Control factors of reservoir oil-bearing difference of Cretaceous Mishrif Formation in the H oilfield, Iraq
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摘要
To reveal the law of oiliness of the Upper Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East and factors controlling the oiliness, the Mishrif Formation of the H oilfield in Iraq was examined comprehensively. Based on core observation and description, casting thin section analysis, and statistics of physical property and pore-throat structure parameter, etc., in combination with previous achievements and understanding, it is pointed out that the coring interval of Mishrif Formation has strong oiliness heterogeneity, and can be divided into 4 grades, oil rich, oil immersed, oil spot, and oil trace; the oil-bearing grade has obvious facies-controlled characteristic in macroscopic view; and in different oil-bearing grades, relatively oil-rich sections present higher karst development intensity, better physical properties and pore-throat structure characteristics. It is concluded through the study that the sedimentary microenvironment and eogenetic karstification determine the macroscopic oiliness of the reservoir in Mishrif Formation of H Oilfield, and the improvement of pore-throat structure caused by eogenetic karstification is the decisive factor of the micro oil-bearing difference of the reservoir. Finally,the genetic model of reservoir development and oil-bearing difference was established.
To reveal the law of oiliness of the Upper Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East and factors controlling the oiliness, the Mishrif Formation of the H oilfield in Iraq was examined comprehensively. Based on core observation and description, casting thin section analysis, and statistics of physical property and pore-throat structure parameter, etc., in combination with previous achievements and understanding, it is pointed out that the coring interval of Mishrif Formation has strong oiliness heterogeneity, and can be divided into 4 grades, oil rich, oil immersed, oil spot, and oil trace; the oil-bearing grade has obvious facies-controlled characteristic in macroscopic view; and in different oil-bearing grades, relatively oil-rich sections present higher karst development intensity, better physical properties and pore-throat structure characteristics. It is concluded through the study that the sedimentary microenvironment and eogenetic karstification determine the macroscopic oiliness of the reservoir in Mishrif Formation of H Oilfield, and the improvement of pore-throat structure caused by eogenetic karstification is the decisive factor of the micro oil-bearing difference of the reservoir. Finally,the genetic model of reservoir development and oil-bearing difference was established.
To reveal the law of oiliness of the Upper Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East and factors controlling the oiliness, the Mishrif Formation of the H oilfield in Iraq was examined comprehensively. Based on core observation and description, casting thin section analysis, and statistics of physical property and pore-throat structure parameter, etc., in combination with previous achievements and understanding, it is pointed out that the coring interval of Mishrif Formation has strong oiliness heterogeneity, and can be divided into 4 grades, oil rich, oil immersed, oil spot, and oil trace; the oil-bearing grade has obvious facies-controlled characteristic in macroscopic view; and in different oil-bearing grades, relatively oil-rich sections present higher karst development intensity, better physical properties and pore-throat structure characteristics. It is concluded through the study that the sedimentary microenvironment and eogenetic karstification determine the macroscopic oiliness of the reservoir in Mishrif Formation of H Oilfield, and the improvement of pore-throat structure caused by eogenetic karstification is the decisive factor of the micro oil-bearing difference of the reservoir. Finally,the genetic model of reservoir development and oil-bearing difference was established.
引文
[1]ALSHARHAN A S.Geology and reservoir characteristics of carbonate buildup in giant Bu Hasa oilfield,Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates.AAPG Bulletin,1987,71(10):1304-1318.
[2]ALSHARHAN A S,NAIRN A E M.Sedimentary basins and petroleum geology of the Middle East.Amsterdam:Elsevier Science,1997.
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[5]ALSHARHAN A S.Facies variation,diagenesis,and exploration potential of the Cretaceous rudist-bearing carbonates of the Arabian Gulf.AAPG Bulletin,1995,79(4):531-550.
[6]WANG Jun,GUO Rui,ZHAO Limin,et al.Geological features of grain bank reservoirs and the main controlling factors:A case study on Cretaceous Mishrif Formation,Halfaya Oilfield,Iraq.Petroleum Exploration and Development,201643(3):367-377.
