淮北煤田煤成气低渗砂岩储层综合评价研究
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摘要
煤成气是天然气资源的重要补充,淮北煤田煤成气资源丰富,勘探潜力较大,但缺乏对低渗砂岩储层研究,进行储层评价更少,为了有效评价淮北煤田二叠系山西组、下石盒子组和上石盒子组砂岩低孔低渗储层,利用孔渗测试、岩石薄片分析、扫描电镜等方法,以沉积相、孔渗特征、孔隙结构、孔隙类型及成岩作用等为评价参数,对其进行了综合评价。结果表明:从孔渗性和孔隙结构看,上石盒子组最好,其次为山西组,下石盒子组较差;从孔隙发育程度和类型看,上石盒子组孔隙最发育,主要为原生孔隙和次生溶孔,其次是山西组,主要为次生溶孔,而下石盒子组孔隙发育较差;综合评价看,上石盒子组砂岩储层发育最好,Ⅰ类储层占22.65%,Ⅱ类储层占50.32%,Ⅲ类储层占27.03%;其次为山西组砂岩储层,Ⅰ类储层占21.7%,Ⅱ类储层占42.05%,Ⅲ类储层占36.25%;而下石盒子组砂岩储层较差,Ⅰ类储层占2.91%,Ⅱ类储层占38.85%,Ⅲ类储层占58.24%。
Coal-derived gas is an important supplement to natural gas resources. The Huaibei Coalfield is rich in coal-derived gas resources and has great exploration potential. However,the study of low permeability sandstone reservoirs is limited,and there is also less reservoir evaluation. In order to effectively evaluate sandstone low-porosity and low-permeability reservoirs of Shanxi Formation,Lower Shihezi Formation and Upper Shihezi Formation in Huaibei Coalfield,the sedimentary facies,pore permeability characteristics,pore structure,pore types and diagenesis were comprehensively evaluated by means of pore permeability test,rock slice analysis and scanning electron microscope. The results show that from the perspective of pore permeability and pore structure,the Upper Shihezi Formation is the best,followed by the Shanxi Formation,and the Lower Shihezi Formation is poor. From the perspective of the degree and type of pore development,the Upper Shihezi Formation has the most developed pores,mainly primary pore and secondary dissolution pore,followed by Shanxi Formation,mainly secondary dissolution pore,while the Lower Shihezi Formation has poor pore development. Comprehensive evaluation shows that sandstone reservoirs in Upper Shihezi Formation have the best development. Type Ⅰ reservoirs account for 22. 65%,Type Ⅱ reservoirs account for 50. 32%,and Type Ⅲ reservoirs represent 27. 03%; This was followed by Shanxi sandstone reservoirs,where Type Ⅰ reservoirs account for 21.7%,Type Ⅱ reservoirs account for 42.05%,and Type Ⅲ reservoirs shares another 36.25%; The sandstone reservoir of Lower Shihezi Formation is poorer,with Type Ⅰ reservoir accounting for 2.91%,Type Ⅱ reservoir accounting for38.85%,and Type Ⅲ reservoir accounting for 58.24%.
Coal-derived gas is an important supplement to natural gas resources. The Huaibei Coalfield is rich in coal-derived gas resources and has great exploration potential. However,the study of low permeability sandstone reservoirs is limited,and there is also less reservoir evaluation. In order to effectively evaluate sandstone low-porosity and low-permeability reservoirs of Shanxi Formation,Lower Shihezi Formation and Upper Shihezi Formation in Huaibei Coalfield,the sedimentary facies,pore permeability characteristics,pore structure,pore types and diagenesis were comprehensively evaluated by means of pore permeability test,rock slice analysis and scanning electron microscope. The results show that from the perspective of pore permeability and pore structure,the Upper Shihezi Formation is the best,followed by the Shanxi Formation,and the Lower Shihezi Formation is poor. From the perspective of the degree and type of pore development,the Upper Shihezi Formation has the most developed pores,mainly primary pore and secondary dissolution pore,followed by Shanxi Formation,mainly secondary dissolution pore,while the Lower Shihezi Formation has poor pore development. Comprehensive evaluation shows that sandstone reservoirs in Upper Shihezi Formation have the best development. Type Ⅰ reservoirs account for 22. 65%,Type Ⅱ reservoirs account for 50. 32%,and Type Ⅲ reservoirs represent 27. 03%; This was followed by Shanxi sandstone reservoirs,where Type Ⅰ reservoirs account for 21.7%,Type Ⅱ reservoirs account for 42.05%,and Type Ⅲ reservoirs shares another 36.25%; The sandstone reservoir of Lower Shihezi Formation is poorer,with Type Ⅰ reservoir accounting for 2.91%,Type Ⅱ reservoir accounting for38.85%,and Type Ⅲ reservoir accounting for 58.24%.
