基于矿物晶体结构的铝土矿细菌浸矿机制研究
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摘要
采用环状芽孢杆菌CGMCC12对5种含不同结构硅酸盐矿物的铝土矿样进行了生物脱硅研究.选用铝土矿中常见的橄榄石、高岭石、钾长石及河南铝土矿作为细菌溶蚀作用对象,采用电镜及XRD衍射技术,研究细菌对它们的分解作用差异.结果表明:浸矿12d,细菌对橄榄石、高岭石及石英型铝土矿脱硅作用显著,铝硅比(A/S)分别从7.12,6.11,2.89提高到16.15,11.61,13.56,而对钾长石型铝土矿及河南铝土矿脱硅效果较差,A/S分别从3.69和4.90仅提高到4.64和7.30;细菌对试验用硅酸盐矿物的溶蚀破坏作用由易至难依次为橄榄石、高岭石、钾长石;在细菌作用下,橄榄石向水镁石与石英转化,钾长石向伊利石转化,高岭石向水铝石与石英转化;多种矿物同时存在的情况下,细菌对不同晶体结构的硅酸盐矿物的分解有一定的选择性,对较易分解的矿物破坏作用较快,细菌会优先选择分解含Fe,Ca等生命元素的赤铁矿与方解石等矿物.
Bioleaching silicon from five bauxite samples containing silicate minerals with different crystal structures were studied with Bacillus circulans CGMCC12.Decomposition of forsterite,kaolinite and orthoclase,which are the common silicate minerals in bauxite,and bauxite collected from Henan Province by Bacillus circulans CGMCC12 was stressed using X-ray diffraction and electron microscope.The results show that the ratios of Al2O3 to SiO2(A/S) in forsterite bauxite,kaolinite bauxite and quartz bauxite are increased from 7.12 to 16.15,from 6.11 to 11.61 and from 2.89 to 13.56,respectively.But the ratios of A/S in orthoclase bauxite and the bauxite sample collected from Henan Province are only increased from 3.69 to 4.64 and from 4.90 to 7.30,after a 12 d bioleaching.Forsterite is much more easily decomposed than kaolinite and orthoclase,and the orthoclase is the most difficult decomposing mineral among testing silicate minerals by Bacillus circulans CGMCC12.After bioleaching,forsterite is gradually converted to brucite and quartz,and kaolinite is converted to diaspore and quartz,and orthoclase is transformed to illite.Bacteria selectively decompose different minerals according to the stability of the mineral crystal structure,and bacteria give preference to degrade hematite and calcite containing the biological elements such as Fe and Ca in the bioleaching system containing different minerals.
Bioleaching silicon from five bauxite samples containing silicate minerals with different crystal structures were studied with Bacillus circulans CGMCC12.Decomposition of forsterite,kaolinite and orthoclase,which are the common silicate minerals in bauxite,and bauxite collected from Henan Province by Bacillus circulans CGMCC12 was stressed using X-ray diffraction and electron microscope.The results show that the ratios of Al2O3 to SiO2(A/S) in forsterite bauxite,kaolinite bauxite and quartz bauxite are increased from 7.12 to 16.15,from 6.11 to 11.61 and from 2.89 to 13.56,respectively.But the ratios of A/S in orthoclase bauxite and the bauxite sample collected from Henan Province are only increased from 3.69 to 4.64 and from 4.90 to 7.30,after a 12 d bioleaching.Forsterite is much more easily decomposed than kaolinite and orthoclase,and the orthoclase is the most difficult decomposing mineral among testing silicate minerals by Bacillus circulans CGMCC12.After bioleaching,forsterite is gradually converted to brucite and quartz,and kaolinite is converted to diaspore and quartz,and orthoclase is transformed to illite.Bacteria selectively decompose different minerals according to the stability of the mineral crystal structure,and bacteria give preference to degrade hematite and calcite containing the biological elements such as Fe and Ca in the bioleaching system containing different minerals.