[7]AQRAWI A A M,GOFF J C,HORBURY A D,et al.The petroleum geology of Iraq.Aberystwyth:Scientific Press,2010.
[8]GAO Jixian,TIAN Changbing,ZHANG Weimin,et al.Reservoir characteristics and development model of Middle Cretaceous Mishrif Formation,Persian Gulf Basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,2013,48(1):304-316.
[9]AL-SAKINI J.Summary of petroleum geology of Iraq and the middle east.Kirkuk:Northern Petroleum Company,1992:179.
[10]ALMUTURY W G,AL-ASADI M M.Tectonostratigraphic history of Mesopotamian passive margin during Mesozoic and Cenozoic,south Iraq.Journal of Kirkuk University:Scientific Studies,2008,3(1):31-50.
[11]AL-DABBAS M,AL-JASSIM J,AL-JUMAILY S.Depositional environments and porosity distribution in regressive limestone reservoirs of the Mishrif Formation,Southern Iraq Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2010,3(1):67-78.
[12]WANG Yuxiang,ZHOU Wen,GUO Rui,et al.Rock types and characteristics of the Middle-Upper Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs in Halfaya oilfield,Iraq.Oil and Gas Geology,2016,37(5):764-772.
[13]WANG Yuxiang,ZHOU Wen,GUO Rui,et al.Shoal facies reservoir characteristics and genesis of Mishrif Formation in Halfaya Oilfield,Iraq.Journal of Jilin University,2017,47(4):1007-1020.
[14]ZHOU Wen,GUO Rui,FU Meiyan,et al.Characteristics and origin of Cretaceous limestone reservoir with bio-moldic pore and intrafossil pore,in Ahdeb oilfield,Iraq.Acta Petrologica Sinica,2014,30(3):813-821.
[15]TIAN Zepu,LIU Bo,GAO Jixian.Diagenesis of bioclastic carbonates of the Cretaceous Mishrif Formation in the Rumaila oil field,Iraq.Journal of Stratigraphy,2016,40(1):41-50.
[16]GAO Jixian,TIAN Changbing,ZHANG Weimin,et al.Characteristics and genesis of carbonate reservoir of the Mishrif Formation in the Rumaila oil field,Iraq.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(5):843-852.
[17]DENG Hucheng,ZHOU Wen,GUO Rui,et al.Pore structure characteristics and control factors of carbonate reservoirs:The middle-lower Cretaceous formation,AI Hardy cloth Oilfield,Iraq.Acta Petrologica Sinica,2014,30(3):801-812.
[18]HAN Haiying,MU Longxin,GUO Rui,et al.Characteristics and controlling factors of Cretaceous bioclastic limestone reservoirs in Ahdeb Oil Field,Iraq.Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2014,19(2):54-63.
[19]FU Meiyan,ZHAO Limin,DUAN Tianxiang,et al.Reservoir and early diagenesis characteristics of rudist shoal of Mishrif Formation in HF Oilfield of Iraq.Journal of China University of Petroleum,2016,40(5):1-9.
[20]ZHANG Yikai,KANG An,MIN Xiaogang,et al.Characteristics and genesis of carbonate reservoirs in the Mishrif MB21member in the Missan oil fields,Iraq.Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2016,38(3):360-365.
[21]ZHONG Y,ZHOU L,TAN X C,et al.Characteristics of depositional environment and evolution of Upper Cretaceous Mishrif Formation,Halfaya Oil field,Iraq based on sedimentary microfacies analysis.Journal of African Earth Sciences2018,140:151-168.
[22]ZHONG Y,TAN X C,ZHAO L,et al.Identification of facies-controlled eogenetic karstification in the Upper Cretaceous of the Halfaya oilfield and its impact on reservoir capacity.Geological Journal,2018,54(1):450-465.
[23]JIN Zhimin,TAN Xiucheng,GUO Rui,et al.Pore structure characteristics and control factors of carbonate reservoirs:The Cretaceous Mishrif Formation,Halfaya oilfield,Iraq.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2018,36(5):981-994.