引文
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[6]刘敬维,姚素平,胡文瑄,等.徐淮地区二叠系烃源岩地球化学特征及页岩气资源潜力:以宿州3-1钻井剖面为例[J].地质学刊,2018,42(1):79-87.LIU Jingwei,YAO Suping,HU Wenxuan,et al.Geochemical characteristics and shale gas resource potential of Permian source rocks in Xuhuai area:a case study of the No.3-1 drilling section of Suzhou[J].Journal of Geology,2018,42(1):79-87.
[7]韩树芬.安徽淮北煤成气形成条件及其资源[J].华北地质矿产杂志,1997,12(1):9-16.HAN Sufen.Forming condition of coal gas in Huaibei,Anhui and its resources[J].Journal of Geology and Mineral Resources North China,1997,12(1):9-16.
[8]张文永,朱文伟,窦新钊,等.两淮煤田煤系天然气勘探开发研究进展[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(1):245-251,237.ZHANG Wenyong,ZHU Wenwei,DOU Xinzhao,et al.Research progress on coal measure natural gas exploration development in Huaibei and Huainan Coalfield[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(1):245-251,237.
[9]张荣虎,王俊鹏,马玉杰,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷深层沉积微相古地貌及其对天然气富集的控制[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(4):667-678.ZHANG Ronghu,WANG Junpeng,MA Yujie,et al.The seclimentarv microfacies palaeogeomorphology and their controls on gas accμmulation of deep-buried cretaceous in Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin,China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(4):667-678.
[10]吴志雄,杨兆臣,丁超,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠系克拉玛依组扇三角洲沉积微相特征:以W16井区为例[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(4):602-609.WU Zhixiong,YANG Zhaochen,DING Chao,et al.Characteristics of fan delta in Triassic Karamay Formation,northwest margin of Junggar Basin:taking Well Area W16 as an example[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(4):602-609.
[11]邵龙义,董大啸,李明培,等.华北石炭-二叠纪层序-古地理及聚煤规律[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1725-1734.SHAO Longyi,DONG Daxiao,LI Mingpei,et al.Sequence-paleogeography and coal accμmulation of the Carboniferous-Permian in the North China Basin[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1725-1734.
[12]刘金水,曹冰,徐志星,等.西湖凹陷某构造花港组沉积相及致密砂岩储层特征[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2012,39(2):130-136.LIU Jinshui,CAO Bing,XU Zhixing,et al.Sedimentary facies and the characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs of Huagang Formation in Xihu depression,East China Sea Basin[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2012,39(2):130-136.
[13]赵达,许浩,汤达祯,等.临兴地区山西组致密砂岩储层主控因素研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(S1):188-192.ZHAO Da,XU Hao,TANG Dazhen,et al.Study on key controlling factors of tight sandstone reservoir of Shanxi Formation of Linxing Area[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(S1):188-192.
[14]惠宽洋,张哨楠,李德敏,等.鄂尔多斯盆地北部下石盒子组-山西组储层岩石学和成岩作用[J].成都理工学院学报,2002,29(3):272-277.HUI Kuanyang,ZHANG Shaonan,LI Demin,et al.Reservoir petrology and diagenesis of lower Shihezi Formation and Shanxi Formation in northern Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,2002,29(3):272-277.
[15]张兴良,田景春,王峰,等.致密砂岩储层成岩作用特征与孔隙演化定量评价[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(2):212-217.ZHANG Xingliang,TIAN Jingchun,WANG Feng,et al.Diagenetic characteristics and quantitative porosity estimation of tight sandstone reservoirs[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(2):212-217.
[16]焦创赟,付伟,赵俊兴,等.白豹油田长4+5成岩作用与储层分类评价[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2006,33(5):522-527.JIAO Chuangyun,FU Wei,ZHAO Junxing,et al.Diagenesis and reservoir classification and evaluation of Member 4+5 of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Baibao Oil Field,Ordos Basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2006,33(5):522-527.