引文
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[2]钮因健,邱冠周,周吉奎.硅酸盐细菌的选育及铝土矿细菌脱硅效果[J].中国有色金属学报,2004,14(2):281-285.NIU Yin-jian,QIU Guan-zhou,ZHOU Ji-kui.Screen-ing of silicate bacteria and bioleaching silicon frombauxite[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Met-als,2004,14(2):281-285.
[3]GROUDEVA V I,仲崇渡.铝土矿的微生物选矿[J].国外金属矿选矿,1989,26(11):9-10.GROUDEVA V I,ZHONG Chong-du.Bauxite dress-ing by microorganisms[J].Metallic Ore Dressing A-broad,1989,26(11):9-10.
[4]NATAYAUAN K A.Some microbiological aspects ofbauxite mineralization and beneficiation[J].Mineralsand Metallurgical Processing,1997,14(2):47-53.
[5]PHALGIUNI A D.Biobeneficiation of bauxite usingbacillus polymyxa:calcium and iron removal[J].In-ternational Journal of Mineral Processing,1996,48(1):51-60.
[6]SUN W,MA L,HU Y,et al.Hydrogen bubble flota-tion of fine minerals containing calcium[J].MiningScience and Technology,2011,21(4):591-597.
[7]莫彬彬,连宾.长石风化作用及影响因素分析[J].地学前缘,2010,17(3):281-288.MO Bin-bin,LIAN Bin.Study on feldspar weatheringand analysis of relevant impact f actors[J].Earth Sci-ence Frontiers,2010,17(3):281-288.
[8]吴涛,陈骏,连宾.微生物对硅酸盐矿物风化作用研究进展[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2007,26(3):263-268.WU Tao,CHEN Jun,LIAN Bin.Advance in studieson the function of microbes to the weathering of sili-cate Minerals[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrologyand Geochemistry,2007,26(3):263-268.
[9]孙德四,陈晔,曹飞.细菌-矿物接触方式对铝土矿降解的影响[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(1):122-128.Sun De-si,Chen Ye,Cao Fei.Influence of microbe-mineral contact model on decomposition of bauxite[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Tech-nology,2013,42(1):122-128.
[10]SANZ-MONTERO M E,RODRIGUEZ-ARANDA JP.Silicate bio-weathering and bio-mineralization inlacustrine microbialites:ancient analogues from theMiocene Duero Basin,Spain[J].Geological Maga-zine,2009,146(4):527-539.
[11]KAMPMAN N,BICKLE M,BECKER J.Feldspardissolution kinetics and Gibbs free energy depend-ence in a CO2-enriched ground water system,GreenRiver,Utah[J].Earth and Planetary Science Let-ters,2009,284:473-488.
[12]BALOGH-BRUNSTAD Z,KELLER C K,DICKIN-SON J T.Biotite weathering and nutrient uptake byectomycorrhizal fungus,suillus tomentosus,in liquid-culture experiments[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimi-ca Acta,2008,72(11):2601-2618.
[13]FOMINA M,BURFORD E P,HILLIER S.Rock-building fungi[J].Geomicrobiology Journal,2010,27:624-629.
[14]GADD G M,RAVEN J A.Geomicrobiology of eu-karyotic microorganisms[J].Geomicrobiology Jour-nal,2010,27(6):491-519.
[15]周国华,薛玉兰,蒋玉仁,等.浅谈铝土矿微生物选矿[J].矿产综合利用,2000(6):38-41.ZHOU Guo-hua,XUE Yu-lan,JIANG Yu-ren,et al.Research advances in the biobeneficiation of bauxites[J].Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources,2000(6):38-41.
[16]连宾,陈骏,傅平秋.微生物影响硅酸盐矿物风化作用的模拟试验[J].高校地质学报,2005,11(2):181-186.LIAN Bin,CHEN Jun,FU Ping-qiu.Weathering ofsilicate minerals by microorganisms in culture exper-iments[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2005,11(2):181-186.