[24]AMEEN M S.Effect of basement tectonics on hydrocarbon generation,migration,and accumulation in Northern Iraq.AAPG Bulletin,1992,76(3):356-370.
[25]AZZAM I N,TAHER A K.Sequence stratigraphy and source rock potential of middle Cretaceous(Upper Wasia Group)in West Abu Dhabi.SPE25577,1993.
[26]BUDAY T.The regional geology of Iraq.Iraq:State Organisation for Minerals,1980.
[27]DUNNINGTON H V.Generation,migration,accumulation,and dissipation of oil in Northern Iraq.Geo Arabia,2005,10(2):39-84.
[28]OWEN R M S,NASR S N.Stratigraphy of the Kuwait Basrah area.AAPG,1958:1252-1278.
[29]AQRAWI A A M.Paleozoic stratigraphy and petroleum systems of the western and southwestern deserts of Iraq.GeoArabia,1998,3(2):229-248.
[30]AL-JUBOURY A I A.The upper Miocene injana(Upper Fars)formation of Iraq:Insights on provenance history.Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2009,2(4):337-364.
[31]Ministry of Energy,the People’s Republic of China.Oil industry standard issued by the Ministry of Energy,the People’s Republic of China:Division of rock oil-bearing grade:SY/T5364-89.Beijing:Ministry of Energy,the People’s Republic of China,1989:3.
[32]YU Yichang,SUN Longde,SONG Xinmin,et al.Sedimentary diagenesis of rudist shoal and its control on reservoirs:A case study of Cretaceous Mishrif Formation,H Oilfield,Iraq.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(6):1007-1019.
[2]ALSHARHAN A S,NAIRN A E M.Sedimentary basins and petroleum geology of the Middle East.Amsterdam:Elsevier Science,1997.
[3]MOORE C H.Carbonate reservoirs:Porosity,evolution and diagenesis in a sequence stratigraphic framework.Amsterdam:Elsevier Science,2001.
[4]ROEHL P O,CHOQUETTE P W.Carbonate petroleum reservoirs.Berlin:Springer Verlag,1985.
[5]ALSHARHAN A S.Facies variation,diagenesis,and exploration potential of the Cretaceous rudist-bearing carbonates of the Arabian Gulf.AAPG Bulletin,1995,79(4):531-550.
[6]WANG Jun,GUO Rui,ZHAO Limin,et al.Geological features of grain bank reservoirs and the main controlling factors:A case study on Cretaceous Mishrif Formation,Halfaya Oilfield,Iraq.Petroleum Exploration and Development,201643(3):367-377.
[7]AQRAWI A A M,GOFF J C,HORBURY A D,et al.The petroleum geology of Iraq.Aberystwyth:Scientific Press,2010.
[8]GAO Jixian,TIAN Changbing,ZHANG Weimin,et al.Reservoir characteristics and development model of Middle Cretaceous Mishrif Formation,Persian Gulf Basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,2013,48(1):304-316.
[9]AL-SAKINI J.Summary of petroleum geology of Iraq and the middle east.Kirkuk:Northern Petroleum Company,1992:179.
[10]ALMUTURY W G,AL-ASADI M M.Tectonostratigraphic history of Mesopotamian passive margin during Mesozoic and Cenozoic,south Iraq.Journal of Kirkuk University:Scientific Studies,2008,3(1):31-50.
[11]AL-DABBAS M,AL-JASSIM J,AL-JUMAILY S.Depositional environments and porosity distribution in regressive limestone reservoirs of the Mishrif Formation,Southern Iraq Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2010,3(1):67-78.
[12]WANG Yuxiang,ZHOU Wen,GUO Rui,et al.Rock types and characteristics of the Middle-Upper Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs in Halfaya oilfield,Iraq.Oil and Gas Geology,2016,37(5):764-772.
[13]WANG Yuxiang,ZHOU Wen,GUO Rui,et al.Shoal facies reservoir characteristics and genesis of Mishrif Formation in Halfaya Oilfield,Iraq.Journal of Jilin University,2017,47(4):1007-1020.