[17]黄龙,田景春,肖玲,等.鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区长6砂岩储层特征及评价[J].岩性油气藏,2008,20(1):83-88.HUANG Long,TIAN Jingchun,XIAO Ling,et al.Characteristics and evaluation of Chang 6 sandstone reservoir of Upper Triassic in Fuxian Area,Ordos Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoir,2008,20(1):83-88.
[18]郭建民.大牛地气田下石盒子组盒3段致密储层评价[J].断块油气田,2008,15(3):34-36.GUO Jianmin.Evaluation of tight reservoirs in the Third Member of lower Shihezi Formation in Daniudi Gas Field[J].Fault Block Oil&Gas Field,2008,15(3):34-36.
[19]尹昕,应文敏.鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田上古生界低孔渗砂岩储层评价[J].矿物岩石,2005,25(2):104-109.YIN Xin,YIN Wenmin.Reservior evaluation for the low porosity and permeability sandstone of Upper Paleozoic in the Daniudi Gas Field,Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2005,25(2):104-109.
[20]张广权,胡向阳,陈舒薇.致密低渗砂岩储层定量评价方法[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(12):2147-2153.ZHANG Guangquan,HU Xiangyang,CHEN Shuwei.Quantitative evaluation method of tight sandstone reservoir with low permeability[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(12):2147-2153.
[21]马登峰.鄂西渝东区建南气田及周缘志留系致密砂岩储层评价[J].海相油气地质,2011,16(1):14-19.MA Dengfeng.Evaluation of Silurian tight sandstone reservoir in Jiannan Gas Field Area,West Hubei-East Chongqing[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2011,16(1):14-19.
[2]李登华,高煖,刘卓亚,等.中美煤层气资源分布特征和开发现状对比及启示[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(1):252-261.LI Denghua,GAO Xuan,LIU Zhuoya,et al.CoMParison and revelation of coalbed methane resources distribution characteristics and development status between China and America[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(1):252-261.
[3]戴金星,龚剑明.中国煤成气理论形成过程及对天然气工业发展的战略意义[J].中国石油勘探,2018,23(4):1-10.DAI Jinxing,GONG Jianming.Establishment of coal-derived gas geological theory and its strategic signicance to the development of natural gas industry in China[J].China Petroleμm Exploration,2018,23(4):1-10.
[4]赵师庆,李平华.两淮煤田石炭二叠煤系的有机地球化学特征[J].淮南矿业学院学报,1989,9(3):36-51.ZHAO Shiqing,LI Pinghua.The organic geochemical features of Permo-carboniferou coal measures in Huainan and Huaibei Coal Fields[J].Journal of Huainan Mining Institute,1989,9(3):36-51.
[5]隋峰堂,窦新钊.两淮煤田煤系非常规天然气的系统研究及其意义[J].山西煤炭,2016,36(5):18-21.SUI Fengtang,DOU Xinzhao.Systematic research and its significance of unconventional natural gas in coal measures in Huainan and Huaibei Coal Fields[J].Shanxi Coal,2016,36(5):18-21.
[6]刘敬维,姚素平,胡文瑄,等.徐淮地区二叠系烃源岩地球化学特征及页岩气资源潜力:以宿州3-1钻井剖面为例[J].地质学刊,2018,42(1):79-87.LIU Jingwei,YAO Suping,HU Wenxuan,et al.Geochemical characteristics and shale gas resource potential of Permian source rocks in Xuhuai area:a case study of the No.3-1 drilling section of Suzhou[J].Journal of Geology,2018,42(1):79-87.
[7]韩树芬.安徽淮北煤成气形成条件及其资源[J].华北地质矿产杂志,1997,12(1):9-16.HAN Sufen.Forming condition of coal gas in Huaibei,Anhui and its resources[J].Journal of Geology and Mineral Resources North China,1997,12(1):9-16.
[8]张文永,朱文伟,窦新钊,等.两淮煤田煤系天然气勘探开发研究进展[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(1):245-251,237.ZHANG Wenyong,ZHU Wenwei,DOU Xinzhao,et al.Research progress on coal measure natural gas exploration development in Huaibei and Huainan Coalfield[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(1):245-251,237.
