,Gao Y H,Ding C H,et al. Effects of variable temperature on organic carbon mineralization in typical limestone soils[J]. Environmental Science,2014,35(11):4291-4297.
[20] Dimassi B,Mary B,Fontaine S,et al. Effect of nutrients availability and long-term tillage on priming effect and soil C mineralization[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,78:332-339.
[21] Alvarez R,Alvarez C R. Soil organic matter pools and their associations with carbon mineralization kinetics[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,2000,64(1):184-189.
[22] Fang C M,Smith P,Moncrieff J B,et al. Similar response of labile and resistant soil organic matter pools to changes in temperature[J]. Nature,2005,433(7021):57-59.
[23]李顺姬,邱莉萍,张兴昌.黄土高原土壤有机碳矿化及其与土壤理化性质的关系[J].生态学报,2010,30(5):1217-1226.Li S J,Qiu L P,Zhang X C. Mineralization of soil organic carbon and its relations with soil physical and chemical properties on the loess Plateau[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(5):1217-1226.
[24]丁长欢,王莲阁,唐江,等.水热变化对三峡水库消落带紫色土有机碳矿化的影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(7):2763-2769.Ding C H,Wang L G,Tang J,et al. Effects of soil moisture and temperature variations on organic carbon mineralization of purple soil in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(7):2763-2769.
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