[14]ZHOU Wen,GUO Rui,FU Meiyan,et al.Characteristics and origin of Cretaceous limestone reservoir with bio-moldic pore and intrafossil pore,in Ahdeb oilfield,Iraq.Acta Petrologica Sinica,2014,30(3):813-821.
[15]TIAN Zepu,LIU Bo,GAO Jixian.Diagenesis of bioclastic carbonates of the Cretaceous Mishrif Formation in the Rumaila oil field,Iraq.Journal of Stratigraphy,2016,40(1):41-50.
[16]GAO Jixian,TIAN Changbing,ZHANG Weimin,et al.Characteristics and genesis of carbonate reservoir of the Mishrif Formation in the Rumaila oil field,Iraq.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(5):843-852.
[17]DENG Hucheng,ZHOU Wen,GUO Rui,et al.Pore structure characteristics and control factors of carbonate reservoirs:The middle-lower Cretaceous formation,AI Hardy cloth Oilfield,Iraq.Acta Petrologica Sinica,2014,30(3):801-812.
[18]HAN Haiying,MU Longxin,GUO Rui,et al.Characteristics and controlling factors of Cretaceous bioclastic limestone reservoirs in Ahdeb Oil Field,Iraq.Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2014,19(2):54-63.
[19]FU Meiyan,ZHAO Limin,DUAN Tianxiang,et al.Reservoir and early diagenesis characteristics of rudist shoal of Mishrif Formation in HF Oilfield of Iraq.Journal of China University of Petroleum,2016,40(5):1-9.
[20]ZHANG Yikai,KANG An,MIN Xiaogang,et al.Characteristics and genesis of carbonate reservoirs in the Mishrif MB21member in the Missan oil fields,Iraq.Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2016,38(3):360-365.
[21]ZHONG Y,ZHOU L,TAN X C,et al.Characteristics of depositional environment and evolution of Upper Cretaceous Mishrif Formation,Halfaya Oil field,Iraq based on sedimentary microfacies analysis.Journal of African Earth Sciences2018,140:151-168.
[22]ZHONG Y,TAN X C,ZHAO L,et al.Identification of facies-controlled eogenetic karstification in the Upper Cretaceous of the Halfaya oilfield and its impact on reservoir capacity.Geological Journal,2018,54(1):450-465.
[23]JIN Zhimin,TAN Xiucheng,GUO Rui,et al.Pore structure characteristics and control factors of carbonate reservoirs:The Cretaceous Mishrif Formation,Halfaya oilfield,Iraq.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2018,36(5):981-994.
[24]AMEEN M S.Effect of basement tectonics on hydrocarbon generation,migration,and accumulation in Northern Iraq.AAPG Bulletin,1992,76(3):356-370.
[25]AZZAM I N,TAHER A K.Sequence stratigraphy and source rock potential of middle Cretaceous(Upper Wasia Group)in West Abu Dhabi.SPE25577,1993.
[26]BUDAY T.The regional geology of Iraq.Iraq:State Organisation for Minerals,1980.
[27]DUNNINGTON H V.Generation,migration,accumulation,and dissipation of oil in Northern Iraq.Geo Arabia,2005,10(2):39-84.
[28]OWEN R M S,NASR S N.Stratigraphy of the Kuwait Basrah area.AAPG,1958:1252-1278.
[29]AQRAWI A A M.Paleozoic stratigraphy and petroleum systems of the western and southwestern deserts of Iraq.GeoArabia,1998,3(2):229-248.
[30]AL-JUBOURY A I A.The upper Miocene injana(Upper Fars)formation of Iraq:Insights on provenance history.Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2009,2(4):337-364.
[31]Ministry of Energy,the People’s Republic of China.Oil industry standard issued by the Ministry of Energy,the People’s Republic of China:Division of rock oil-bearing grade:SY/T5364-89.Beijing:Ministry of Energy,the People’s Republic of China,1989:3.
[32]YU Yichang,SUN Longde,SONG Xinmin,et al.Sedimentary diagenesis of rudist shoal and its control on reservoirs:A case study of Cretaceous Mishrif Formation,H Oilfield,Iraq.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(6):1007-1019.