[9]张荣虎,王俊鹏,马玉杰,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷深层沉积微相古地貌及其对天然气富集的控制[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(4):667-678.ZHANG Ronghu,WANG Junpeng,MA Yujie,et al.The seclimentarv microfacies palaeogeomorphology and their controls on gas accμmulation of deep-buried cretaceous in Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin,China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(4):667-678.
[10]吴志雄,杨兆臣,丁超,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠系克拉玛依组扇三角洲沉积微相特征:以W16井区为例[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(4):602-609.WU Zhixiong,YANG Zhaochen,DING Chao,et al.Characteristics of fan delta in Triassic Karamay Formation,northwest margin of Junggar Basin:taking Well Area W16 as an example[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(4):602-609.
[11]邵龙义,董大啸,李明培,等.华北石炭-二叠纪层序-古地理及聚煤规律[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1725-1734.SHAO Longyi,DONG Daxiao,LI Mingpei,et al.Sequence-paleogeography and coal accμmulation of the Carboniferous-Permian in the North China Basin[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1725-1734.
[12]刘金水,曹冰,徐志星,等.西湖凹陷某构造花港组沉积相及致密砂岩储层特征[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2012,39(2):130-136.LIU Jinshui,CAO Bing,XU Zhixing,et al.Sedimentary facies and the characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs of Huagang Formation in Xihu depression,East China Sea Basin[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2012,39(2):130-136.
[13]赵达,许浩,汤达祯,等.临兴地区山西组致密砂岩储层主控因素研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(S1):188-192.ZHAO Da,XU Hao,TANG Dazhen,et al.Study on key controlling factors of tight sandstone reservoir of Shanxi Formation of Linxing Area[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(S1):188-192.
[14]惠宽洋,张哨楠,李德敏,等.鄂尔多斯盆地北部下石盒子组-山西组储层岩石学和成岩作用[J].成都理工学院学报,2002,29(3):272-277.HUI Kuanyang,ZHANG Shaonan,LI Demin,et al.Reservoir petrology and diagenesis of lower Shihezi Formation and Shanxi Formation in northern Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,2002,29(3):272-277.
[15]张兴良,田景春,王峰,等.致密砂岩储层成岩作用特征与孔隙演化定量评价[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(2):212-217.ZHANG Xingliang,TIAN Jingchun,WANG Feng,et al.Diagenetic characteristics and quantitative porosity estimation of tight sandstone reservoirs[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(2):212-217.
[16]焦创赟,付伟,赵俊兴,等.白豹油田长4+5成岩作用与储层分类评价[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2006,33(5):522-527.JIAO Chuangyun,FU Wei,ZHAO Junxing,et al.Diagenesis and reservoir classification and evaluation of Member 4+5 of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Baibao Oil Field,Ordos Basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2006,33(5):522-527.
[17]黄龙,田景春,肖玲,等.鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区长6砂岩储层特征及评价[J].岩性油气藏,2008,20(1):83-88.HUANG Long,TIAN Jingchun,XIAO Ling,et al.Characteristics and evaluation of Chang 6 sandstone reservoir of Upper Triassic in Fuxian Area,Ordos Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoir,2008,20(1):83-88.
[18]郭建民.大牛地气田下石盒子组盒3段致密储层评价[J].断块油气田,2008,15(3):34-36.GUO Jianmin.Evaluation of tight reservoirs in the Third Member of lower Shihezi Formation in Daniudi Gas Field[J].Fault Block Oil&Gas Field,2008,15(3):34-36.
[19]尹昕,应文敏.鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田上古生界低孔渗砂岩储层评价[J].矿物岩石,2005,25(2):104-109.YIN Xin,YIN Wenmin.Reservior evaluation for the low porosity and permeability sandstone of Upper Paleozoic in the Daniudi Gas Field,Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2005,25(2):104-109.
[20]张广权,胡向阳,陈舒薇.致密低渗砂岩储层定量评价方法[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(12):2147-2153.ZHANG Guangquan,HU Xiangyang,CHEN Shuwei.Quantitative evaluation method of tight sandstone reservoir with low permeability[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(12):2147-2153.
[21]马登峰.鄂西渝东区建南气田及周缘志留系致密砂岩储层评价[J].海相油气地质,2011,16(1):14-19.MA Dengfeng.Evaluation of Silurian tight sandstone reservoir in Jiannan Gas Field Area,West Hubei-East Chongqing[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2011,16(1):14-19.
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